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Hao XL, Lv YF, Li DF, Bai FH, Gong J, Pan GQ, Su LX, Wang YL, Fu WL, Liu B, Huang L, Yan D, Tan QL, Liu JY, Guo QN. TC2N inhibits distant metastasis and stemness of breast cancer via blocking fatty acid synthesis. J Transl Med 2024; 22:6. [PMID: 38167440 PMCID: PMC10763294 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04721-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tandem C2 domains, nuclear (TC2N) is a C2 domain-containing protein that belongs to the carboxyl-terminal type (C-type) tandem C2 protein family, and acts as an oncogenic driver in several cancers. Previously, we preliminarily reported that TC2N mediates the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway to inhibit tumor growth of breast cancer (BC) cells. Beyond that, its precise biological functions and detailed molecular mechanisms in BC development and progression are not fully understood. METHODS Tumor tissues of 212 BC patients were subjected to tissue microarray and further assessed the associations of TC2N expression with pathological parameters and FASN expression. The protein levels of TC2N and FASN in cell lines and tumor specimens were monitored by qRT-PCR, WB, immunofluorescence and immunohistochemistry. In vitro cell assays, in vivo nude mice model was used to assess the effect of TC2N ectopic expression on tumor metastasis and stemness of breast cancer cells. The downstream signaling pathway or target molecule of TC2N was mined using a combination of transcriptomics, proteomics and lipidomics, and the underlying mechanism was explored by WB and co-IP assays. RESULTS Here, we found that the expression of TC2N remarkedly silenced in metastatic and poorly differentiated tumors. Function-wide, TC2N strongly inhibits tumor metastasis and stem-like properties of BC via inhibition of fatty acid synthesis. Mechanism-wise, TC2N blocks neddylated PTEN-mediated FASN stabilization by a dual mechanism. The C2B domain is crucial for nuclear localization of TC2N, further consolidating the TRIM21-mediated ubiquitylation and degradation of FASN by competing with neddylated PTEN for binding to FASN in nucleus. On the other hand, cytoplasmic TC2N interacts with import proteins, thereby restraining nuclear import of PTEN to decrease neddylated PTEN level. CONCLUSIONS Altogether, we demonstrate a previously unidentified role and mechanism of TC2N in regulation of lipid metabolism and PTEN neddylation, providing a potential therapeutic target for anti-cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Lin Hao
- Department of Pathology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, 183 Xinqiao Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400037, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang-Fan Lv
- Department of Pathology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, 183 Xinqiao Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400037, People's Republic of China
| | - De-Feng Li
- Clinical Medical Research Center, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, People's Republic of China
| | - Fu-Hai Bai
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, People's Republic of China
| | - Ji Gong
- Department of Pathology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, 183 Xinqiao Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400037, People's Republic of China
| | - Guang-Qiang Pan
- Department of Pathology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, 183 Xinqiao Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400037, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin-Xi Su
- Department of Pathology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, 183 Xinqiao Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400037, People's Republic of China
| | - Ya-Li Wang
- Department of Pathology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, 183 Xinqiao Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400037, People's Republic of China
| | - Wan-Lei Fu
- Department of Pathology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, 183 Xinqiao Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400037, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Liu
- Department of Pathology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, 183 Xinqiao Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400037, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Huang
- Department of Pathology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, 183 Xinqiao Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400037, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong Yan
- Department of Pathology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, 183 Xinqiao Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400037, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiu-Lin Tan
- Department of Pathology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, 183 Xinqiao Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400037, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin-Yi Liu
- Institute of Toxicology, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, 30 Gaotanyan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038, People's Republic of China.
| | - Qiao-Nan Guo
- Department of Pathology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, 183 Xinqiao Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400037, People's Republic of China.
