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Mogavero A, Cantale O, Mollica V, Anpalakhan S, Addeo A, Mountzios G, Friedlaender A, Kanesvaran R, Novello S, Banna GL. First-line immunotherapy in non-small cell lung cancer: how to select and where to go. Expert Rev Respir Med 2023; 17:1191-1206. [PMID: 38294292 DOI: 10.1080/17476348.2024.2302356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Immunotherapy (IO) has established a new milestone in lung cancer treatment. Several registrational studies have approved immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in different settings, including the metastatic nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC). As well known, responders are just a certain proportion of patients; therefore, their selection by using predictive factors has stood out as a crucial issue to address in tailoring a patient-centered care. AREAS COVERED In our review we propose a detailed yet handy cross section on ICIs as first-line treatment in metastatic NSCLC, regarding indications, histological, clinical, and blood-based biomarkers, other than their mechanisms of resistance and new immunological actionable targets. We performed a literature search through PubMed entering keywords complying with crucial features of immunotherapy. EXPERT OPINION IO represents the backbone of lung cancer treatment. Trials are currently testing novel immune blockade agents assessing combinatorial approaches with standard ICIs, or antibody drug conjugates (ADC), harboring immunological targets. Perfecting patients' selection is an ongoing challenge and a more and more urgent need in order to best predict responders who will consistently benefit from it.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Veronica Mollica
- Medical Oncology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Shobana Anpalakhan
- Department of Oncology, Portsmouth Hospitals University NHS Trust, Portsmouth, UK
| | - Alfredo Addeo
- Oncology Department, HUG-Hopitaux Universitaires de Geneve, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Giannis Mountzios
- Fourth Oncology Department and Clinical Trials Unit, Henry Dunant Hospital Center, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Ravindran Kanesvaran
- Division of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- SingHealth Duke-NUS Oncology Academic Clinical Programme, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Silvia Novello
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Luigi Banna
- Department of Oncology, Portsmouth Hospitals University NHS Trust, Portsmouth, UK
- Science and Health, School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, UK
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Lu L, Fang T, Pang T, Chen Z, Cheng L, Ma D, Xi Z. The potential application of branch-PCR assembled PTEN gene nanovector in lung cancer gene therapy. Chembiochem 2022; 23:e202200387. [PMID: 36073901 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202200387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Gene therapy offers an alternative and promising avenue to lung cancer treatment. Here, we used dibenzocyclooctyne (DBCO)-branched primers to construct a kind of PTEN gene nanovector (NP-PTEN) through branch-PCR. NP-PTEN showed the nanoscale structure with the biocompatible size (84.7 ± 11.2 nm) and retained the improved serum stability compared to linear DNA. When transfected into NCI-H1299 cancer cells, NP-PTEN could overexpress PTEN protein to restore PTEN function through the deactivation of PI3K-AKT-mTOR signaling pathway to inhibit cell proliferation and induce cell apoptosis. The apoptosis rate of NCI-H1299 cancer cells could reach up to 54.5% ± 4.6% when the transfection concentration of NP-PTEN was 4.0 μg/mL. In mice bearing NCI-H1299 tumor xenograft intratumorally administrated with NP-PTEN, the average tumor volume and tumor weight was separately reduced by 61.7% and 63.9% compared with the PBS group on the 18 th day of administration. The anticancer efficacy of NP-PTEN in NCI-H1299 tumor xenograft suggested the promising therapeutic potential of this branch-PCR assembled PTEN gene nanovectors in lung cancer gene therapy and also provided more opportunities to introduce two or more tumor suppressor genes as the all-in-one gene nanovectors for multiple gene-based cancer gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqing Lu
- Nankai University College of Chemistry, Department of Chemical Biology, CHINA
| | - Tian Fang
- Nankai University College of Chemistry, Department of Chemical Biology, CHINA
| | - Tuo Pang
- Nankai University College of Chemistry, Department of Chemical Biology, CHINA
| | - Ziyi Chen
- Nankai University College of Chemistry, Department of Chemical Biology, CHINA
| | - Longhuai Cheng
- Nankai University College of Chemistry, Department of Chemical Biology, CHINA
| | - Dejun Ma
- Nankai University College of Chemistry, Department of Chemical Biology, CHINA
| | - Zhen Xi
- Nankai University, State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry and Department of Chemical Bi, 94 weijin road, 300071, Tianjin, CHINA
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Hu Z, Xue C, Zheng J, Lu X, Li J, Dong H, Yu Y, Zhang X, Tan K, Cui H, Jiang F. Hyper-Methylated Hub Genes of T-Cell Receptor Signaling Predict a Poor Clinical Outcome in Lung Adenocarcinoma. Journal of Oncology 2022; 2022:1-19. [PMID: 35432532 PMCID: PMC9007647 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5426887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) emerge as the first-line treatment of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD); selection of subpopulations acquiring clinical benefit is required. Associations between epigenetic modulation of tumor microenvironment (TME) and clinical outcome are far from clear. We focused on immune-related genes closely regulated by DNA methylation to identify the potential clinical outcome indicators. Methods We systematically calculated immunophenotype score (IMpS) and classified immunophenotypes based on seven TME features in three independent cohorts. The overlapping of differential expressed genes and methylated probes targeted genes was regarded as genes closely regulated by DNA methylation. Then, probe/gene pairs which highly correlated with each other and IMpS were identified and named as immune-related probe/gene pairs (mIMg). Prognostic mIMg were selected and verified in seven independent validation cohorts. Results Three immune phenotypes were clustered, and similar results were obtained in the three independent training cohorts. C2 displayed as an immunologically hot phenotype, whereas C3 corresponded with immunologically cold phenotype. Average methylation level was decreased from C2 to C3 (C2 > C1 > C3). Similarly, ICIs nonresponders showed global hypo-methylation compared with responders. Genes in mIMg were mainly enriched, especially in T-cell receptor activation, and repressed in noninflamed TME by hyper-methylation. Among mIMg, low expression and hyper-methylation of CD247, LCK, and PSTPIP1 were risk factors of overall survival (OS). ICIs nonresponders were more likely to be hyper-methylated in the three genes. By integrating with the oncogenes status, we demonstrated that EGFR wt and SRGN overexpressed patients were associated with chronic inflammation and immune evasion, showing an immunologically hot phenotype, which might lead to the short OS but derive clinical benefit from ICIs. Conclusions This study identifies hyper-methylation and concurrent repression of CD247, LCK, PSTPIP1 as immune negative indicators and risk factors for prognosis in LUAD. Moreover, EGFR/SRGN axis may participate in immune modification to influence ICIs response and clinical outcome in LUAD.
