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Kanabar D, Kane EI, Chavan T, Laflamme TM, Suarez E, Goyal M, Gupta V, Spratt DE, Muth A. Synthesis and evaluation of 2,5-substituted pyrimidines as small-molecule gankyrin binders. Future Med Chem 2024; 16:239-251. [PMID: 38205637 PMCID: PMC10853842 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2023-0124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Gankyrin is an ankyrin-repeat protein that promotes cell proliferation, tumor development and cancer progression when overexpressed. Aim: To design and synthesize a novel series of gankyrin-binding small molecules predicated on a 2,5-pyrimidine scaffold. Materials & methods: The synthesized compounds were evaluated for their antiproliferative activity, ability to bind gankyrin and effects on cell cycle progression and the proteasomal degradation pathway. Results: Compounds 188 and 193 demonstrated the most potent antiproliferative activity against MCF7 and A549 cells, respectively. Both compounds also demonstrated the ability to effectively bind gankyrin, disrupt proteasomal degradation and inhibit cell cycle progression. Conclusion: The 2,5-pyrimidine scaffold exhibits a novel and promising strategy for binding gankyrin and inhibiting cancer cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipti Kanabar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy & Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY 11439, USA
| | - Emma I Kane
- Gustaf H. Carlson School of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Clark University, Worcester, MA 01610, USA
| | - Tejashri Chavan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy & Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY 11439, USA
| | - Taylor M Laflamme
- Gustaf H. Carlson School of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Clark University, Worcester, MA 01610, USA
| | - Ethan Suarez
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy & Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY 11439, USA
| | - Mimansa Goyal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy & Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY 11439, USA
| | - Vivek Gupta
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy & Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY 11439, USA
| | - Donald E Spratt
- Gustaf H. Carlson School of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Clark University, Worcester, MA 01610, USA
| | - Aaron Muth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy & Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY 11439, USA
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Percario R, Panaccio P, di Mola FF, Grottola T, Di Sebastiano P. The Complex Network between Inflammation and Colorectal Cancer: A Systematic Review of the Literature. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:6237. [PMID: 34944856 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13246237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Colorectal cancer is one of the most diffuse malignant pathologies, and many factors are involved in its genesis. Among these factors, inflammation plays an important role. Many molecules are involved in inflammation processes and are linked in different pathways, either in the sense of pro-tumorigenesis or anti-tumorigenic action. This review was conducted with the aim to review in a single paper the majority of actual knowledge in the literature and to comprehend inflammation patterns for better clinical and surgical management of patients. Abstract Background: colorectal cancer (CRC) has a multifactorial etiology which comprises microbiota, genetic predisposition, diet, environmental factors, and last but not least, a substantial contribution by inflammation. The aim of this study is to conduct a systematic review of the literature regarding the strong link between inflammation and colorectal cancer. Methods: A systematic review of the literature on PubMed (Medline), Scopus, Cochrane and EMBase databases was performed, following the PRISMA 2020 guidelines. Each paper was reviewed by two groups of researchers in a single-blind format by using a pre-planned Microsoft© Excel® grid. Results: Using automated research filters, 14,566 studies were included, but 1% was found significant by the reviewers. Seventy pathways of inflammation were described in the sequence of inflammation-carcinogenesis, and anti-tumorigenic molecules were also found. Conclusion: several studies suggest a strong role of inflammation in the tumorigenesis of colorectal cancer through different pathways: this may have a diagnostic and clinical role and also therapeutic purpose in preventing carcinogenesis by treating inflammation. In vitro tests support this theory, even if many other clinical trials are necessary. The present paper was registered in the OpenScience Framework registry (Identifier: DOI 10.17605/OSF.IO/2KG7T).
