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Shah I, Razzak AN, Janardan A, Laing B, Zwagerman NT. A Rare Case of Neck Sarcomatoid Squamous Cell Carcinoma With Brain Metastases. Cureus 2022; 14:e26179. [PMID: 35891819 PMCID: PMC9304508 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.26179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is the second most prominent form of skin malignancy. It occurs most frequently in older males with fair skin complexion that have extensive sun exposure most commonly in their childhood. The metastatic presentation of SCC is rare and is most common in the lung. In this paper, we present the unique case of a 73-year-old patient with sarcomatoid squamous cell carcinoma in their posterior neck that metastasized to the brain.
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Belda-Sanchis J, Trujillo-Reyes JC, Martínez-Téllez E, Cladellas-Gutiérrez E. Brain Metastasis From Thymic Epithelial Tumors: Strengthening the Evidence, a Call for Action. J Thorac Oncol 2021; 16:1984-7. [PMID: 34809801 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2021.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Benitez JC, Boucher MÈ, Dansin E, Kerjouan M, Bigay-Game L, Pichon E, Thillays F, Falcoz PE, Lyubimova S, Oulkhouir Y, Calcagno F, Thiberville L, Clément-Duchêne C, Westeel V, Missy P, Thomas PA, Maury JM, Molina T, Girard N, Besse B. Central Nervous System Metastases in Thymic Epithelial Tumors: A Brief Report of Real-World Insight From RYTHMIC. J Thorac Oncol 2021; 16:2144-2149. [PMID: 34455064 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2021.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Thymic epithelial tumors (TETs) are rare malignancies ranging from indolent thymoma A to aggressive thymic carcinomas (TCs). Brain metastases are extremely infrequent for TETs and have only been described in case reports or small single-center series. RYTHMIC (Réseau tumeurs THYMiques et Cancer) is a French nationwide network mandated to systematically review every TET case and prospectively includes all consecutive patients discussed by national or regional tumor boards. We analyzed patients with TETs and central nervous system (CNS) metastasis during their cancer history from this large French registry. In an 8-year period, 2909 patients were included in the database, including 248 TCs (8.5%). A total of 14 patients had CNS metastases, five (36%) at diagnosis and nine (64%) at relapse. Among them, 12 patients (86%) had a diagnosis of TC and two (14%) had thymoma A and B3. Surgical biopsies were performed, and the histologic subtype for non-TC tumors was centrally confirmed. Median overall survival was 22 months (95% confidence interval [CI]: 9.8-34.2), with longer, albeit not significant, overall survival when CNS metastases were present at diagnosis versus relapse (not reached versus 17 mo; p = 0.29); median progression-free survival was 13 versus 8 months (p = 0.06), respectively. A higher risk of death (hazard ratio = 5.34, 95% CI: 1.3-21.9, p = 0.02) and relapse (hazard ratio = 1.89, 95% CI: 0.9-3.7, p = 0.06) was observed for patients suffering from TC with brain metastases compared with those without CNS extension. CNS disease was extremely rare in our TET cohort (0.48%), reported at both diagnosis and progression, present primarily in TC, with prevalence rising to 4.9%.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - L Bigay-Game
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Fabien Calcagno
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Besançon, Besançon, France
| | | | | | - Virginie Westeel
- Intergroupe Francophone de Cancérologie Thoracique, Paris, France
| | - Pascale Missy
- Intergroupe Francophone de Cancérologie Thoracique, Paris, France
| | | | | | - Thierry Molina
- Hôpital Universitaire Necker Enfants Malades, Paris, France
| | | | - Benjamin Besse
- Thoracic Cancer Unit, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France; Paris-Saclay University, Orsay, France.
