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Shen H, Han J, Liu C, Cao F, Huang Y. Grape Seed Proanthocyanidins Exert a Radioprotective Effect on the Testes and Intestines Through Antioxidant Effects and Inhibition of MAPK Signal Pathways. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 8:836528. [PMID: 35141259 PMCID: PMC8818786 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.836528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The testes and intestines are highly sensitive to ionizing radiation. Low-dose radiation can cause infertility and enteritis. However, there is a lack of safe and efficient radioprotective agents. This study aims to investigate the radioprotective effects of grape seed proanthocyanidins (GSPs) on testicular and intestinal damage induced by ionizing radiation. In vitro, GSPs reduced the apoptosis and proliferation inhibition of mouse testicular stromal cells TM3 and human small intestinal crypt epithelial cells HIEC induced by ionizing radiation, and alleviated DNA double-strand breaks. In vivo, GSPs ameliorated the pathological damage of the testes and intestines induced by ionizing radiation, and protected the endocrine function of the testes and the barrier function of the intestines. In addition, we preliminarily proved that the radioprotective effect of GSPs is related to its antioxidant effect and inhibition of MAPK signaling pathways. Our results indicate that GSPs are expected to be a safe and effective radioprotective drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Shen
- Department of Central Laboratory, First Hospital of Jiaxing, Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China
| | - Jun Han
- Department of Radiology, First Hospital of Jiaxing, Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China
| | - Chunlei Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Chifeng Municipal Hospital, Chifeng Clinical Medical School of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Chifeng, China
| | - Fei Cao
- Department of Radiotherapy, Changhai Hospital of Shanghai, First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
- Fei Cao
| | - Yijuan Huang
- Department of Radiology, First Hospital of Jiaxing, Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China
- *Correspondence: Yijuan Huang ;
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Lee HJ, Lee SH, Lee JH, Kim Y, Seong KM, Jin YW, Min KJ. Role of Commensal Microbes in the γ-Ray Irradiation-Induced Physiological Changes in Drosophila melanogaster. Microorganisms 2020; 9:microorganisms9010031. [PMID: 33374132 PMCID: PMC7824294 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9010031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 12/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Ionizing radiation induces biological/physiological changes and affects commensal microbes, but few studies have examined the relationship between the physiological changes induced by irradiation and commensal microbes. This study investigated the role of commensal microbes in the γ-ray irradiation-induced physiological changes in Drosophila melanogaster. The bacterial load was increased in 5 Gy irradiated flies, but irradiation decreased the number of operational taxonomic units. The mean lifespan of conventional flies showed no significant change by irradiation, whereas that of axenic flies was negatively correlated with the radiation dose. γ-Ray irradiation did not change the average number of eggs in both conventional and axenic flies. Locomotion of conventional flies was decreased after 5 Gy radiation exposure, whereas no significant change in locomotion activity was detected in axenic flies after irradiation. γ-Ray irradiation increased the generation of reactive oxygen species in both conventional and axenic flies, but the increase was higher in axenic flies. Similarly, the amounts of mitochondria were increased in irradiated axenic flies but not in conventional flies. These results suggest that axenic flies are more sensitive in their mitochondrial responses to radiation than conventional flies, and increased sensitivity leads to a reduced lifespan and other physiological changes in axenic flies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hwa-Jin Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea; (H.-J.L.); (S.-H.L.); (J.-H.L.)
| | - Shin-Hae Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea; (H.-J.L.); (S.-H.L.); (J.-H.L.)
| | - Ji-Hyeon Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea; (H.-J.L.); (S.-H.L.); (J.-H.L.)
| | - Yongjoong Kim
- Laboratory of Low Dose Risk Assessment, National Radiation Emergency Medical Center, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences, Seoul 01812, Korea; (Y.K.); (K.M.S.); (Y.W.J.)
| | - Ki Moon Seong
- Laboratory of Low Dose Risk Assessment, National Radiation Emergency Medical Center, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences, Seoul 01812, Korea; (Y.K.); (K.M.S.); (Y.W.J.)
| | - Young Woo Jin
- Laboratory of Low Dose Risk Assessment, National Radiation Emergency Medical Center, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences, Seoul 01812, Korea; (Y.K.); (K.M.S.); (Y.W.J.)
| | - Kyung-Jin Min
- Department of Biological Sciences, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea; (H.-J.L.); (S.-H.L.); (J.-H.L.)