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Zhong L, Yang F, Gan L, Yang Z, Tian S, Huang M, Lv C, Huang L. Feng-Liao-Chang-Wei-Kang Combined with 5-Fluorouracil Synergistically Suppresses Colitis-Associated Colorectal Cancer via the IL-6/STAT3 Signalling Pathway. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2020; 2020:1395954. [PMID: 33082817 DOI: 10.1155/2020/1395954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background Colitis-associated colorectal cancer (CAC) develops from active colonic inflammation, which is characterized by the production of proinflammatory cytokines that can induce mutations. IL-6 is produced by multiple cell types located within the tumor microenvironment including tumor-infiltrating immune cells, stromal cells, and the tumor cells themselves. The aim of our study was to explore the mechanism of Feng-Liao-Chang-Wei-Kang (FLCWK) and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) in treating CAC. Method HCT116 cells were treated with 5-FU in the absence or presence of FLCWK. Cell proliferation was assayed by MTT assays. Apoptosis and the cell cycle phases were detected by flow cytometry. Western blotting and Q-PCR assays were used to detect the expression levels of proteins and genes related to the IL-6/STAT3 signalling pathway. A mouse model for CAC was established by treating animals with 12.5 mg/kg azoxymethane (AOM) followed by 3 cycles of 2.5% dextran sodium sulphate (DSS). The associated pathological changes were determined after haematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining. The expression of related proteins and genes in various tissues was examined using immunofluorescence techniques. Results FLCWK enhanced the ability of 5-FU to promote apoptosis by inhibiting the proliferation of HCT116 cells and blocking the IL-6/STAT3 pathway. FLCWK combined with 5-FU reduced the number and size of colon tumors in mice with CAC and significantly increased their survival rate. In the CAC model, FLCWK synergized with 5-FU to inhibit the phosphorylation of STAT3, preventing IL-6/STAT3 signal transduction and thus further inducing apoptosis and inhibition of colon cancer cell proliferation. Conclusion FLCWK can inhibit the activation of STAT3 by reducing the production of IL-6, thereby increasing the occurrence of colitis-related colorectal cancer with 5-FU.
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Wang Z, Liang Y, Yu J, Zhang D, Ren L, Zhang Z, Liu Y, Wu X, Liu L, Tang Z. Guchang Zhixie Wan protects mice against dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis through modulating the gut microbiota in colon. J Ethnopharmacol 2020; 260:112991. [PMID: 32442592 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.112991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Guchang Zhixie Wan (GC) is a traditional Chinese patent medicine used in the treatment of colitis in clinical trials. Though the notable effect of GC on colitis, the concrete mechanism of GC remain elusive. Emerging evidence showed that the imbalances of inflammatory cytokines and gut microbiota were both closely related to the initiation and progression of colitis. AIM OF THE STUDY To elucidate the relationship between the protective effects of GC on colitis and gut microbiota. MATERIALS AND METHODS Male Kunming (KM) mice were enrolled in our work to establish colitis model induced by dextran sulfate sodium (DSS). The colitis mice were randomly divided into different groups and treated orally with 125 mg/kg of sulfasalazine (positive control) and 25, 50, 100 mg/kg of GC for 7 days, respectively. Inflammation cytokines of IL-1β, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-11, IL-12 and TNF-α were detected by ELISA analysis and the histological changes were detected by H&E staining. Gut microbiota diversity was analyzed by 16S rDNA sequencing. Metagenomes analysis were also conducted to reflect the protective effects of GC on colitis. RESULTS The results of CAS (Clinical Activity Score) confirmed the protective effects of GC on colitis. After administration of GC, the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-11, IL-12 and TNF-α were all decreased while the anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-4 was slightly increased, indicating that GC could down regulate pro-inflammatory cytokines. H&E staining revealed that GC could improve the histopathological structure of the colon tissue. The results of 16S rDNA sequences analysis showed that GC could decrease the relative abundance of Turicibacter and increase the relative abundance of Ruminococcaceae_UCG-005. CONCLUSION GC greatly improve the health condition of colitis mice induced by DSS through improving the imbalances of inflammatory cytokines and gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Wang
- Shaanxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicine Resources Industrialization, State Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Characteristic Qin Medicine Resources (Cultivation), Shaanxi Innovative Drug Research Center, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, 712083, China.