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Martínez-Chávez A, Broeders J, Lebre MC, Tibben MT, Rosing H, Beijnen JH, Schinkel AH. The role of drug efflux and uptake transporters ABCB1 (P-gp), ABCG2 (BCRP) and OATP1A/1B and of CYP3A4 in the pharmacokinetics of the CDK inhibitor milciclib. Eur J Pharm Sci 2021; 159:105740. [PMID: 33524505 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2021.105740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The promising anticancer drug milciclib potently inhibits cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) 2 and tropomyosin receptor kinase (TRK) A, and is currently in phase II clinical studies. To characterize factors affecting milciclib pharmacokinetics, we investigated whether milciclib is a substrate of the multidrug efflux and uptake transporters ABCB1 (P-gp), ABCG2 (BCRP), and OATP1A/1B, and the drug-metabolizing enzyme CYP3A, using genetically-modified mouse models and Madin-Darby Canine Kidney (MDCK-II) cells. In vitro, milciclib was transported by mAbcg2, and this was inhibited by the ABCG2 inhibitor Ko143. Upon oral administration of milciclib, its plasma exposure in Abcb1a/1b-/-, Abcg2-/-, and Abcb1a/1b;Abcg2-/- mice was similar to that found in wild-type mice. Milciclib showed good brain penetration even in wild-type mice (brain-to-plasma ratio of 1.2), but this was further increased by 5.2-fold when both Abcb1 and Abcg2 were ablated, and to a lesser extent in single Abcb1- or Abcg2-deficient mice. Oatp1a/1b deficiency had only a minor impact on the milciclib plasma AUC0-24h and Cmax. The milciclib AUC0-8h increased 1.9-fold in Cyp3a-/- mice but decreased only 1.3-fold upon overexpression of human CYP3A4. Thus, ABCB1 and ABCG2 cooperatively limit milciclib brain penetration. The low impact of OATP1 and CYP3A could be clinically favorable for milciclib, reducing the risks of unintended drug-drug interactions or interindividual variation in CYP3A4 activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Martínez-Chávez
- Division of Pharmacology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jelle Broeders
- Division of Pharmacology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maria C Lebre
- Division of Pharmacology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Matthijs T Tibben
- Department of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hilde Rosing
- Department of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jos H Beijnen
- Division of Pharmacology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Clinical Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Alfred H Schinkel
- Division of Pharmacology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Belaid I, Karrit S, Fatma LB, Ezzairi F, Ammar N, Chabchoub I, Hochlaf M, Tarmiz A, Mokni M, Zaghouani H, Ahmed SB. Exclusive meningeal relapse of a malignant thymoma after a complete response with neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Acta Neurol Belg 2020; 120:409-11. [PMID: 29468565 DOI: 10.1007/s13760-018-0904-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Akiyama T, Miyamoto Y, Nomoto D, Kiyozumi Y, Eto K, Hiyoshi Y, Iwatsuki M, Nagai Y, Iwagami S, Baba Y, Yoshida N, Baba H. Laparoscopic dissection for pelvic lymph node recurrence of thymic carcinoma: A case report. Asian J Endosc Surg 2020; 13:107-110. [PMID: 30714349 DOI: 10.1111/ases.12688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Revised: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Thymic carcinoma, a rare mediastinal neoplasm, is characterized by extensive local invasion and distant metastasis. To our knowledge, this is the first case report demonstrating the efficacy of laparoscopic dissection for pelvic lymph node metastases from thymic carcinoma. A 64-year-old man was found to have a mediastinal mass by CT and underwent radical resection. Six months after resection of his thymic carcinoma, follow-up CT revealed a gluteal tumor and enlarged pelvic lymph nodes. The gluteal tumor was resected percutaneously. Two months after this procedure, PET showed that the three pelvic lymph nodes had abnormal uptake of 18 F-fluorodeoxyglucose and had enlarged further. The patient accordingly underwent laparoscopic dissection of these lymph nodes. Pathological examination of all resected specimens showed metastatic thymic carcinoma. We recommend laparoscopic dissection of pelvic lymph node metastases because it provides a clear intraoperative view and is minimally invasive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiko Akiyama
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Yuji Miyamoto
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Daichi Nomoto
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Yuki Kiyozumi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Kojiro Eto
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Yukiharu Hiyoshi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Masaaki Iwatsuki
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Yohei Nagai
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Shiro Iwagami
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Baba
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Naoya Yoshida
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Hideo Baba
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
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