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Romo-Perez A, Domínguez-Gómez G, Chávez-Blanco AD, González-Fierro A, Correa-Basurto J, Dueñas-González A. PaSTe. Blockade of the Lipid Phenotype of Prostate Cancer as Metabolic Therapy: A Theoretical Proposal. Curr Med Chem 2024; 31:3265-3285. [PMID: 37287286 DOI: 10.2174/0929867330666230607104441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prostate cancer is the most frequently diagnosed malignancy in 112 countries and is the leading cause of death in eighteen. In addition to continuing research on prevention and early diagnosis, improving treatments and making them more affordable is imperative. In this sense, the therapeutic repurposing of low-cost and widely available drugs could reduce global mortality from this disease. The malignant metabolic phenotype is becoming increasingly important due to its therapeutic implications. Cancer generally is characterized by hyperactivation of glycolysis, glutaminolysis, and fatty acid synthesis. However, prostate cancer is particularly lipidic; it exhibits increased activity in the pathways for synthesizing fatty acids, cholesterol, and fatty acid oxidation (FAO). OBJECTIVE Based on a literature review, we propose the PaSTe regimen (Pantoprazole, Simvastatin, Trimetazidine) as a metabolic therapy for prostate cancer. Pantoprazole and simvastatin inhibit the enzymes fatty acid synthase (FASN) and 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl- coenzyme A reductase (HMGCR), therefore, blocking the synthesis of fatty acids and cholesterol, respectively. In contrast, trimetazidine inhibits the enzyme 3-β-Ketoacyl- CoA thiolase (3-KAT), an enzyme that catalyzes the oxidation of fatty acids (FAO). It is known that the pharmacological or genetic depletion of any of these enzymes has antitumor effects in prostatic cancer. RESULTS Based on this information, we hypothesize that the PaSTe regimen will have increased antitumor effects and may impede the metabolic reprogramming shift. Existing knowledge shows that enzyme inhibition occurs at molar concentrations achieved in plasma at standard doses of these drugs. CONCLUSION We conclude that this regimen deserves to be preclinically evaluated because of its clinical potential for the treatment of prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Romo-Perez
- Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Alma D Chávez-Blanco
- Subdirección de Investigación Básica, Instituto Nacional de Cancerologia, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Aurora González-Fierro
- Subdirección de Investigación Básica, Instituto Nacional de Cancerologia, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - José Correa-Basurto
- Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Alfonso Dueñas-González
- Subdirección de Investigación Básica, Instituto Nacional de Cancerologia, Mexico City, Mexico
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
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3
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Chen G, Bao B, Cheng Y, Tian M, Song J, Zheng L, Tong Q. Acetyl-CoA metabolism as a therapeutic target for cancer. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 168:115741. [PMID: 37864899 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Acetyl-coenzyme A (acetyl-CoA), an essential metabolite, not only takes part in numerous intracellular metabolic processes, powers the tricarboxylic acid cycle, serves as a key hub for the biosynthesis of fatty acids and isoprenoids, but also serves as a signaling substrate for acetylation reactions in post-translational modification of proteins, which is crucial for the epigenetic inheritance of cells. Acetyl-CoA links lipid metabolism with histone acetylation to create a more intricate regulatory system that affects the growth, aggressiveness, and drug resistance of malignancies such as glioblastoma, breast cancer, and hepatocellular carcinoma. These fascinating advances in the knowledge of acetyl-CoA metabolism during carcinogenesis and normal physiology have raised interest regarding its modulation in malignancies. In this review, we provide an overview of the regulation and cancer relevance of main metabolic pathways in which acetyl-CoA participates. We also summarize the role of acetyl-CoA in the metabolic reprogramming and stress regulation of cancer cells, as well as medical application of inhibitors targeting its dysregulation in therapeutic intervention of cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo Chen
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan 430022, Hubei Province, PR China
| | - Banghe Bao
- Department of Pathology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan 430022, Hubei Province, PR China
| | - Yang Cheng
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan 430022, Hubei Province, PR China
| | - Minxiu Tian
- Department of Pathology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan 430022, Hubei Province, PR China
| | - Jiyu Song
- Department of Pathology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan 430022, Hubei Province, PR China
| | - Liduan Zheng
- Department of Pathology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan 430022, Hubei Province, PR China.
| | - Qiangsong Tong
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan 430022, Hubei Province, PR China.