| | - Yanni Liang
- Shaanxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicine Resources Industrialization, State Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Characteristic Qin Medicine Resources (Cultivation), Shaanxi Innovative Drug Research Center, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, 712083, China.
| | - Jingao Yu
- Shaanxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicine Resources Industrialization, State Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Characteristic Qin Medicine Resources (Cultivation), Shaanxi Innovative Drug Research Center, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, 712083, China.
| | - Dongbo Zhang
- Shaanxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicine Resources Industrialization, State Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Characteristic Qin Medicine Resources (Cultivation), Shaanxi Innovative Drug Research Center, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, 712083, China.
| | - Langlang Ren
- Shaanxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicine Resources Industrialization, State Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Characteristic Qin Medicine Resources (Cultivation), Shaanxi Innovative Drug Research Center, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, 712083, China.
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Shaanxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicine Resources Industrialization, State Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Characteristic Qin Medicine Resources (Cultivation), Shaanxi Innovative Drug Research Center, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, 712083, China.
| | - Yanru Liu
- Shaanxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicine Resources Industrialization, State Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Characteristic Qin Medicine Resources (Cultivation), Shaanxi Innovative Drug Research Center, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, 712083, China.
| | - Xue Wu
- Shaanxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicine Resources Industrialization, State Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Characteristic Qin Medicine Resources (Cultivation), Shaanxi Innovative Drug Research Center, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, 712083, China.
| | - Li Liu
- Shaanxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicine Resources Industrialization, State Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Characteristic Qin Medicine Resources (Cultivation), Shaanxi Innovative Drug Research Center, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, 712083, China.
| | - Zhishu Tang
- Shaanxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicine Resources Industrialization, State Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Characteristic Qin Medicine Resources (Cultivation), Shaanxi Innovative Drug Research Center, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, 712083, China.
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Kanabar D, Farrales P, Kabir A, Juang D, Gnanmony M, Almasri J, Torrents N, Shukla S, Gupta V, Dukhande VV, D'Souza A, Muth A. Optimizing the aryl-triazole of cjoc42 for enhanced gankyrin binding and anti-cancer activity. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2020; 30:127372. [PMID: 32738965 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2020.127372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Gankyrin is an oncoprotein overexpressed in numerous cancer types and appears to play a key role in regulating cell proliferation, cell growth, and cell migration. These roles are largely due to gankyrin's protein-protein interaction with the 26S proteasome. We previously published a study exploring the aryl sulfonate ester of cjoc42 in an effort to enhance gankyrin binding and inhibit cancer cell proliferation. In order to further improve the gankyrin binding ability of the cjoc42 scaffold, an extensive SAR for the aryl-triazole moiety of cjoc42 was developed. Our cjoc42 derivatives exhibited enhanced gankyrin binding, as well as enhanced antiproliferative activity against Hep3B, HepG2, A549, and MDA-MB-231 cancer cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipti Kanabar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY 11439, USA
| | - Pamela Farrales
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY 11439, USA
| | - Abbas Kabir
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY 11439, USA
| | - Daniel Juang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY 11439, USA
| | - Manu Gnanmony
- Department of Pediatrics, Hematology and Oncology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Joseph Almasri
- Department of Chemistry, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY 11439, USA
| | - Nicolas Torrents
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY 11439, USA
| | - Snehal Shukla
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY 11439, USA
| | - Vivek Gupta
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY 11439, USA
| | - Vikas V Dukhande
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY 11439, USA
| | - Amber D'Souza
