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Moghadam S, Azari B, Rashidi R, Bafghi MH, Rakhshandeh H, Selman SM, Zarrinfar H. Antifungal activity of three different varieties of Capsicum annuum against clinical isolates of Candida species. Trop Dis Travel Med Vaccines 2023; 9:9. [PMID: 37468970 DOI: 10.1186/s40794-023-00194-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Acquired resistance to antifungal agents is rising among Candida species. Herbal extracts including Capsicum annum extracts have biological profits, which can be employed to overcome drug resistance in fungal species. The present study investigated the efficacy of different varieties of C. annum extracts against Candida species. METHODS Aqueous and alcoholic extracts of three different varieties of C. annum were prepared using the succulent method. Total values for compound extracts of C. annum var. cayenne, C. annum var. cayenne cultivar sabzevari, and C. annum var. cerasiforme were 43, 42, and 38 g, respectively. The clinical Candida isolates including C. albicans (n = 13), C. dubliniensis (n = 2), C. parapsilosis (n = 2), and C. tropicalis (n = 1); and reference strains of C. albicans (TIMML 1292 and TIMML 183), C. krusei (TIMML 1321), C. parapsilosis (TIMML 2201), and C. tropicalis (TIMML 731) were examined based on the M27-A3 guideline. RESULTS Aqueous and alcoholic extracts of Capsicum annum showed a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) range of more than 512 µg/ml against clinical and reference strains of Candida. There was no justifiable difference between the effects of these extracts on Candida species. CONCLUSION Both aqueous and alcoholic extracts of Capsicum annum could not exert a significant effective impact on clinical and reference strains of Candida. The difference in pepper spiciness did not show a significant role against Candida isolates. However, their possible effects might be different among other yeasts or filamentous fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaghayegh Moghadam
- Student Research Committee, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Behnam Azari
- Blood Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, Tehran, Iran
| | - Roghayeh Rashidi
- Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mahdi Hosseini Bafghi
- Department of Laboratory Science, Faculty of Paramedical, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hassan Rakhshandeh
- Pharmacological Research Center of Medicinal Plants, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Hossein Zarrinfar
- Allergy Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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Abedzadeh Hajar A, Dakhili M, Saghazadeh M, Aghaei S, Nazari R. Changes of Gene Expression in Candida albicans Isolates from Vaginal Infections by Effects of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles and Fluconazole. Jundishapur J Microbiol 2022; 15. [DOI: 10.5812/jjm-124602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: There are serious challenges of drug resistance in Candida albicans infection. Therefore, it is essential to identify new antifungal agents against resistant species to effectively treat patients affected by these species. Objectives: The present study aimed to study how zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) and fluconazole affected the genes encoding resistance to fluconazole (i.e., CDR2 and ERG11) and those encoding adhesins (i.e., ALS1 and HWP1) in C. albicans isolates. Methods: In this descriptive-analytic study, samples of 120 patients with vaginitis were obtained using sterile swabs. After the identification of C. albicans strains, the fluconazole-resistant candida isolates were treated with various sub-minimum inhibitory concentrations of ZnO-NPs, fluconazole, and a combination of ZnO-NPs and fluconazole. Then, the effects of ZnO-NPs and fluconazole on the expression levels of ALS1, HWP1, CDR2, and ERG11 genes were evaluated by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Results: In this study, 50 out (41.6%) of 120 species with C. albicans were isolated, and 13 (26%) of 50 species were resistant to fluconazole. The expression analysis of fluconazole-resistant C. albicans strains showed that the expression of HWP1 and ALS1 genes was decreased by 2.84 and 1.62 times (P < 0.05), respectively. Nevertheless, the expression of CDR2 increased 1.42 - fold after the treatment with fluconazole. The expression of ERG11, CDR2, HWP1, and ALS1 in isolates treated with the combination of ZnO-NPs and fluconazole was downregulated by 2.1, 5.9, 3, and 5.5 times, respectively, compared to that of the control group. Conclusions: Based on the results, ZnO-NPs are helpful for the treatment of vaginitis-related C. albicans isolates in combination with fluconazole.
