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Chen K, Wei X, Zhang W, Wang R, Wang Y, Yang L. Bone morphogenetic protein 4 derived from the cerebrospinal fluid in patients with postherpetic neuralgia induces allodynia via the crosstalk between microglia and astrocyte. Brain Behav Immun 2024; 119:836-850. [PMID: 38735405 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2024.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION During postherpetic neuralgia (PHN), the cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) possesses the capability to trigger glial activation and inflammation, yet the specific changes in its composition remain unclear. Recent findings from our research indicate elevations of central bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4) during neuropathic pain (NP), serving as an independent modulator of glial cells. Herein, the aim of the present study is to test the CSF-BMP4 expressions and its role in the glial modulation in the process of PHN. METHODS CSF samples were collected from both PHN patients and non-painful individuals (Control) to assess BMP4 and its antagonist Noggin levels. Besides, intrathecal administration of both CSF types was conducted in normal rats to evaluate the impact on pain behavior, glial activity, and inflammation.; Additionally, both Noggin and STAT3 antagonist-Stattic were employed to treat the PHN-CSF or exogenous BMP4 challenged cultured astrocytes to explore downstream signals. Finally, microglial depletion was performed prior to the PHN-CSF intervention so as to elucidate the microglia-astrocyte crosstalk. RESULTS BMP4 levels were significantly higher in PHN-CSF compared to Control-CSF (P < 0.001), with a positive correlation with pain duration (P < 0.05, r = 0.502). Comparing with the Control-CSF producing moderate paw withdrawal threshold (PWT) decline and microglial activation, PHN-CSF further exacerbated allodynia and triggered both microglial and astrocytic activation (P < 0.05). Moreover, PHN-CSF rather than Control-CSF evoked microglial proliferation and pro-inflammatory transformation, reinforced iron storage, and activated astrocytes possibly through both SMAD159 and STAT3 signaling, which were all mitigated by the Noggin application (P < 0.05). Next, both Noggin and Stattic effectively attenuated BMP4-induced GFAP and IL-6 upregulation, as well as SMAD159 and STAT3 phosphorylation in the cultured astrocytes (P < 0.05). Finally, microglial depletion diminished PHN-CSF induced astrogliosis, inflammation and endogenous BMP4 expression (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Our study highlights the role of CSF-BMP4 elevation in glial activation and allodynia during PHN, suggesting a potential therapeutic avenue for future exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; Department of Pain Management, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China; Hunan Province Center for Clinical Anesthesia and Anesthesiology, Research Institute of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China; Clinical Research Center for Pain Medicine in Hunan Province, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Xiaojin Wei
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; Department of Pain Management, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China; Hunan Province Center for Clinical Anesthesia and Anesthesiology, Research Institute of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China; Clinical Research Center for Pain Medicine in Hunan Province, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Wenjuan Zhang
- Department of the Laboratory, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ruixuan Wang
- Bourns Engineering, The University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Yaping Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; Department of Pain Management, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China; Hunan Province Center for Clinical Anesthesia and Anesthesiology, Research Institute of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China; Clinical Research Center for Pain Medicine in Hunan Province, Changsha, Hunan Province, China.
| | - Lin Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; Department of Pain Management, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China; Hunan Province Center for Clinical Anesthesia and Anesthesiology, Research Institute of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China; Clinical Research Center for Pain Medicine in Hunan Province, Changsha, Hunan Province, China.
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Shen W, Liu S, Wei X, Wang Y, Yang L. Infiltrating circulating monocytes provide an important source of BMP4 at the early stage of spinal cord injury. Dis Model Mech 2023; 16:286061. [PMID: 36518009 PMCID: PMC9884123 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.049856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)4 plays a critical role in regulating neuronal and glial activity in the course of spinal cord injury (SCI). The underlying cause and cellular source of BMP4 accumulation at the injured spinal cord remain unclear. Here, we observed that plasma BMP4 levels are statistically higher in SCI patients than in healthy donors. When comparing rats in the sham group (T9 laminectomy without SCI) with rats in the SCI group, we found a persistent decline in BBB scores, together with necrosis and mononuclear cell accumulation at the contusion site. Moreover, during 2 weeks after SCI both plasma and cerebrospinal fluid levels of BMP4 displayed notable elevation, and a positive correlation. Importantly, percentages of circulating BMP4-positive (BMP4+) monocytes and infiltrating MDMs were higher in the SCI group than in the sham group. Finally, in the SCI+clodronate liposome group, depletion of monocytes effectively attenuated the accumulation of both BMP4+ MDMs and BMP4 in the injured spinal cord. Our results indicated that, following SCI, infiltrating MDMs provide an important source of BMP4 in the injured spinal cord and, therefore, might serve as a potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiyun Shen
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 41000, Hunan Province, China,Hunan Province Center for Clinical Anesthesia and Anesthesiology, Research Institute of Central South University, Changsha 41000, Hunan Province, China
| | - Shuxin Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 41000, Hunan Province, China,Hunan Province Center for Clinical Anesthesia and Anesthesiology, Research Institute of Central South University, Changsha 41000, Hunan Province, China
| | - Xiaojing Wei
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 41000, Hunan Province, China,Hunan Province Center for Clinical Anesthesia and Anesthesiology, Research Institute of Central South University, Changsha 41000, Hunan Province, China
| | - Yaping Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 41000, Hunan Province, China,Hunan Province Center for Clinical Anesthesia and Anesthesiology, Research Institute of Central South University, Changsha 41000, Hunan Province, China,Department of Pain Management, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 41000, China,Authors for correspondence (; )
| | - Lin Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 41000, Hunan Province, China,Hunan Province Center for Clinical Anesthesia and Anesthesiology, Research Institute of Central South University, Changsha 41000, Hunan Province, China,Authors for correspondence (; )
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Du J, Garcia JP, Bach FC, Tellegen AR, Grad S, Li Z, Castelein RM, Meij BP, Tryfonidou MA, Creemers LB. Intradiscal injection of human recombinant BMP-4 does not reverse intervertebral disc degeneration induced by nuclectomy in sheep. J Orthop Translat 2022; 37:23-36. [PMID: 36196149 PMCID: PMC9513727 DOI: 10.1016/j.jot.2022.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Methods Results Conclusion The Translational Potential of This Article