- Department of Pediatrics, Hematology and Oncology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Aaron Muth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY 11439, USA
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Nemec AA, Peterson AK, Warnock JL, Reed RG, Tomko RJ Jr. An Allosteric Interaction Network Promotes Conformation State-Dependent Eviction of the Nas6 Assembly Chaperone from Nascent 26S Proteasomes. Cell Rep 2019; 26:483-495.e5. [PMID: 30625330 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.12.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Revised: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The 26S proteasome is the central ATP-dependent protease in eukaryotes and is essential for organismal health. Proteasome assembly is mediated by several dedicated, evolutionarily conserved chaperone proteins. These chaperones associate transiently with assembly intermediates but are absent from mature proteasomes. Chaperone eviction upon completion of proteasome assembly is necessary for normal proteasome function, but how they are released remains unresolved. Here, we demonstrate that the Nas6 assembly chaperone, homolog of the human oncogene gankyrin, is evicted from nascent proteasomes during completion of assembly via a conformation-specific allosteric interaction of the Rpn5 subunit with the proteasomal ATPase ring. Subsequent ATP binding by the ATPase subunit Rpt3 promotes conformational remodeling of the ATPase ring that evicts Nas6 from the nascent proteasome. Our study demonstrates how assembly-coupled allosteric signals promote chaperone eviction and provides a framework for understanding the eviction of other chaperones from this bio-medically important molecular machine. Nemec et al. report how the evolutionarily conserved Nas6 assembly chaperone is evicted from nascent 26S proteasomes. Nucleotide binding events within the nascent proteasome trigger formation of conformation-specific intersubunit contacts that expel Nas6. This mechanism may serve a quality control function by blocking formation of 26S proteasomes from defective components.
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Kanabar D, Farrales P, Gnanamony M, Almasri J, Abo-Ali EM, Otmankel Y, Shah H, Nguyen D, El Menyewi M, Dukhande VV, D'Souza A, Muth A. Structural modification of the aryl sulfonate ester of cjoc42 for enhanced gankyrin binding and anti-cancer activity. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2020; 30:126889. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2019.126889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Revised: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Sakurai T, Nishiyama H, Nagai T, Goto S, Ogata H, Kudo M. Deficiency of Gankyrin in the small intestine is associated with augmented colitis accompanied by altered bacterial composition of intestinal microbiota. BMC Gastroenterol 2020; 20:12. [PMID: 31941439 PMCID: PMC6964040 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-019-1156-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Gankyrin (GK) is an oncoprotein which regulates inflammatory responses and its inhibition is considered as a possible anti-inflammatory therapy for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Methods In this study, we investigated the role of GK in epithelial cells using mice with intestinal epithelial cell-specific GK deletion in (i) the entire small intestine and colon (Villin-Cre;Gankyrinf/f) and (ii) the distal intestine and colon (Cdx2-Cre;Gankyrinf/f). Result Unexpectedly, GK-deficiency in the upper small bowel augmented inflammatory activity compared with control mice when colitis was induced with dextran sodium sulfate. Biochemical analyses have revealed GK-deficiency to have caused reduction in the expression of antimicrobial peptides, α-Defensin-5 and -6, in the upper small bowel. Examination of human samples have further confirmed that the reduction of GK expression in the small bowel is associated with colonic involvement in human Crohn’s disease. Through the sequencing of bacterial 16S rRNA gene amplicons, bacteria potentially deleterious to intestinal homeostasis such as Helicobacter japonicum and Bilophila were found to be over-represented in colitis induced Villin-Cre;Gankyrinf/f mice when compared to Gankyrinf/f control mice under the same condition. Conclusion These results highlight the distinct site dependence of the pro- and anti-inflammatory functions of GK and provide important insights into the pathogenesis of IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiharu Sakurai
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, 377-2, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka, 589-8511, Japan.
| | - Hiroki Nishiyama
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, 611-0011, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Nagai
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, 377-2, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka, 589-8511, Japan
| | - Susumu Goto
- Database Center for Life Science, Joint-Support Center for Data Science Research, Research Organization of Information and Systems, Wakashiba, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-0871, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Ogata
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, 611-0011, Japan.