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Ping P, Li J, Lei H, Xu X. Fatty acid metabolism: A new therapeutic target for cervical cancer. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1111778. [PMID: 37056351 PMCID: PMC10088509 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1111778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Cervical cancer (CC) is one of the most common malignancies in women. Cancer cells can use metabolic reprogramming to produce macromolecules and ATP needed to sustain cell growth, division and survival. Recent evidence suggests that fatty acid metabolism and its related lipid metabolic pathways are closely related to the malignant progression of CC. In particular, it involves the synthesis, uptake, activation, oxidation, and transport of fatty acids. Similarly, more and more attention has been paid to the effects of intracellular lipolysis, transcriptional regulatory factors, other lipid metabolic pathways and diet on CC. This study reviews the latest evidence of the link between fatty acid metabolism and CC; it not only reveals its core mechanism but also discusses promising targeted drugs for fatty acid metabolism. This study on the complex relationship between carcinogenic signals and fatty acid metabolism suggests that fatty acid metabolism will become a new therapeutic target in CC.
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Singh S, Karthikeyan C, Moorthy NSHN. Classification analysis of fatty acid synthase inhibitors using multialgorithms on topological descriptors and structural fingerprints. Chem Biol Drug Des 2023; 101:395-407. [PMID: 36065591 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.14138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Revised: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Fatty acid synthase (FASN) is one of the enzymes required for fatty acid biosynthesis and is expressed as low or absent in most normal cells/tissues. However, this enzyme is upregulated in various cancer cells; hence, it can act as an important target to design and develop novel FASN inhibitors for cancer therapy. In the present investigation, a series of structurally diverse compounds that possessed FASN inhibitory activities were subjected to classification analysis using different algorithms such as support vector machine, decision tree, Naïve Bayes and random forest. The physicochemical descriptors and MACCS fingerprints were calculated using PaDEL software, and the WEKA software was utilized for the classification model building. The statistical parameters/confusion matrix calculated from the analysis revealed that the selected models have significant predictive performances. The results showed that the topological properties of the molecules are the main determinant for the activity classification. The key descriptors comprised of hydrogen bonding groups, especially acceptor (nHBAcc, minHBint9, minHBint5 and nwHBa), charge on the topological surface of the molecules (JGI10 & GGI2), ionization potential (GATS5i and GATS1i) and branching and distance between the groups (ETA_Eta_B_RC) are significantly contributed in the classification models. Further, the presence of heteroatoms (MACCSFP82, MACCSFP93 and MACCSFP131), especially nitrogen atom(s) and hydrogen bond acceptor groups (N-N group, NC(=O)N, N-C(=O)), actively contributed to the inhibitory activities. The results concluded that the topological polar properties concentrated in a specific region have significant FASN inhibitory activity. Hence, these results shall be used to develop novel molecules with increased FASN inhibitory activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shailendra Singh
- Cancept Therapeutics Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Indira Gandhi National Tribal University, Amarkantak, India
| | - Chandrabose Karthikeyan
- Cancept Therapeutics Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Indira Gandhi National Tribal University, Amarkantak, India
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6
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Li J, Li X, Guo Q. Drug Resistance in Cancers: A Free Pass for Bullying. Cells 2022; 11:3383. [PMID: 36359776 PMCID: PMC9654341 DOI: 10.3390/cells11213383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The cancer burden continues to grow globally, and drug resistance remains a substantial challenge in cancer therapy. It is well established that cancerous cells with clonal dysplasia generate the same carcinogenic lesions. Tumor cells pass on genetic templates to subsequent generations in evolutionary terms and exhibit drug resistance simply by accumulating genetic alterations. However, recent evidence has implied that tumor cells accumulate genetic alterations by progressively adapting. As a result, intratumor heterogeneity (ITH) is generated due to genetically distinct subclonal populations of cells coexisting. The genetic adaptive mechanisms of action of ITH include activating "cellular plasticity", through which tumor cells create a tumor-supportive microenvironment in which they can proliferate and cause increased damage. These highly plastic cells are located in the tumor microenvironment (TME) and undergo extreme changes to resist therapeutic drugs. Accordingly, the underlying mechanisms involved in drug resistance have been re-evaluated. Herein, we will reveal new themes emerging from initial studies of drug resistance and outline the findings regarding drug resistance from the perspective of the TME; the themes include exosomes, metabolic reprogramming, protein glycosylation and autophagy, and the relates studies aim to provide new targets and strategies for reversing drug resistance in cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Qie Guo
