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Samaržija I. The Potential of Extracellular Matrix- and Integrin Adhesion Complex-Related Molecules for Prostate Cancer Biomarker Discovery. Biomedicines 2023; 12:79. [PMID: 38255186 PMCID: PMC10813710 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12010079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Revised: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is among the top five cancer types according to incidence and mortality. One of the main obstacles in prostate cancer management is the inability to foresee its course, which ranges from slow growth throughout years that requires minimum or no intervention to highly aggressive disease that spreads quickly and resists treatment. Therefore, it is not surprising that numerous studies have attempted to find biomarkers of prostate cancer occurrence, risk stratification, therapy response, and patient outcome. However, only a few prostate cancer biomarkers are used in clinics, which shows how difficult it is to find a novel biomarker. Cell adhesion to the extracellular matrix (ECM) through integrins is among the essential processes that govern its fate. Upon activation and ligation, integrins form multi-protein intracellular structures called integrin adhesion complexes (IACs). In this review article, the focus is put on the biomarker potential of the ECM- and IAC-related molecules stemming from both body fluids and prostate cancer tissue. The processes that they are involved in, such as tumor stiffening, bone turnover, and communication via exosomes, and their biomarker potential are also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Samaržija
- Laboratory for Epigenomics, Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruđer Bošković Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
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2
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Macke AJ, Pachikov AN, Divita TE, Morris ME, LaGrange CA, Holzapfel MS, Kubyshkin AV, Zyablitskaya EY, Makalish TP, Eremenko SN, Qiu H, Riethoven JJM, Hemstreet GP, Petrosyan AA. Targeting the ATF6-Mediated ER Stress Response and Autophagy Blocks Integrin-Driven Prostate Cancer Progression. Mol Cancer Res 2023; 21:958-974. [PMID: 37314749 PMCID: PMC10527559 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-23-0108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Prostate cancer progression to the lethal metastatic castration-resistant phenotype (mCRPC) is driven by αv integrins and is associated with Golgi disorganization and activation of the ATF6 branch of unfolded protein response (UPR). Overexpression of integrins requires N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase-V (MGAT5)-mediated glycosylation and subsequent cluster formation with Galectin-3 (Gal-3). However, the mechanism underlying this altered glycosylation is missing. For the first time, using HALO analysis of IHC, we found a strong association of integrin αv and Gal-3 at the plasma membrane (PM) in primary prostate cancer and mCRPC samples. We discovered that MGAT5 activation is caused by Golgi fragmentation and mislocalization of its competitor, N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase-III, MGAT3, from Golgi to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). This was validated in an ethanol-induced model of ER stress, where alcohol treatment in androgen-refractory PC-3 and DU145 cells or alcohol consumption in patient with prostate cancer samples aggravates Golgi scattering, activates MGAT5, and enhances integrin expression at PM. This explains known link between alcohol consumption and prostate cancer mortality. ATF6 depletion significantly blocks UPR and reduces the number of Golgi fragments in both PC-3 and DU145 cells. Inhibition of autophagy by hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) restores compact Golgi, rescues MGAT3 intra-Golgi localization, blocks glycan modification via MGAT5, and abrogates delivery of Gal-3 to the cell surface. Importantly, the loss of Gal-3 leads to reduced integrins at PM and their accelerated internalization. ATF6 depletion and HCQ treatment synergistically decrease integrin αv and Gal-3 expression and temper orthotopic tumor growth and metastasis. IMPLICATIONS Combined ablation of ATF6 and autophagy can serve as new mCRPC therapeutic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda J. Macke
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA, 68198
- The Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, Omaha, NE, USA, 68198
| | - Artem N. Pachikov
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA, 68198
- The Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, Omaha, NE, USA, 68198
| | - Taylor E. Divita
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA, 68198
- The Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, Omaha, NE, USA, 68198
| | - Mary E. Morris
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA, 68198
| | - Chad A. LaGrange
- Division of Urologic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA, 68198
| | - Melissa S. Holzapfel
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA, 68198
| | - Anatoly V. Kubyshkin
- Department of Pathological Physiology, Medical Academy named after S. I. Georgievsky, V. I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University, Simferopol, Russia, 295051
| | - Evgeniya Y. Zyablitskaya
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Medical Academy named after S. I. Georgievsky, V. I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University, Simferopol, Russia, 295051
| | - Tatiana P. Makalish