| | - Masatoshi Kudo
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, 377-2, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka, 589-8511, Japan
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Wang Z, Liang Y, Zhang D, Wu X, Yu J, Zhang Z, Li Y, Sun C, Tang Z, Liu L. Protective Effects of Polysaccharide Extracted from Portulacae oleracea L. on Colitis Induced by Dextran Sulfate Sodium. J Med Food 2019; 23:125-131. [PMID: 31770044 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2019.4414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Polysaccharide from Ma-chi-xian (Portulacae oleracea L., POLP) was prepared and the therapeutic effect on dextran sodium sulfate-induced colitis mice was investigated in this study. The results of clinical activity score and H&E staining confirmed the therapeutic effect of POLP. POLP could diminished the symptoms of colitis and improve colon histopathological structure of the colitis mice. The expression levels of four cytokines were determined. The concentrations of PGE2 and IL-6 were downregulated by POLP treatment. The COX-2 protein expression levels and the STAT3 phosphorylation levels were detected. The results showed that these two protein levels were all increased in colitis and decreased after POLP treatment, indicating that these two proteins were closely related with the protective effect of POLP. Because the synthesis of PGE2 is catalyzed by COX-2 and phosphorylation of STAT3 can induce the expression of COX-2, it was concluded that STAT3 was a key protein related to the POLP exerting its activity in colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Wang
- Shaanxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicine Resources Industrialization, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xian Yang, China
| | - Yanni Liang
- Shaanxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicine Resources Industrialization, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xian Yang, China
| | - Dongbo Zhang
- Shaanxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicine Resources Industrialization, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xian Yang, China
| | - Xue Wu
- Shaanxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicine Resources Industrialization, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xian Yang, China
| | - Jingao Yu
- Shaanxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicine Resources Industrialization, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xian Yang, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Shaanxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicine Resources Industrialization, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xian Yang, China
| | - Yi Li
- Shaanxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicine Resources Industrialization, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xian Yang, China
| | - Chen Sun
- Shaanxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicine Resources Industrialization, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xian Yang, China
| | - Zhishu Tang
- Shaanxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicine Resources Industrialization, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xian Yang, China
| | - Li Liu
- Shaanxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicine Resources Industrialization, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xian Yang, China
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Abstract
Gankyrin (also called PSMD10, p28, or p28GANK) is a crucial oncoprotein that is upregulated in various cancers and assumed to play pivotal roles in the initiation and progression of tumors. Although the in vitro function of gankyrin is relatively well characterized, its role in vivo remains to be elucidated. We have investigated the function of gankyrin in vivo by producing mice with liver parenchymal cell-specific gankyrin ablation (Alb-Cre;gankyrinf/f) and gankyrin deletion both in liver parenchymal and in non-parenchymal cells (Mx1-Cre;gankyrinf/f). Gankyrin deficiency both in non-parenchymal cells and parenchymal cells, but not in parenchymal cells alone, reduced STAT3 activity, interleukin-6 production, and cancer stem cell marker expression, leading to attenuated tumorigenic potential in the diethylnitrosamine hepatocarcinogenesis model. Essentially similar results were obtained by analyzing mice with intestinal epithelial cell-specific gankyrin ablation (Villin-Cre;Gankyrinf/f) and gankyrin deletion both in myeloid and epithelial cells (Mx1-Cre;Gankyrinf/f) in the colitis-associated cancer model. Clinically, gankyrin expression in the tumor microenvironment was negatively correlated with progression-free survival in patients undergoing treatment with Sorafenib for hepatocellular carcinomas. These findings indicate important roles played by gankyrin in non-parenchymal cells as well as parenchymal cells in the pathogenesis of liver cancers and colorectal cancers, and suggest that by acting both on cancer cells and on the tumor microenvironment, anti-gankyrin agents would be promising as therapeutic and preventive strategies against various cancers, and that an in vitro cell culture models that incorporate the effects of non-parenchymal cells and gankyrin would be useful for the study of human cell transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Fujita