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Marena GD, Ramos MADS, Carvalho GC, Junior JAP, Resende FA, Corrêa I, Ono GYB, Sousa Araujo VH, Camargo BAF, Bauab TM, Chorilli M. Natural product‐based nanomedicine applied to fungal infection treatment: A review of the last 4 years. Phytother Res 2022; 36:2710-2745. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Davi Marena
- Department of Drugs and Medicines, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences São Paulo State University (UNESP) Araraquara Brazil
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences São Paulo State University (UNESP) Araraquara Brazil
| | - Matheus Aparecido dos Santos Ramos
- Department of Drugs and Medicines, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences São Paulo State University (UNESP) Araraquara Brazil
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences São Paulo State University (UNESP) Araraquara Brazil
| | - Gabriela Corrêa Carvalho
- Department of Drugs and Medicines, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences São Paulo State University (UNESP) Araraquara Brazil
| | | | | | - Ione Corrêa
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences São Paulo State University (UNESP) Araraquara Brazil
| | - Gabriela Yuki Bressanim Ono
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences São Paulo State University (UNESP) Araraquara Brazil
| | - Victor Hugo Sousa Araujo
- Department of Drugs and Medicines, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences São Paulo State University (UNESP) Araraquara Brazil
| | - Bruna Almeida Furquim Camargo
- Department of Drugs and Medicines, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences São Paulo State University (UNESP) Araraquara Brazil
| | - Tais Maria Bauab
- Department of Biological Sciences and Health University of Araraquara (UNIARA) Araraquara Brazil
| | - Marlus Chorilli
- Department of Drugs and Medicines, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences São Paulo State University (UNESP) Araraquara Brazil
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Azari B, Zahmatkesh Moghadam S, Zarrinfar H, Tasbandi A, Jamialahmadi T, Sahebkar A. Antifungal Activity of Curcuminoids and Difluorinated Curcumin Against Clinical Isolates of Candida Species. Adv Exp Med Biol 2022; 1328:123-129. [PMID: 34981474 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-73234-9_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acquired resistance to antifungals is rising particularly among Candida species. Herbal ingredients have biological and pharmacological activities, which make them potential fungicidal agents. The present study investigated the effects of curcumin (CUR) and difluorinated curcumin (CDF) on Candida species. MATERIAL AND METHOD CUR and CDF were examined against Candida isolates obtained from patients candidemia due to C. albicans (n = 13), C. dubliniensis (n = 2), C. parapsilosis (n = 2), and C. tropicalis (n = 1); and laboratory strains of C. albicans (TIMML 1292 and TIMML 183), C. krusei (TIMML 1321), C. parapsilosis (TIMML 2201), and C. tropicalis (TIMML 731) based on the M27-A3 guideline. RESULTS At the concentrations of 1-512μg/mL, none of the CDF and CUR showed a significant minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) range against Candida isolates. There was no significant difference between the effects of CUR and CDF against Candida species. CONCLUSION The CUR and CDF did not exert any inhibitory effect on the growth of Candida strains. Any possible effect on other yeast and filamentous fungi needs to be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behnam Azari
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Varastegan Institute for Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Hossein Zarrinfar
- Allergy Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Aida Tasbandi
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Tannaz Jamialahmadi
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Quchan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Quchan, Iran
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
- School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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Du J, Ma W, Fan J, Liu X, Wang Y, Zhou X. The A756T Mutation of the ERG11 Gene Associated With Resistance to Itraconazole in Candida Krusei Isolated From Mycotic Mastitis of Cows. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:634286. [PMID: 34458346 PMCID: PMC8385537 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.634286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Candida krusei (C. krusei) has been recently recognized as an important pathogen involved in mycotic mastitis of cows. The phenotypic and molecular characteristics of 15 C. krusei clinical isolates collected from cows with clinical mastitis in three herds of Yinchuan, Ningxia, were identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization–time of flight mass spectrometry. In addition to sequencing analysis, the ERG11 gene that encodes 14α-demethylases, the expression of the ERG11 gene, and efflux transporters ABC1 and ABC2 in itraconazole-susceptible (S), itraconazole-susceptible dose dependent (SDD), and itraconazole-resistant (R) C. krusei isolates was also quantified by a quantitative real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) assay. Sequencing analysis revealed three synonymous codon substitutions of the ERG11 gene including T939C, A756T, and T642C in these C. krusei clinical isolates. Among them, T642C