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Medical Academy named after S. I. Georgievsky, V. I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University, Simferopol, Russia, 295051
| | - Sergey N. Eremenko
- Saint Luc’s Clinique, V. I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University, Simferopol, Russia, 295051
| | - Haowen Qiu
- Center for Biotechnology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA, 68588
| | - Jean-Jack M. Riethoven
- Center for Biotechnology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA, 68588
- Department of Statistics, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA, 68588
| | - George P. Hemstreet
- Division of Urologic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA, 68198
- Omaha Western Iowa Health Care System Urology, VA Service, Department of Research Service, Omaha, NE, USA, 68105
| | - and Armen Petrosyan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA, 68198
- The Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, Omaha, NE, USA, 68198
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Zhou X, Zhu H, Luo C, Xiao H, Zou X, Zou J, Zhang G. Targeting integrin α5β1 in urological tumors: opportunities and challenges. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1165073. [PMID: 37483505 PMCID: PMC10358839 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1165073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Urological tumors, such as prostate cancer, renal cell carcinoma, and bladder cancer, have shown a significant rise in prevalence in recent years and account for a significant proportion of malignant tumors. It has been established that metastasis to distant organs caused by urological tumors is the main cause of death, although the mechanisms underlying metastasis have not been fully elucidated. The fibronectin receptor integrin α5β1 reportedly plays an important role in distant metastasis and is closely related to tumor development. It is widely thought to be an important cancer mediator by interacting with different ligands, mediating tumor adhesion, invasion, and migration, and leading to immune escape. In this paper, we expound on the relationship and regulatory mechanisms of integrin α5β1 in these three cancers. In addition, the clinical applications of integrin α5β1 in these cancers, especially against treatment resistance, are discussed. Last but not least, the possibility of integrin α5β1 as a potential target for treatment is examined, with new ideas for future research being proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuming Zhou
- The First Clinical College, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Hezhen Zhu
- The First Clinical College, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Cong Luo
- The First Clinical College, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Huan Xiao
- The First Clinical College, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Xiaofeng Zou
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
- Institute of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
- Jiangxi Engineering Technology Research Center of Calculi Prevention, Ganzhou, China
| | - Junrong Zou
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
- Institute of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
- Jiangxi Engineering Technology Research Center of Calculi Prevention, Ganzhou, China
| | - Guoxi Zhang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
- Institute of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
- Jiangxi Engineering Technology Research Center of Calculi Prevention, Ganzhou, China
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Geng X, Chang B, Shan J. Role and correlation of exosomes and integrins in bone metastasis of prostate cancer. Andrologia 2022; 54:e14550. [PMID: 35934932 DOI: 10.1111/and.14550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the most prevalent tumours of the male genitourinary system in the world. In recent years, the morbidity of PCa is steadily rising annually in China. Prostate cancer is prone to distant metastasis, and the most significant complication among patients with advanced PCa is bone metastases. Most patients with prostate cancer do not die of the primary tumour, but more due to the factors of distant metastasis of organs, especially bone metastasis. Due to the lack of effective prevention and monitoring of bone metastasis of PCa in clinical settings, and the lack of effective treatment for patients with bone metastasis, the prognosis of patients is often poor. Therefore, early prevention, early detection, and inhibition of bone metastasis are particularly important. At present, many studies have found that exosomes and integrins are closely related to bone metastasis of prostate cancer, but they have not been summarized together. This review summarizes the literature on the effects of exosomes and integrins on bone metastasis of prostate cancer in recent years. It aims to find more effective ways to prevent, monitor, and treat prostate cancer from the relationship between them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Geng
- Department of Urology, Suzhou Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Suzhou, China
| | - Baoyuan Chang
- Department of Urology, Suzhou Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jiahao Shan
- Department of Urology, Suzhou Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Suzhou, China