- Correspondence:
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Park JS, Kim YJ. Anti-Aging Effect of the Ketone Metabolite β-Hydroxybutyrate in Drosophila Intestinal Stem Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21103497. [PMID: 32429095 PMCID: PMC7278929 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21103497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Age-related changes in tissue-resident adult stem cells may be closely linked to tissue aging and age-related diseases, such as cancer. β-Hydroxybutyrate is emerging as an important molecule for exhibiting the anti-aging effects of caloric restriction and fasting, which are generally considered to be beneficial for stem cell maintenance and tissue regeneration. The effects of β-hydroxybutyrate on adult stem cells remain largely unknown. Therefore, this study was undertaken to investigate whether β-hydroxybutyrate supplementation exerts beneficial effects on age-related changes in intestinal stem cells that were derived from the Drosophila midgut. Our results indicate that β-hydroxybutyrate inhibits age- and oxidative stress-induced changes in midgut intestinal stem cells, including centrosome amplification (a hallmark of cancers), hyperproliferation, and DNA damage accumulation. Additionally, β-hydroxybutyrate inhibits age- and oxidative stress-induced heterochromatin instability in enterocytes, an intestinal stem cells niche cells. Our results suggest that β-hydroxybutyrate exerts both intrinsic as well as extrinsic influence in order to maintain stem cell homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joung-Sun Park
- Korea Nanobiotechnology Center, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-51-510-3908; Fax: +82-51-513-9258
| | - Yung-Jin Kim
- Department of Molecular Biology, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea;
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Lu YC, Wang P, Wang J, Ma R, Lee SC. PCNA and JNK1-Stat3 pathways respectively promotes and inhibits diabetes-associated centrosome amplification by targeting at the ROCK1/14-3-3σ complex in human colon cancer HCT116 cells. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:11511-11523. [PMID: 30478982 PMCID: PMC6587713 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
We have recently reported that type 2 diabetes promotes centrosome amplification via enhancing the expression, biding, and centrosome translocation of rho‐associated coiled‐coil containing protein kinase 1 (ROCK1)/14‐3‐3σ complex in HCT116 cells. In the functional proteomic study, we further investigated the molecular pathways underlying the centrosome amplification using HCT116 cells. We found that treatment of HCT116 cells with high glucose, insulin, and palmitic acid triggered the centrosome amplification and increased the expressions of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), nucleophosmin (NPM), and 14‐3‐3σ. Individual knockdown of PCNA, NPM, or 14‐3‐3σ inhibited the centrosome amplification. Knockdown of PCNA inhibited the treatment‐increased expression of ROCK1, whereas knockdown of ROCK1 did not affect the PCNA expression. High glucose, insulin, and palmitic acid also increased the expressions of c‐Jun N‐terminal kinase‐1 (JNK1) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (Stat3), individual knockdown of which upregulated the treatment‐increased expression of 14‐3‐3σ and promoted the centrosome amplification. In contrast, overexpression of JNK1 inhibited the centrosome amplification. Knockdown of Stat3 enhanced the centrosome translocation of 14‐3‐3σ. Moreover, we showed that knockdown of JNK1 inhibited the treatment‐increased expression of Stat3. Knockdown of PCNA, JNK1, or Stat3 did not have an effect on NPM and vice versa. In conclusion, our results suggest that PCNA and JNK1‐Stat3 pathways respectively promotes and feedback inhibits the centrosome amplification by targeting at the ROCK1/14‐3‐3σ complex, and NPM serves as an independent signal for the centrosome amplification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Cheng Lu
- School of Life Sciences, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China.,Central Laboratory, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, Shandong, China
| | - Pu Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Jie Wang
- School of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Shanxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Ronald Ma
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Shao Chin Lee
- School of Life Sciences, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China.,School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