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Cassier PA, Peyramaure C, Attignon V, Eberst L, Pacaud C, Boyault S, Desseigne F, Sarabi M, Guibert P, Rochefort P, Marques N, Rivoire M, Dupré A, Peyrat P, Terret C, Ray-Coquard I, Coutzac C, Pérol D, Blay JY, Trédan O, de la Fouchardière C. Precision medicine for patients with gastro-oesophageal cancer: A subset analysis of the ProfiLER program. Transl Oncol 2021; 15:101266. [PMID: 34794033 PMCID: PMC8605190 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2021.101266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancers originating in the stomach and oesophagus have poor prognosis and limited treatment options. Gastroesophageal cancer frequently harbour actionable genomic alterations. Our data suggest that patients with advanced gastroesophageal cancers and actionable alterations have prolonged survival compared to those who do not. Comprehensive genotyping, beyond determination of the HER2/ERBB2 status should be implemented early in the management of patients with gastroesophageal cancers.
Background Chemotherapy, anti-HER2 and PD-1 antibodies are standard treatments but only a minority of patients derive long-term benefit from these agents. Methods In this report we describe the mutational landscape and outcome of patients with gastroesophageal cancers enroled in the ProfiLER program. Results Adenocarcinoma (n = 86, 59%), signet-cell (n = 37, 25%) and squamous-cell (n = 21, 14%) were the dominant histology amongst 147 patients. Genomic analyses could be performed for 114 (78%) patients. The most common genomic alterations involved ERBB2 (15%), KRAS (12%), CCND1 (7%), FGFR1–3 (8%), EGFR (5%) and MET (3%), TP53 (51%) and CDKN2A/B (10%). ERBB2, MET and FGFR alterations were found exclusively in the adenocarcinoma and signet-cell subtypes, while CCND1 amplification, TP53 mutations and CDKN2A/B loss were found in both adenocarcinoma and squamous-cell subtypes. Nine patients (8%) received therapy matched to their genomic alteration, with 5 of them achieving disease control. In an exploratory analysis, patients with stage IV disease at diagnosis who had an actionable alteration had longer overall survival compared to those without. Conclusion Genomic profiling for patients with advanced gastroesophageal cancers allows the identification of actionable alterations in large proportion of patients. Increased accessibility to molecularly matched therapy may improve survival in this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe A Cassier
- Département de Cancérologie Médicale, Centre Léon Bérard, 28 rue Laennec, Lyon 69008, France.
| | | | - Valery Attignon
- Département de la Recherche Translationelle et de l'Innovation, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | | | - Camille Pacaud
- Service d'Onco-Hémato Pédiatrie, Hôpital Hautepierre, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Sandrine Boyault
- Département de la Recherche Translationelle et de l'Innovation, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Françoise Desseigne
- Département de Cancérologie Médicale, Centre Léon Bérard, 28 rue Laennec, Lyon 69008, France
| | - Mathieu Sarabi
- Département de Cancérologie Médicale, Centre Léon Bérard, 28 rue Laennec, Lyon 69008, France
| | - Pierre Guibert
- Département de Cancérologie Médicale, Centre Léon Bérard, 28 rue Laennec, Lyon 69008, France
| | - Pauline Rochefort
- Département de Cancérologie Médicale, Centre Léon Bérard, 28 rue Laennec, Lyon 69008, France
| | - Nathalie Marques
- Département de Cancérologie Médicale, Centre Léon Bérard, 28 rue Laennec, Lyon 69008, France
| | - Michel Rivoire
- Département de Chirurgie, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Aurélien Dupré
- Département de Chirurgie, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Patrice Peyrat
- Département de Chirurgie, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Catherine Terret
- Département de Cancérologie Médicale, Centre Léon Bérard, 28 rue Laennec, Lyon 69008, France
| | - Isabelle Ray-Coquard
- Département de Cancérologie Médicale, Centre Léon Bérard, 28 rue Laennec, Lyon 69008, France; Université Claude Bernard Lyon I, Lyon, France
| | - Clélia Coutzac
- Département de Cancérologie Médicale, Centre Léon Bérard, 28 rue Laennec, Lyon 69008, France
| | - David Pérol
- Direction de la Recherche Clinique et de l'Innovation, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Jean-Yves Blay
- Département de Cancérologie Médicale, Centre Léon Bérard, 28 rue Laennec, Lyon 69008, France; Université Claude Bernard Lyon I, Lyon, France; Unicancer, Paris, France
| | - Olivier Trédan
- Département de Cancérologie Médicale, Centre Léon Bérard, 28 rue Laennec, Lyon 69008, France
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