and T939C mutations were detected in itraconazole-resistant and -susceptible C. krusei isolates, but the A756T substitution was found only in itraconazole-resistant isolates. Importantly, the expression of the ERG11 gene in itraconazole-resistant isolates was significantly higher compared with itraconazole-SDD and itraconazole-susceptible isolates (p = 0.052 and p = 0.012, respectively), as determined by the qRT-PCR assay. Interestingly, the expression of the ABC2 gene was also significantly higher in itraconazole-resistant isolates relative to the itraconazole-SDD and itraconazole-susceptible strains. Notably, the expression of ERG11 was positively associated with resistance to itraconazole (p = 0.4177 in SDD compared with S, p = 0.0107 in SDD with R, and p = 0.0035 in S with R, respectively). These data demonstrated that mutations of the ERG11 gene were involved in drug resistance in C. krusei. The A756T synonymous codon substitution of the ERG11 gene was correlated with an increased expression of drug-resistant genes including ERG11 and ABC2 in itraconazole-resistant C. krusei isolates examined in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Du
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for the Conservation and Utilization of Special Biological Resources of Western China, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China.,College of Life Science, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Wenshuang Ma
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for the Conservation and Utilization of Special Biological Resources of Western China, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China.,College of Life Science, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Jiaqi Fan
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for the Conservation and Utilization of Special Biological Resources of Western China, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China.,College of Life Science, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Xiaoming Liu
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for the Conservation and Utilization of Special Biological Resources of Western China, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China.,College of Life Science, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Yujiong Wang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for the Conservation and Utilization of Special Biological Resources of Western China, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China.,College of Life Science, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Xuezhang Zhou
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for the Conservation and Utilization of Special Biological Resources of Western China, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China.,College of Life Science, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
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Huët MAL, Muzahid NH, Lee CZ, Goh CBS, Dwiyanto J, Rahman S, Tan JBL. Molecular typing of multi-drug resistant Candida albicans isolated from the Segamat community, Malaysia. Braz J Microbiol 2021; 52:2351-2356. [PMID: 34235705 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-021-00558-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In the past decade, researchers have focused on the emergence of drug resistance in fungal pathogens such as Candida albicans, also considered as pathobionts that occur harmlessly in the human body but could potentially be triggered to cause diseases. The increasing rate of antifungal resistance in commensal gut fungi is alarming and should be further investigated. Here, we report seven novel MLST (Multi Locus Sequence Typing) genotypes of multi-drug resistant C. albicans isolates obtained from participants of a community study in Segamat, a district in the state of Johor, Malaysia. A total of eight C. albicans were isolated from four individuals, which were found to express high resistance against fluconazole, itraconazole, voriconazole and 5-fluorocytosine antifungals. MLST was performed to assess the clonal relatedness of these drug resistant isolates among themselves and against other strains isolated from other geographical regions. The novel MLST C. albicans sequence types suggest significant genetic changes compared to previous genotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Andrea Laetitia Huët
- School of Science, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, 47500, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nazmul Hasan Muzahid
- School of Science, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, 47500, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Chuen Zhang Lee
- School of Science, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, 47500, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Calvin Bok Sun Goh
- School of Science, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, 47500, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Jacky Dwiyanto
- School of Science, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, 47500, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Sadequr Rahman
- School of Science, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, 47500, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia.,Tropical Medicine & Biology Multidisciplinary Platform, Monash University Malaysia, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
| | - Joash Ban Lee Tan
- School of Science, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, 47500, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia.