- The Department of Clinical Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China
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7
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Ballinger TJ, Djuric Z, Sardesai S, Hovey KM, Andrews CA, Brasky TM, Zhang JT, Rohan TE, Saquib N, Shadyab AH, Simon M, Wactawski-Wende J, Wallace R, Kato I. Proton Pump Inhibitor Use and Obesity-Associated Cancer in the Women's Health Initiative. Nutr Cancer 2022; 75:265-275. [PMID: 35968582 PMCID: PMC9772040 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2022.2108467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) have off-target activity on fatty acid synthase (FASN), a critical enzyme in energy balance and cancer growth. We evaluated risk of common obesity-related cancers: breast, colorectal (CRC), and endometrial, with use of PPI and histamine-2 receptor antagonists (H2RA) in 124,931 postmenopausal women enrolled in the Women's Health Initiative. Incident cancer cases were physician-adjudicated. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate multivariable hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for cancer incidence after year 3. There were 7956 PPI ever users and 9398 H2RA only users. Ever use of either PPI or H2RA was not associated with risk of breast cancer (n = 9186) nor risk of endometrial cancer (n = 1231). The risk of CRC (n = 2280) was significantly lower in PPI users (HR = 0.75, 95% CI = 0.61-0.92), but not in H2RA users (HR = 1.13, 95% CI = 0.97-1.31). The association of PPI use with CRC was apparent regardless of BMI or NSAID use, and was stronger with longer PPI duration (p = 0.006) and potency (p = 0.005). The findings that PPI use, but not H2RA use, demonstrate an inverse dose-response relationship with risk of CRC is consistent with preclinical data showing FASN inhibition prevents colon cancer progression and supports a role of PPI in CRC prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarah J. Ballinger
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Zora Djuric
- Departments of Family Medicine and Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Sagar Sardesai
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH
| | - Kathleen M. Hovey
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Health Professions, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY
| | - Chris A. Andrews
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Health Professions, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY
| | - Theodore M. Brasky
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH
| | - Jian Ting Zhang
- Department of Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH
| | - Thomas E Rohan
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
| | - Nazmus Saquib
- College of Medicine, Sulaiman AlRajhi University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aladdin H. Shadyab
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Michael Simon
- Department of Oncology, Karmanos Cancer Institute at Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI
| | - Jean Wactawski-Wende
- Department of Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH
| | - Robert Wallace
- Department of Epidemiology, Iowa College of Public Health, Iowa City, IA
| | - Ikuko Kato
- Department of Oncology, Karmanos Cancer Institute at Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI
- Department of Pathology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit
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Mekhail K, Lee M, Sugiyama M, Astori A, St-Germain J, Latreille E, Khosraviani N, Wei K, Li Z, Rini J, Lee WL, Antonescu C, Raught B, Fairn GD. Fatty Acid Synthase inhibitor TVB-3166 prevents S-acylation of the Spike protein of human coronaviruses. J Lipid Res 2022; 63:100256. [PMID: 35921881 PMCID: PMC9339154 DOI: 10.1016/j.jlr.2022.100256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The spike protein of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and other coronaviruses mediates host cell entry and is S-acylated on multiple phylogenetically conserved cysteine residues. Multiple protein acyltransferase enzymes have been reported to post-translationally modify spike proteins; however, strategies to exploit this modification are lacking. Using resin-assisted capture MS, we demonstrate that the spike protein is S-acylated in SARS-CoV-2-infected human and monkey epithelial cells. We further show that increased abundance of the acyltransferase ZDHHC5 associates with increased S-acylation of the spike protein, whereas ZDHHC5 knockout cells had a 40% reduction in the incorporation of an alkynyl-palmitate using click chemistry detection. We also found that the S-acylation of the spike protein is not limited to