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Jeon H, Kim Y, Kim J, Heo K, Pyo J, Yamaguchi M, Park J, Yoo M. Effect of heterochromatin stability on intestinal stem cell aging in Drosophila. Mech Ageing Dev 2018; 173:50-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2018.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Revised: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Park JS, Jeon HJ, Pyo JH, Kim YS, Yoo MA. Deficiency in DNA damage response of enterocytes accelerates intestinal stem cell aging in Drosophila. Aging (Albany NY) 2018; 10:322-338. [PMID: 29514136 PMCID: PMC5892683 DOI: 10.18632/aging.101390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/23/2018] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Stem cell dysfunction is closely linked to tissue and organismal aging and age-related diseases, and heavily influenced by the niche cells' environment. The DNA damage response (DDR) is a key pathway for tissue degeneration and organismal aging; however, the precise protective role of DDR in stem cell/niche aging is unclear. The Drosophila midgut is an excellent model to study the biology of stem cell/niche aging because of its easy genetic manipulation and its short lifespan. Here, we showed that deficiency of DDR in Drosophila enterocytes (ECs) accelerates intestinal stem cell (ISC) aging. We generated flies with knockdown of Mre11, Rad50, Nbs1, ATM, ATR, Chk1, and Chk2, which decrease the DDR system in ECs. EC-specific DDR depletion induced EC death, accelerated the aging of ISCs, as evidenced by ISC hyperproliferation, DNA damage accumulation, and increased centrosome amplification, and affected the adult fly's survival. Our data indicated a distinct effect of DDR depletion in stem or niche cells on tissue-resident stem cell proliferation. Our findings provide evidence of the essential role of DDR in protecting EC against ISC aging, thus providing a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms of stem cell/niche aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joung-Sun Park
- Department of Molecular Biology, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
- Equal contribution
| | - Ho-Jun Jeon
- Department of Molecular Biology, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
- Equal contribution
| | - Jung-Hoon Pyo
- Department of Molecular Biology, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Shin Kim
- Department of Molecular Biology, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Ae Yoo
- Department of Molecular Biology, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
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Abstract
Children undergoing cranial radiation therapy (CRT) for pediatric central nervous system malignancies are at increased risk for neurological deficits later in life. We have developed a model of neurotoxic damage in adult Drosophila following irradiation during the juvenile stages with the goal of elucidating underlying neuropathological mechanisms and of ultimately identifying potential therapeutic targets. Wild-type third-instar larvae were irradiated with single doses of γ-radiation, and the percentage that survived to adulthood was determined. Motor function of surviving adults was examined with a climbing assay, and longevity was assessed by measuring lifespan. Neuronal cell death was assayed by using immunohistochemistry in adult brains. We also tested the sensitivity at different developmental stages by irradiating larvae at various time points. Irradiating late third-instar larvae at a dose of 20 Gy or higher impaired the motor activity of surviving adults. A dose of 40 Gy or higher resulted in a precipitous reduction in the percentage of larvae that survive to adulthood. A dose-dependent decrease in adult longevity was paralleled by a dose-dependent increase in activated Death caspase-1 (Dcp1) in adult brains. Survival to adulthood and adult lifespan were more severely impaired with decreasing larval age at the time of irradiation. Our initial survey of the Drosophila Genetic Reference Panel demonstrated that differences in genotype can confer phenotypic differences in radio-sensitivity for developmental survival and motor function. This work demonstrates the usefulness of Drosophila to model the toxic effects of radiation during development, and has the potential to unravel underlying mechanisms and to facilitate the discovery of novel therapeutic interventions. Highlighted Article: To model delayed neurological deficits resulting from pediatric cranial radiation therapy, neurotoxic damage in adult Drosophila is assessed following larval irradiation with the goal of elucidating underlying pathological mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa J Sudmeier
- Laboratory of Genetics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 425 Henry Mall, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Steven P Howard
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, 600 Highland Ave., Madison, WI 53792, USA
| | - Barry Ganetzky