- Department of Radiation Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
| | - Toshiharu Sakurai
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Faculty of Medicine, Kindai University, Osaka, Japan
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Wang Z, Wang L, Wu X, Pan YL, Xie P, Pei G, Liang YN, Tang ZS, Liu L. Polysaccharide extracted from Portulacae Oleracea L. exerts protective effects against dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis through inhibition of NF-κB. Am J Transl Res 2018; 10:2502-2510. [PMID: 30210688 PMCID: PMC6129545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 07/07/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Portulacae Oleracea L. (POL) is a traditional Chinese medicine and also an edible vegetable used to treat diarrhea in china for thousands years. Though the therapeutic effect has been proved in clinical trials, the concrete effective component and mechanisms remained elusive. Polysaccharide from POL has been extracted previously and the experiment suggested that POLP could diminish the weight loss and improve the health conditions of mice with DSS induced colitis. Hematoxylin & eosin staining revealed that POLP could improve the histopathological structure of the colon tissue. For the notably variation curve of TNF-α in control, colitis and treatment group, NF-κB was enrolled to investigate the molecular mechanisms of the protective effect of POLP. The protein expression level of NF-κBp65 in cytoplasm increased after POLP treatment of the induced colitis. However, the protein level of NF-κBp65 in the nucleus decreased after administration of POLP. The expression levels of IκBα and NF-κB related proteins Bcl-2 and survivin were also detected and the results suggested that POLP could inhibit the degradation of IκBα and decrease the protein levels of Bcl-2 and Survivin in colitis. It was concluded that POLP could improve the health condition of mice with DSS induced colitis and the mechanisms were closely related with NF-κB via inhibiting the degradation of IκBα.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Wang
- Shaanxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of New Drugs and Chinese Medicine Foundation Research, Shaanxi Rheumatism and Tumor Center of TCM Engineering Technology Research, Shaanxi University of Chinese MedicineXianyang 712083, China
| | - Li Wang
- Shaanxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of New Drugs and Chinese Medicine Foundation Research, Shaanxi Rheumatism and Tumor Center of TCM Engineering Technology Research, Shaanxi University of Chinese MedicineXianyang 712083, China
| | - Xue Wu
- Shaanxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of New Drugs and Chinese Medicine Foundation Research, Shaanxi Rheumatism and Tumor Center of TCM Engineering Technology Research, Shaanxi University of Chinese MedicineXianyang 712083, China
| | - Ya-Lei Pan
- Shaanxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of New Drugs and Chinese Medicine Foundation Research, Shaanxi Rheumatism and Tumor Center of TCM Engineering Technology Research, Shaanxi University of Chinese MedicineXianyang 712083, China
| | - Pei Xie
- Shaanxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of New Drugs and Chinese Medicine Foundation Research, Shaanxi Rheumatism and Tumor Center of TCM Engineering Technology Research, Shaanxi University of Chinese MedicineXianyang 712083, China
| | - Gang Pei
- School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese MedicineChangsha 410208, Hunan, China
| | - Yan-Ni Liang
- Shaanxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of New Drugs and Chinese Medicine Foundation Research, Shaanxi Rheumatism and Tumor Center of TCM Engineering Technology Research, Shaanxi University of Chinese MedicineXianyang 712083, China
| | - Zhi-Shu Tang
- Shaanxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of New Drugs and Chinese Medicine Foundation Research, Shaanxi Rheumatism and Tumor Center of TCM Engineering Technology Research, Shaanxi University of Chinese MedicineXianyang 712083, China
| | - Li Liu
- Shaanxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of New Drugs and Chinese Medicine Foundation Research, Shaanxi Rheumatism and Tumor Center of TCM Engineering Technology Research, Shaanxi University of Chinese MedicineXianyang 712083, China