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Destouni M, Lazaris AC, Tzelepi V. Cribriform Patterned Lesions in the Prostate Gland with Emphasis on Differential Diagnosis and Clinical Significance. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14133041. [PMID: 35804812 PMCID: PMC9264941 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14133041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary A cribriform structure is defined as a continuous proliferation of cells with intermingled lumina. Various entities may have a cribriform morphology within the prostate gland, ranging from normal, to benign, to borderline and even to malignant lesions. This review summarizes the morphologic features of entities that have a cribriform morphology within the prostate gland, with an emphasis on their differential diagnosis, molecular profile and clinical significance. The basic aim is to assist the pathologist with challenging and controversial cases and inform the clinician on the clinical implications of cribriform morphology. Abstract Cribriform glandular formations are characterized by a continuous proliferation of cells with intermingled lumina and can constitute a major or minor part of physiologic (normal central zone glands), benign (clear cell cribriform hyperplasia and basal cell hyperplasia), premalignant (high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia), borderline (atypical intraductal cribriform proliferation) or clearly malignant (intraductal, acinar, ductal and basal cell carcinoma) lesions. Each displays a different clinical course and variability in clinical management and prognosis. The aim of this review is to summarize the current knowledge regarding the morphological features, differential diagnosis, molecular profile and clinical significance of the cribriform-patterned entities of the prostate gland. Areas of controversy regarding their management, i.e., the grading of Intaductal Carcinoma, will also be discussed. Understanding the distinct nature of each cribriform lesion leads to the correct diagnosis and ensures accuracy in clinical decision-making, prognosis prediction and personalized risk stratification of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Destouni
- Department of Cytopathology, Hippokrateion General Hospital of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece;
| | - Andreas C. Lazaris
- First Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, The National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece;
| | - Vasiliki Tzelepi
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece
- Correspondence:
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Siech C, Rutz J, Maxeiner S, Grein T, Sonnenburg M, Tsaur I, Chun FK, Blaheta RA. Insulin-like Growth Factor-1 Influences Prostate Cancer Cell Growth and Invasion through an Integrin α3, α5, αV, and β1 Dependent Mechanism. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:363. [PMID: 35053528 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14020363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 01/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) is a growth hormone and is implicated in prostate cancer progression. Most prostate cancers begin in an androgen-dependent state so that androgen deprivation therapy results in improved clinical outcome. However, some cancerous cells may survive androgen deprivation, growing into therapy-resistant, androgen-independent prostate cancer. The present study investigated the influence of IGF-1 on tumor growth and migration properties using androgen-dependent LNCaP and VCaP and androgen-independent PC3 and DU145 prostate cancer cells. Stimulation with IGF-1 activated growth in all cell lines. There were changes in transmembrane receptors (integrins) that bind cells to each other and changes in focal adhesion kinase that controls cell motility. Intracellular Akt/mTOR signaling, regulating cell division, was also activated. Thus, it seems that prostate cancer progression is controlled by a fine-tuned network between IGF-1-driven integrin-FAK signaling and the Akt-mTOR pathway. Concerted targeting of both pathways may, therefore, help prevent cancer dissemination. Abstract Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1)-related signaling is associated with prostate cancer progression. Links were explored between IGF-1 and expression of integrin adhesion receptors to evaluate relevance for growth and migration. Androgen-resistant PC3 and DU145 and androgen-sensitive LNCaP and VCaP prostate cancer cells were stimulated with IGF-1 and tumor growth (all cell lines), adhesion and chemotaxis (PC3, DU145) were determined. Evaluation of Akt/mTOR-related proteins, focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and integrin α and β subtype expression followed. Akt knock-down was used to investigate its influence on integrin expression, while FAK blockade served to evaluate its influence on mTOR signaling. Integrin knock-down served to investigate its influence on tumor growth and chemotaxis. Stimulation with IGF-1 activated growth in PC3, DU145, and VCaP cells, and altered adhesion and chemotactic properties of DU145 and PC3 cells. This was associated with time-dependent alterations of the integrins α3, α5, αV, and β1, FAK phosphorylation and Akt/mTOR signaling. Integrin blockade or integrin knock-down in DU145 and PC3 cells altered tumor growth, adhesion, and chemotaxis. Akt knock-down (DU145 cells) cancelled the effect of IGF-1 on α3, α5, and αV integrins, whereas FAK blockade cancelled the effect of IGF-1 on mTOR signaling (DU145 cells). Prostate cancer growth and invasion are thus controlled by a fine-tuned network between IGF-1 driven integrin-FAK signaling and the Akt-mTOR pathway. Concerted targeting of integrin subtypes along with Akt-mTOR signaling could, therefore, open options to prevent progressive dissemination of prostate cancer.