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Feng W, Yang J, Ma Y, Xi Z, Zhao X, Zhao X, Zhao M. The effects of secreted aspartyl proteinase inhibitor ritonavir on azoles-resistant strains of Candida albicans as well as regulatory role of SAP2 and ERG11. Immun Inflamm Dis 2021; 9:667-680. [PMID: 33951330 PMCID: PMC8342201 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Candida albicans, the main human fungal pathogen, can cause fungal infection and seriously affect people's health and life. This study aimed to investigate the effects of ritonavir (RIT) on C. albicans and the correlation between SAP2 as well as ERG11 and drug resistance. RESULTS Secreted aspartyl proteinases (Saps) activities and pathogenicity of C. albicans with different drug resistance were measured. M27-A4 broth microdilution method was used to analyze the drug sensitivity of RIT combined with fluconazole (FCA) on C. albicans. After that, SAP2 and ERG11 mutations were examined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequencing, and quantitative real-time PCR was utilized to determine the expression of the two genes. By analyzing pz values, the Saps activity of cross-resistant strains was the highest, followed by voriconazole (VRC)-resistant strains, FCA-resistant strains, itraconazole (ITR)-resistant strains, and sensitive strains. The pathogenicity of C. albicans in descending order was as follows: cross-resistant strains, VRC-resistant strains, ITR-resistant strains, FCA-resistant strains, and sensitive strains. With the increase of RIT concentrations, the Saps activity was gradually inhibited. Drug sensitivity results showed that there was no synergistic effect between RIT and FCA. Additionally, no gene mutation sites were found in SAP2 sequencing, and 17 synonymous mutations and 6 missense mutations occurred in ERG11 sequencing. Finally, the expression of SAP2 and ERG11 was significantly higher in the resistant strains compared with the sensitive strains, and there was a positive liner correlation between SAP2 and ERG11 messenger RNA expression (r = .6655, p < .001). CONCLUSION These findings may help to improve our understanding of azole-resistant mechanisms of C. albicans and provide a novel direction for clinical therapeutics of C. albicans infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenli Feng
- The Department of Dermatovenereology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Jing Yang
- The Department of Dermatovenereology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Yan Ma
- The Department of Dermatovenereology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Zhiqin Xi
- The Department of Dermatovenereology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Xiaoqin Zhao
- The Department of Dermatovenereology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Xiaoxia Zhao
- The Department of Dermatovenereology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Min Zhao
- The Department of Dermatovenereology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
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Osman Mohamed A, Suliman Mohamed M, Abdelrahman Hussain M, Fatahalrahman Ahmed I. Detection of antifungal drug-resistant and ERG11 gene mutations among clinical isolates of Candida species isolated from Khartoum, Sudan. F1000Res 2020; 9:1050. [PMID: 34035903 PMCID: PMC8114185 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.24854.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background:
Candida species are one of the most important opportunistic fungal pathogens that cause both superficial and systemic infections, especially in immunocompromised individuals. Considering the sharp increase in the rate of
Candida infections, and resistance to commonly used antifungal agents in the last decades; this study was conducted to determine the rate of resistance among clinical isolates of
Candida species, and to characterize some of the resistant genes among resistant isolates collected in Khartoum. Methods: This is a cross-sectional laboratory-based study included 100 pre-screened
Candida species isolates from Khartoum state hospitals. Chromogenic media was used for
Candida isolation and/or identification. The standard disc diffusion method was performed to investigate the susceptibility to fluconazole, itraconazole, and amphotericin. Following genomic DNA extraction, the entire
ERG11 gene was amplified from some
C. albicans resistant isolates, sequenced, and further analyzed. Results: Out of 100 clinical isolates collected, 51% were
C. albicans, followed by
C. glabrata (31%),
C. krusie (8%),
C. tropicals (5%), and
C. dupliniens (5%). Resistance rate was 23% for fluconazole, 4% for itraconazole, while there were no amphotericin resistant isolates detected.
C. albicans
ERG11 gene sequence reveals 15 different mutations. Among these, three (D116E, E266D, and V488I) were missense mutations; however, these substitutions do not contribute to fluconazole resistance. Conclusion:
C. albicans was found to be the most common species. Resistance against fluconazole was observed most frequently; however, mutations in
ERG11 are unlikely to be the reason behind fluconazole resistance among these isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Osman Mohamed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, International University of Africa, Khartoum, 11111, Sudan.,Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sudan International University, Khartoum, 11111, Sudan
| | - Malik Suliman Mohamed
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka, Al Jouf, P.O.Box 2014, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, P. O. Box 1996, Sudan
| | - Mohamed Abdelrahman Hussain
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, International University of Africa, Khartoum, 11111, Sudan
| | - Ibrahim Fatahalrahman Ahmed
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, International University of Africa, Khartoum, 11111, Sudan
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Zhang H, Xu Q, Li S, Ying Y, Zhang Z, Zeng L, Huang X, Huang S. Gene Expression Analysis of Key Players Associated with Fluconazole Resistance in Candida albicans. Jundishapur J Microbiol 2019; 12. [DOI: 10.5812/jjm.88521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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