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Li H, Zhang J, Zhen C, Yang B, Feng L. Gankyrin as a potential target for tumor therapy: evidence and perspectives. Am J Transl Res 2018; 10:1949-1960. [PMID: 30093934 PMCID: PMC6079124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Gankyrin (also known as PSMD10 or p28GANK), engages in diverse biological processes, including cellular growth, proliferation and invasion. Several studies have demonstrated that Gankyrin is a candidate oncogene. In parallel, the dysregulation of Gankyrin has been observered in a variety of human cancer. Overexpression of Gankyrin is involved in tumor initiation and progression by regulating several signaling pathways that control cell-cycle process, cell growth, apoptosis, et al. On the contrary, downregulation of Gankyrin significantly inhibits cell growth, proliferation and metastasis. Therefore, Gankyrin appears to be a potential target for tumor therapy. Herein, this review summarizes the current knowledge in understanding the biological functions and oncogenic role of Gankyrin in human cancers from the perspective of clinical-pathological significances, aiming to provide guidance for the development of Gankyrin-targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haixai Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityBeijing 100050, China
| | - Junyan Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityBeijing 100050, China
| | - Cheng Zhen
- Beijing 302 HospitalBeijing 100039, China
| | - Baojun Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityBeijing 100050, China
| | - Limin Feng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityBeijing 100050, China
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13
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Wang Z, Wu X, Wang CL, Wang L, Sun C, Zhang DB, Liu JL, Liang YN, Tang DX, Tang ZS. Tryptanthrin Protects Mice against Dextran Sulfate Sodium-Induced Colitis through Inhibition of TNF-α/NF-κB and IL-6/STAT3 Pathways. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23051062. [PMID: 29724065 PMCID: PMC6099556 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23051062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Revised: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a notable health problem and may considerably affect the quality of human life. Previously, the protective roles of tryptanthrin (TRYP) against dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) induced colitis has been proved, but the concrete mechanism remained elusive. It has been suggested that TRYP could diminish the weight loss and improve the health conditions of mice with DSS induced colitis. Hematoxylin and eosin staining revealed that TRYP could improve the histopathological structure of the colon tissue. Two signaling pathways (TNF-α/NF-κBp65 and IL-6/STAT3) were investigated using immunochemistry and western blot. The detected concentrations of the two cytokines TNF-α and IL-6 showed that their levels decreased after TRYP treatment of the colitis. The protein expression level of NF-κBp65 in cytoplasm increased after TRYP treatment of the induced colitis. However, the protein level of NF-κBp65 in the nucleus decreased after administration of TRYP. The expression level of IκBα, the inhibitory protein of NF-κBp65, was tested and the results suggested that TRYP could inhibit the degradation of IκBα. The phosphorylation level of STAT3 was inhibited by TRYP and the expression level of STAT3 and p-STAT3 decreased after administration of TRYP. We conclude that TRYP improves the health condition of mice with DSS induced colitis by regulating the TNF-α/NF-κBp65 and IL-6/STAT3 signaling pathways via inhibiting the degradation of IκBα and the phosphorylation of STAT3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Wang
- Shaanxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang 712083, China.
- Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of New Drugs and Chinese Medicine Foundation Research, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang 712083, China.
- Shaanxi Rheumatism and Tumor Center of TCM Engineering Technology Research, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang 712083, China.
| | - Xue Wu
- Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of New Drugs and Chinese Medicine Foundation Research, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang 712083, China.
| | - Cui-Ling Wang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China.
| | - Li Wang
- Shaanxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang 712083, China.
| | - Chen Sun
- Shaanxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang 712083, China.
| | - Dong-Bo Zhang
- Shaanxi Rheumatism and Tumor Center of TCM Engineering Technology Research, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang 712083, China.
| | - Jian-Li Liu
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China.
| | - Yan-Ni Liang
- Shaanxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang 712083, China.
| | - Dong-Xin Tang
- Guizhou Province Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang University of Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550002, China.
| | - Zhi-Shu Tang
- Shaanxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang 712083, China.