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Rutz J, Benchellal A, Kassabra W, Maxeiner S, Bernd A, Kippenberger S, Zöller N, Chun FKH, Juengel E, Blaheta RA. Growth, Proliferation and Metastasis of Prostate Cancer Cells Is Blocked by Low-Dose Curcumin in Combination with Light Irradiation. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22189966. [PMID: 34576132 PMCID: PMC8469895 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22189966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Although anti-cancer properties of the natural compound curcumin have been reported, low absorption and rapid metabolisation limit clinical use. The present study investigated whether irradiation with visible light may enhance the inhibitory effects of low-dosed curcumin on prostate cancer cell growth, proliferation, and metastasis in vitro. DU145 and PC3 cells were incubated with low-dosed curcumin (0.1–0.4 µg/mL) and subsequently irradiated with 1.65 J/cm2 visible light for 5 min. Controls remained untreated and/or non-irradiated. Cell growth, proliferation, apoptosis, adhesion, and chemotaxis were evaluated, as was cell cycle regulating protein expression (CDK, Cyclins), and integrins of the α- and β-family. Curcumin or light alone did not cause any significant effects on tumor growth, proliferation, or metastasis. However, curcumin combined with light irradiation significantly suppressed tumor growth, adhesion, and migration. Phosphorylation of CDK1 decreased and expression of the counter-receptors cyclin A and B was diminished. Integrin α and β subtypes were also reduced, compared to controls. Irradiation distinctly enhances the anti-tumor potential of curcumin in vitro and may hold promise in treating prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jochen Rutz
- Department of Urology, Goethe-University, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (J.R.); (A.B.); (W.K.); (S.M.); (F.K.-H.C.); (E.J.)
| | - Aicha Benchellal
- Department of Urology, Goethe-University, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (J.R.); (A.B.); (W.K.); (S.M.); (F.K.-H.C.); (E.J.)
| | - Wajdi Kassabra
- Department of Urology, Goethe-University, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (J.R.); (A.B.); (W.K.); (S.M.); (F.K.-H.C.); (E.J.)
| | - Sebastian Maxeiner
- Department of Urology, Goethe-University, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (J.R.); (A.B.); (W.K.); (S.M.); (F.K.-H.C.); (E.J.)
| | - August Bernd
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology, and Allergology, Goethe-University, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (A.B.); (S.K.); (N.Z.)
| | - Stefan Kippenberger
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology, and Allergology, Goethe-University, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (A.B.); (S.K.); (N.Z.)
| | - Nadja Zöller
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology, and Allergology, Goethe-University, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (A.B.); (S.K.); (N.Z.)
| | - Felix K.-H. Chun
- Department of Urology, Goethe-University, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (J.R.); (A.B.); (W.K.); (S.M.); (F.K.-H.C.); (E.J.)
| | - Eva Juengel
- Department of Urology, Goethe-University, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (J.R.); (A.B.); (W.K.); (S.M.); (F.K.-H.C.); (E.J.)
| | - Roman A. Blaheta
- Department of Urology, Goethe-University, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (J.R.); (A.B.); (W.K.); (S.M.); (F.K.-H.C.); (E.J.)
- Correspondence:
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Hesterberg AB, Gordetsky JB, Hurley PJ. Cribriform Prostate Cancer: Clinical Pathologic and Molecular Considerations. Urology 2021; 155:47-54. [PMID: 34058243 DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2021.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Intraductal cribriform (IDC) and invasive cribriform morphologies are associated with worse prostate cancer outcomes. Limited retrospective studies have associated IDC and cribriform morphology with germline mutations in DNA repair genes, particularly BRCA2. These findings, which prompted the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) Guidelines for Prostate Cancer and Genetic/Familial High- Risk Assessment to consider germline testing for individuals with IDC/cribriform histology, have been questioned in a recent prospective study. A deepened understanding of the molecular mechanisms driving disease aggressiveness in cribriform morphology is critical to provide more clarity in clinical decision making. This review summarizes the current understanding of IDC and cribriform prostate cancer, with an emphasis on clinical outcomes and molecular alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jennifer B Gordetsky
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; Department of Urology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Paula J Hurley
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; Department of Urology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, TN.
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