palmitate, as clickable versions of myristate and stearate were also labelled the protein. Yet, we observed that ZDHHC5 was only modified when incubated with alkyne-palmitate, suggesting it has specificity for this acyl-CoA, and that other ZDHHC enzymes may use additional fatty acids to modify the spike protein. Since multiple ZDHHC isoforms may modify the spike protein, we also examined the ability of the FASN inhibitor TVB-3166 to prevent S-acylation of the spike proteins of SARS-CoV-2 and human CoV-229E. We show that treating cells with TVB-3166 inhibited S-acylation of expressed spike proteins and attenuated the ability of SARS-CoV-2 and human CoV-229E to spread in vitro. Our findings further substantiate the necessity of CoV spike protein S-acylation and demonstrate that de novo fatty acid synthesis is critical for the proper S-acylation of the spike protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrina Mekhail
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Keenan Research Centre, St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Minhyoung Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Keenan Research Centre, St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michael Sugiyama
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Ryerson University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Audrey Astori
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Elyse Latreille
- Keenan Research Centre, St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Negar Khosraviani
- Keenan Research Centre, St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kuiru Wei
- Keenan Research Centre, St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Zhijie Li
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - James Rini
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Warren L Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Keenan Research Centre, St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Costin Antonescu
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Ryerson University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Brian Raught
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Ontario, Canada; Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gregory D Fairn
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Keenan Research Centre, St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.
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Sinicropi MS, Iacopetta D, Ceramella J, Catalano A, Mariconda A, Pellegrino M, Saturnino C, Longo P, Aquaro S. Triclosan: A Small Molecule with Controversial Roles. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:735. [PMID: 35740142 PMCID: PMC9220381 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11060735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Triclosan (TCS), a broad-spectrum antimicrobial agent, has been widely used in personal care products, medical products, plastic cutting boards, and food storage containers. Colgate Total® toothpaste, containing 10 mM TCS, is effective in controlling biofilm formation and maintaining gingival health. Given its broad usage, TCS is present ubiquitously in the environment. Given its strong lipophilicity and accumulation ability in organisms, it is potentially harmful to biohealth. Several reports suggest the toxicity of this compound, which is inserted in the class of endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs). In September 2016, TCS was banned by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the European Union in soap products. Despite these problems, its application in personal care products within certain limits is still allowed. Today, it is still unclear whether TCS is truly toxic to mammals and the adverse effects of continuous, long-term, and low concentration exposure remain unknown. Indeed, some recent reports suggest the use of TCS as a repositioned drug for cancer treatment and cutaneous leishmaniasis. In this scenario it is necessary to investigate the advantages and disadvantages of TCS, to understand whether its use is advisable or not. This review intends to highlight the pros and cons that are associated with the use of TCS in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Stefania Sinicropi
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Italy; (M.S.S.); (D.I.); (J.C.); (M.P.); (S.A.)
| | - Domenico Iacopetta
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Italy; (M.S.S.); (D.I.); (J.C.); (M.P.); (S.A.)
| | - Jessica Ceramella
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Italy; (M.S.S.); (D.I.); (J.C.); (M.P.); (S.A.)
| | - Alessia Catalano
- Department of Pharmacy-Drug Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Annaluisa Mariconda
- Department of Science, University of Basilicata, 85100 Potenza, Italy; (A.M.); (C.S.)
| | - Michele Pellegrino
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Italy; (M.S.S.); (D.I.); (J.C.); (M.P.); (S.A.)
| | - Carmela Saturnino
- Department of Science, University of Basilicata, 85100 Potenza, Italy; (A.M.); (C.S.)
| | - Pasquale Longo
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, Italy;
| | - Stefano Aquaro
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Italy; (M.S.S.); (D.I.); (J.C.); (M.P.); (S.A.)