- Laboratory of Genetics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 425 Henry Mall, Madison, WI 53706, USA
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Na HJ, Park JS, Pyo JH, Jeon HJ, Kim YS, Arking R, Yoo MA. Metformin inhibits age-related centrosome amplification in Drosophila midgut stem cells through AKT/TOR pathway. Mech Ageing Dev 2015; 149:8-18. [PMID: 25988874 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2015.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2015] [Revised: 04/23/2015] [Accepted: 05/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
We delineated the mechanism regulating the inhibition of centrosome amplification by metformin in Drosophila intestinal stem cells (ISCs). Age-related changes in tissue-resident stem cells may be closely associated with tissue aging and age-related diseases, such as cancer. Centrosome amplification is a hallmark of cancers. Our recent work showed that Drosophila ISCs are an excellent model for stem cell studies evaluating age-related increase in centrosome amplification. Here, we showed that metformin, a recognized anti-cancer drug, inhibits age- and oxidative stress-induced centrosome amplification in ISCs. Furthermore, we revealed that this effect is mediated via down-regulation of AKT/target of rapamycin (TOR) activity, suggesting that metformin prevents centrosome amplification by inhibiting the TOR signaling pathway. Additionally, AKT/TOR signaling hyperactivation and metformin treatment indicated a strong correlation between DNA damage accumulation and centrosome amplification in ISCs, suggesting that DNA damage might mediate centrosome amplification. Our study reveals the beneficial and protective effects of metformin on centrosome amplification via AKT/TOR signaling modulation. We identified a new target for the inhibition of age- and oxidative stress-induced centrosome amplification. We propose that the Drosophila ISCs may be an excellent model system for in vivo studies evaluating the effects of anti-cancer drugs on tissue-resident stem cell aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Jin Na
- Department of Molecular Biology, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, South Korea
| | - Joung-Sun Park
- Department of Molecular Biology, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, South Korea
| | - Jung-Hoon Pyo
- Department of Molecular Biology, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, South Korea
| | - Ho-Jun Jeon
- Department of Molecular Biology, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, South Korea
| | - Young-Shin Kim
- Department of Molecular Biology, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, South Korea
| | - Robert Arking
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | - Mi-Ae Yoo
- Department of Molecular Biology, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, South Korea.
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Jeon HJ, Kim YS, Park JS, Pyo JH, Na HJ, Kim IJ, Kim CM, Chung HY, Kim ND, Arking R, Yoo MA. Age-related change in γH2AX of Drosophila muscle: its significance as a marker for muscle damage and longevity. Biogerontology 2015; 16:503-16. [PMID: 25860864 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-015-9573-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2014] [Accepted: 04/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Muscle aging is closely related to unhealthy late-life and organismal aging. Recently, the state of differentiated cells was shown to be critical to tissue homeostasis. Thus, understanding how fully differentiated muscle cells age is required for ensuring healthy aging. Adult Drosophila muscle is a useful model for exploring the aging process of fully differentiated cells. In this study, we investigated age-related changes of γH2AX, an indicator of DNA strand breaks, in adult Drosophila muscle to document whether its changes are correlated with muscle degeneration and lifespan. The results demonstrate that γH2AX accumulation increases in adult Drosophila thoracic and leg muscles with age. Analyses of short-, normal-, and long-lived strains indicate that the age-related increase of γH2AX is closely associated with the extent of muscle degeneration, cleaved caspase-3 and poly-ubiquitin aggregates, and longevity. Further analysis of muscle-specific knockdown of heterochromatin protein 1a revealed that the excessive γH2AX accumulation in thoracic and leg muscles induces accelerated degeneration and decreases longevity. These data suggest a strong correlation between age-related muscle damage and lifespan in Drosophila. Our findings indicate that γH2AX may be a reliable biomarker for assessing muscle aging in Drosophila.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ho-Jun Jeon
- Department of Molecular Biology, Pusan National University, Busan, 609-735, Republic of Korea
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