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Wang N, Guo Y, Dong Y, Li X, Liu Q, Liu Q, Wang G, Qin M, Zhang Z, Song J, Liang L, Zhong J. Association of plasma bone morphogenetic protein‐4 levels with arterial stiffness in hypertensive patients. J Clin Lab Anal 2022; 36:e24746. [DOI: 10.1002/jcla.24746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ning Wang
- Heart Center and Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypertension Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University Beijing China
- Department of Geriatrics Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University Beijing China
| | - Ying Guo
- Heart Center and Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypertension Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University Beijing China
- Department of Geriatrics Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University Beijing China
| | - Ying Dong
- Heart Center and Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypertension Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University Beijing China
- Medical Research Center, Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine and Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University Beijing China
- Department of Cardiology Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University Beijing China
| | - Xueting Li
- Heart Center and Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypertension Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University Beijing China
| | - Qian Liu
- Department of Geriatrics Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University Beijing China
| | - Qi Liu
- Department of Geriatrics Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University Beijing China
| | - Guohong Wang
- Department of Geriatrics Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University Beijing China
| | - Mingzhao Qin
- Department of Geriatrics Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University Beijing China
| | - Zhenzhou Zhang
- Heart Center and Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypertension Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University Beijing China
- Medical Research Center, Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine and Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University Beijing China
- Department of Cardiology Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University Beijing China
| | - Jiawei Song
- Heart Center and Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypertension Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University Beijing China
| | - Lirong Liang
- Medical Research Center, Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine and Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University Beijing China
| | - Jiuchang Zhong
- Heart Center and Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypertension Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University Beijing China
- Medical Research Center, Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine and Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University Beijing China
- Department of Cardiology Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University Beijing China
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Liu C, Sun Q, Xu J, Shen W, Li H, Yang L. The Role of Bone Morphogenetic Protein 4 in Microglial Polarization in the Process of Neuropathic Pain. J Inflamm Res 2022; 15:2803-2817. [PMID: 35535051 PMCID: PMC9078433 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s356531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Neuropathic pain (NP) is known to be highly correlated with microglial polarization, of which the regulatory mechanism remains to be elucidated. Here, the aim of this study is to further investigate the relationship between bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4) and microglial polarization in the process of NP. Methods Firstly, normal adult rats received intrathecal BMP4 administration to assess BMP4ʹs effect on microglial polarization. Secondly, a BMP4 antagonist – Noggin – was applied to a rat NP model achieved by L5 spinal nerve ligation (SNL) to investigate whether antagonizing BMP4 signaling could alleviate allodynia by reversing the imbalance of the M1/M2 polarization ratio. In both experiments, Von-Frey filaments were used to test the changes in the paw withdrawal threshold (PWT), and Western blotting, immuno-fluorescence, PCR and flow cytometry were further performed to investigate microglial activity and the expression patterns of M1 and M2 markers, respectively. Results Firstly, BMP4 administration induced a significant PWT decrease and microglial activation in normal rats; Western blotting, PCR and flow cytometry further revealed that M1 markers including CD16, MHCII, and TNF-α showed a marked elevation after BMP4 application; while M2 markers, such as Arg-1, CD204 and IL-4, peaked at an early stage (P1 or P4) and then fell to the Sham level on P7, leading to a persistent imbalance of the M1/M2 ratio throughout the 1st week. Secondly, Noggin treatment significantly relieved allodynia and microglial activation in SNL rats. Moreover, Noggin persistently downregulated the M1 marker levels and simultaneously induced a late-stage elevation of M2 markers expressions, thereby reversing the imbalance of the M1/M2 polarization ratio. Conclusion Our results indicate that BMP4 has the ability to induce microglial polarization. Antagonizing BMP4 signaling can relieve pain behavior via mitigating microglial activation and reversing the imbalance of the M1/M2 polarization ratio in the process of NP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changqing Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, People’s Republic of China
- Hunan Province Center for Clinical Anesthesia and Anesthesiology, Research Institute of Central South University, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qi Sun
- Department of Anesthesiology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, People’s Republic of China
- Hunan Province Center for Clinical Anesthesia and Anesthesiology, Research Institute of Central South University, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
| | - Junmei Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, People’s Republic of China
- Hunan Province Center for Clinical Anesthesia and Anesthesiology, Research Institute of Central South University, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
| | - Weiyun Shen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, People’s Republic of China
- Hunan Province Center for Clinical Anesthesia and Anesthesiology, Research Institute of Central South University, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, People’s Republic of China
- Hunan Province Center for Clinical Anesthesia and Anesthesiology, Research Institute of Central South University, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Hui Li, Department of Anesthesiology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People’s Republic of China, Fax +86 85295970, Email
| | - Lin Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, People’s Republic of China
- Hunan Province Center for Clinical Anesthesia and Anesthesiology, Research Institute of Central South University, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
- Lin Yang, Department of Anesthesiology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People’s Republic of China, Fax +86 85295970, Email
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