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Menendez JA, Lupu R. Fatty acid synthase: A druggable driver of breast cancer brain metastasis. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2022; 26:427-444. [PMID: 35545806 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2022.2077189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Brain metastasis (BrM) is a key contributor to morbidity and mortality in breast cancer patients, especially among high-risk epidermal growth factor receptor 2-positive (HER2+) and triple-negative/basal-like molecular subtypes. Optimal management of BrM is focused on characterizing a "BrM dependency map" to prioritize targetable therapeutic vulnerabilities. AREAS COVERED We review recent studies addressing the targeting of BrM in the lipid-deprived brain environment, which selects for brain-tropic breast cancer cells capable of cell-autonomously generating fatty acids by upregulating de novo lipogenesis via fatty acid synthase (FASN). Disruption of FASN activity impairs breast cancer growth in the brain, but not extracranially, and mapping of the molecular causes of organ-specific patterns of metastasis has uncovered an enrichment of lipid metabolism signatures in brain metastasizing cells. Targeting SREBP1-the master regulator of lipogenic gene transcription-curtails the ability of breast cancer cells to survive in the brain microenvironment. EXPERT OPINION Targeting FASN represents a new therapeutic opportunity for patients with breast cancer and BrM. Delivery of brain-permeable FASN inhibitors and identifying strategies to target metabolic plasticity that might compensate for impaired brain FASN activity are two potential roadblocks that may hinder FASN-centered strategies against BrM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier A Menendez
- Metabolism and Cancer Group, Program Against Cancer Therapeutic Resistance (ProCURE), Catalan Institute of Oncology, 17007 Girona, Spain.,Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI), 17190 Girona, Spain
| | - Ruth Lupu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Division of Experimental Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Mayo Clinic Minnesota, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.,Mayo Clinic Cancer Center, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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11
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Liefwalker DF, Ryan M, Wang Z, Pathak KV, Plaisier S, Shah V, Babra B, Dewson GS, Lai IK, Mosley AR, Fueger PT, Casey SC, Jiang L, Pirrotte P, Swaminathan S, Sears RC. Metabolic convergence on lipogenesis in RAS, BCR-ABL, and MYC-driven lymphoid malignancies. Cancer Metab 2021; 9:31. [PMID: 34399819 PMCID: PMC8369789 DOI: 10.1186/s40170-021-00263-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolic reprogramming is a central feature in many cancer subtypes and a hallmark of cancer. Many therapeutic strategies attempt to exploit this feature, often having unintended side effects on normal metabolic programs and limited efficacy due to integrative nature of metabolic substrate sourcing. Although the initiating oncogenic lesion may vary, tumor cells in lymphoid malignancies often share similar environments and potentially similar metabolic profiles. We examined cells from mouse models of MYC-, RAS-, and BCR-ABL-driven lymphoid malignancies and find a convergence on de novo lipogenesis. We explore the potential role of MYC in mediating lipogenesis by 13C glucose tracing and untargeted metabolic profiling. Inhibition of lipogenesis leads to cell death both in vitro and in vivo and does not induce cell death of normal splenocytes. METHODS We analyzed RNA-seq data sets for common metabolic convergence in lymphoma and leukemia. Using in vitro cell lines derived in from conditional MYC, RAS, and BCR-ABL transgenic murine models and oncogene-driven human cell lines, we determined gene regulation, metabolic profiles, and sensitivity to inhibition of lipogenesis in lymphoid malignancies. We utilize preclinical murine models and transgenic primary model of T-ALL to determine the effect of lipogenesis blockade across BCR-ABL-, RAS-, and c-MYC-driven lymphoid malignancies. Statistical significance was calculated using unpaired t-tests and one-way ANOVA. RESULTS This study illustrates that de novo lipid biogenesis is a shared feature of several lymphoma subtypes. Using cell lines derived from conditional MYC, RAS, and BCR-ABL transgenic murine models, we demonstrate shared responses to inhibition of lipogenesis by the acetyl-coA carboxylase inhibitor 5-(tetradecloxy)-2-furic acid (TOFA), and other lipogenesis inhibitors. We performed metabolic tracing studies to confirm the influence of c-MYC and TOFA on lipogenesis. We identify specific cell death responses to TOFA in vitro and in vivo and demonstrate delayed engraftment and progression in vivo in transplanted lymphoma cell lines. We also observe delayed progression of T-ALL in a primary transgenic mouse model upon TOFA administration. In a panel of human cell lines, we demonstrate sensitivity to TOFA treatment as a metabolic liability due to the general convergence on de novo lipogenesis in lymphoid malignancies driven by MYC, RAS, or BCR-ABL. Importantly, cell death was not significantly observed in non-malignant cells in vivo. CONCLUSIONS These studies suggest that de novo lipogenesis may be a common survival strategy for many lymphoid malignancies and may be a clinically exploitable metabolic liability. TRIAL REGISTRATION This study does not include any clinical interventions on human subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel F Liefwalker
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, 97201, USA.