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Papanagnou P, Stivarou T, Papageorgiou I, Papadopoulos GE, Pappas A. Marketed drugs used for the management of hypercholesterolemia as anticancer armament. Onco Targets Ther 2017; 10:4393-4411. [PMID: 28932124 PMCID: PMC5598753 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s140483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The design of novel pharmacologic agents as well as their approval for sale in markets all over the world is a tedious and pricey process. Inevitably, oncologic patients commonly experience unwanted effects of new anticancer drugs, while the acquisition of clinical experience for these drugs is largely based on doctor–patient partnership which is not always effective. The repositioning of marketed non-antineoplastic drugs that hopefully exhibit anticancer properties into the field of oncology is a challenging option that gains ground and attracts preclinical and clinical research in an effort to override all these hindrances and minimize the risk for reduced efficacy and/or personalized toxicity. This review aims to present the anticancer properties of drugs used for the management of hypercholesterolemia. A global view of the antitumorigenicity of all marketed antihypercholesterolemic drugs is of major importance, given that atherosclerosis, which is etiologically linked to hypercholesterolemia, is a leading worldwide cause of morbidity and mortality, while hypercholesterolemia and tumorigenesis are known to be interrelated. In vitro, in vivo and clinical literature data accumulated so far outline the mechanistic basis of the antitumor function of these agents and how they could find application at the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Theodora Stivarou
- Immunology Laboratory, Immunology Department, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, Athens, Greece
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Sakurai T, Yada N, Hagiwara S, Arizumi T, Minaga K, Kamata K, Takenaka M, Minami Y, Watanabe T, Nishida N, Kudo M. Gankyrin induces STAT3 activation in tumor microenvironment and sorafenib resistance in hepatocellular carcinoma. Cancer Sci 2017; 108:1996-2003. [PMID: 28777492 PMCID: PMC5623735 DOI: 10.1111/cas.13341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Revised: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 07/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Most hepatocellular carcinomas (HCC) develop as a result of chronic liver inflammation. We have shown that the oncoprotein gankyrin is critical for inflammation‐induced tumorigenesis in the colon. Although the in vitro function of gankyrin is well known, its role in vivo remains to be elucidated. We investigated the effect of gankyrin in the tumor microenvironment of mice with liver parenchymal cell‐specific gankyrin ablation (Alb‐Cre;gankyrinf/f) and gankyrin deletion both in liver parenchymal and non‐parenchymal cells (Mx1‐Cre;gankyrinf/f). Gankyrin upregulates vascular endothelial growth factor expression in tumor cells. Gankyrin binds to Src homology 2 domain‐containing protein tyrosine phosphatase‐1 (SHP‐1), mainly expressed in liver non‐parenchymal cells, resulting in phosphorylation and activation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3). Gankyrin deficiency in non‐parenchymal cells, but not in parenchymal cells, reduced STAT3 activity, interleukin (IL)‐6 production, and cancer stem cell marker (Bmi1 and epithelial cell adhesion molecule [EpCAM]) expression, leading to attenuated tumorigenic potential. Chronic inflammation enhances gankyrin expression in the human liver. Gankyrin expression in the tumor microenvironment is negatively correlated with progression‐free survival in patients undergoing sorafenib treatment for HCC. Thus, gankyrin appears to play a critical oncogenic function in tumor microenvironment and may be a potential target for developing therapeutic and preventive strategies against HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiharu Sakurai
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Faculty of Medicine, Kindai University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Norihisa Yada
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Faculty of Medicine, Kindai University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Satoru Hagiwara
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Faculty of Medicine, Kindai University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tadaaki Arizumi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Faculty of Medicine, Kindai University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kosuke Minaga
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Faculty of Medicine, Kindai University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ken Kamata
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Faculty of Medicine, Kindai University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Mamoru Takenaka
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Faculty of Medicine, Kindai University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yasunori Minami
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Faculty of Medicine, Kindai University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Watanabe
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Faculty of Medicine, Kindai University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Naoshi Nishida
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Faculty of Medicine, Kindai University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Kudo
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Faculty of Medicine, Kindai University, Osaka, Japan
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