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, 97201, USA.
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
| | - Meital Ryan
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Zhichao Wang
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Khyatiben V Pathak
- Collaborative Center for Translational Mass Spectrometry, Translational Genomics Research Institute, 445 N 5th St, Phoenix, AZ, 85004, USA
| | - Seema Plaisier
- Collaborative Center for Translational Mass Spectrometry, Translational Genomics Research Institute, 445 N 5th St, Phoenix, AZ, 85004, USA
| | - Vidhi Shah
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, 97201, USA
- Brenden-Colson Center for Pancreatic Care, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, 97201, USA
| | - Bobby Babra
- Molecular & Cellular Biology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, 97331, USA
| | - Gabrielle S Dewson
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, 97201, USA
- Brenden-Colson Center for Pancreatic Care, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, 97201, USA
| | - Ian K Lai
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Adriane R Mosley
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Patrick T Fueger
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Stephanie C Casey
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Lei Jiang
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Patrick Pirrotte
- Collaborative Center for Translational Mass Spectrometry, Translational Genomics Research Institute, 445 N 5th St, Phoenix, AZ, 85004, USA
| | - Srividya Swaminathan
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Department of Systems Biology, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Monrovia, CA, 91016, USA
- Department of Hematological Malignancies, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Rosalie C Sears
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, 97201, USA
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, 97201, USA
- Brenden-Colson Center for Pancreatic Care, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, 97201, USA
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12
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Czyzyk-Krzeska MF, Landero Figueroa JA, Gulati S, Cunningham JT, Meller J, ShamsaeI B, Vemuri B, Plas DR. Molecular and Metabolic Subtypes in Sporadic and Inherited Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12030388. [PMID: 33803184 PMCID: PMC7999481 DOI: 10.3390/genes12030388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The promise of personalized medicine is a therapeutic advance where tumor signatures obtained from different omics platforms, such as genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics, in addition to environmental factors including metals and metalloids, are used to guide the treatments. Clear cell renal carcinoma (ccRCC), the most common type of kidney cancer, can be sporadic (frequently) or genetic (rare), both characterized by loss of the von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) gene that controls hypoxia inducible factors. Recently, several genomic subtypes were identified with different prognoses. Transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics and metallomic data converge on altered metabolism as the principal feature of the disease. However, in view of multiple biochemical alterations and high level of tumor heterogeneity, identification of clearly defined subtypes is necessary for further improvement of treatments. In the future, single-cell combined multi-omics approaches will be the next generation of analyses gaining deeper insights into ccRCC progression and allowing for design of specific signatures, with better prognostic/predictive clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria F. Czyzyk-Krzeska
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA; (J.T.C.); (B.V.); (D.R.P.)
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Cincinnati Veteran Affairs Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45220, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and System Biology, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA; (J.A.L.F.); (J.M.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Julio A. Landero Figueroa
- Department of Pharmacology and System Biology, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA; (J.A.L.F.); (J.M.)
- Agilent Metallomics Center of the Americas, Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA
| | - Shuchi Gulati
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA;
| | - John T. Cunningham
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA; (J.T.C.); (B.V.); (D.R.P.)
| | - Jarek Meller
- Department of Pharmacology and System Biology, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA; (J.A.L.F.); (J.M.)
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
- Division of Biomedical Informatics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
- Division of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Department of Environmental and Public Health Sciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA;
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA
| | - Behrouz ShamsaeI
- Division of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Department of Environmental and Public Health Sciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA;
| | - Bhargav Vemuri
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA; (J.T.C.); (B.V.); (D.R.P.)
| | - David R. Plas
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA; (J.T.C.); (B.V.); (D.R.P.)
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