The development of hyaluronic acids used for skin tissue regeneration

Nanotechnological Research for Regenerative Medicine: The Role of Hyaluronic Acid

Hyaluronic acid (HA) is a linear, anionic, non-sulfated glycosaminoglycan occurring in almost all body tissues and fluids of vertebrates including humans. It is a main component of the extracellular matrix and, thanks to its high water-holding capacity, plays a major role in tissue hydration and osmotic pressure maintenance, but it is also involved in cell proliferation, differentiation and migration, inflammation, immunomodulation, and angiogenesis. Based on multiple physiological effects on tissue repair and reconstruction processes, HA has found extensive application in regenerative medicine. In recent years, nanotechnological research has been applied to HA in order to improve its regenerative potential, developing nanomedical formulations containing HA as the main component of multifunctional hydrogels systems, or as core component or coating/functionalizing element of nanoconstructs. This review offers an overview of the various uses of HA in regenerative medicine aimed at designing innovative nanostructured devices to be applied in various fields such as orthopedics, dermatology, and neurology.

Research Progress on Bioactive Factors against Skin Aging

The relentless pursuit of effective strategies against skin aging has led to significant interest in the role of bioactive factors, particularly secondary metabolites from natural sources. The purpose of this study is to meticulously explore and summarize the recent advancements in understanding and utilization of bioactive factors against skin aging, with a focus on their sources, mechanisms of action, and therapeutic potential. Skin, the largest organ of the body, directly interacts with the external environment, making it susceptible to aging influenced by factors such as UV radiation, pollution, and oxidative stress. Among various interventions, bioactive factors, including peptides, amino acids, and secondary metabolites, have shown promising anti-aging effects by modulating the biological pathways associated with skin integrity and youthfulness. This article provides a comprehensive overview of these bioactive compounds, emphasizing collagen peptides, antioxidants, and herbal extracts, and discusses their effectiveness in promoting collagen synthesis, enhancing skin barrier function, and mitigating the visible signs of aging. By presenting a synthesis of the current research, this study aims to highlight the therapeutic potential of these bioactive factors in developing innovative anti-aging skin care solutions, thereby contributing to the broader field of dermatological research and offering new perspectives for future studies. Our findings underscore the importance of the continued exploration of bioactive compounds for their potential to revolutionize anti-aging skin care and improve skin health and aesthetics.

Clinical Perspectives on the Injectability of Cross-Linked Hyaluronic Acid Dermal Fillers: A Standardized Methodology for Commercial Product Benchmarking with Inter-Injector Assessments

The injectability of cross-linked hyaluronic acid (HA) dermal fillers is influenced by polymer concentration, polymer cross-linking type and degree, the presence of lidocaine or other functional excipients, types of syringes, and injection techniques. Finished product injectability constitutes a critical quality attribute for clinical injectors, as it strongly influences product applicability and ease of use in aesthetic medicine. While injectable product extrusion force specifications are provided by the respective device manufacturers, the qualitative informative value of such datasets is low for injectors wishing to compare product brands and technologies from an injectability standpoint. Therefore, the present study comparatively assessed 28 cross-linked HA dermal fillers (JUVÉDERM®, Restylane®, BELOTERO®, TEOSYAL RHA®, and STYLAGE® brands) using various injectability benchmarking setups for enhanced clinical-oriented relevance. Manual product injections were performed by three specialized and experienced clinicians, whereas automatic product extrusion was performed using a Texture Analyzer instrument. The various hydrogel products were injected into ex vivo human skin and into SimSkin® cutaneous equivalents to appropriately account for injection-related counterpressure. The injectability results revealed important variability between and within product brands, with a strong influence of the local anesthetic lidocaine, HA contents, and needle gauge size. Critical appraisals of the investigated products were performed, notably from manufacturing process-based and clinical ease of application-based standpoints, centered on respective experimental injectability quality levels. Generally, it was confirmed that each HA-based dermal filler product requires specific expertise for optimal injection, mainly due to differing viscoelastic characteristics and injectability attributes. Overall, the present study set forth evidence-based and clinical-oriented rationale elements confirming the importance for injectors to work with injectable products with which they are experienced and comfortable to optimize clinical results.

Polysaccharide-based hydrogels for medical devices, implants and tissue engineering: A review

Hydrogels are highly biocompatible biomaterials composed of crosslinked three-dimensional networks of hydrophilic polymers. Owing to their natural origin, polysaccharide-based hydrogels (PBHs) possess low toxicity, high biocompatibility and demonstrate in vivo biodegradability, making them great candidates for use in various biomedical devices, implants, and tissue engineering. In addition, many polysaccharides also show additional biological activities such as antimicrobial, anticoagulant, antioxidant, immunomodulatory, hemostatic, and anti-inflammatory, which can provide additional therapeutic benefits. The porous nature of PBHs allows for the immobilization of antibodies, aptamers, enzymes and other molecules on their surface, or within their matrix, potentiating their use in biosensor devices. Specific polysaccharides can be used to produce transparent hydrogels, which have been used widely to fabricate ocular implants. The ability of PBHs to encapsulate drugs and other actives has been utilized for making neural implants and coatings for cardiovascular devices (stents, pacemakers and venous catheters) and urinary catheters. Their high water-absorption capacity has been exploited to make superabsorbent diapers and sanitary napkins. The barrier property and mechanical strength of PBHs has been used to develop gels and films as anti-adhesive formulations for the prevention of post-operative adhesion. Finally, by virtue of their ability to mimic various body tissues, they have been explored as scaffolds and bio-inks for tissue engineering of a wide variety of organs. These applications have been described in detail, in this review.

A hyaluronic acid / chitosan composite functionalized hydrogel based on enzyme-catalyzed and Schiff base reaction for promoting wound healing

The healing of full-thickness skin defect has been a clinical challenge. Hydrogels with multiple functions inspired by extracellular matrix are expected to be used as wound dressing. In this paper, dopamine-grafted oxidized hyaluronic acid was blended with quaternary ammonium chitosan to form a composite functionalized hydrogel by enzyme-catalyzed cross-linking and Schiff base reaction. The hydrogel has convenient preparation, good biocompatibility, antibacterial and antioxidant, high adhesion and self-healing properties. The results in vivo show that the hydrogel can effectively close the wound and accelerate the speed of wound healing by up-regulating the expression of angiogenic protein and promoting the distribution of collagen deposition more uniform and regular. It is expected that this composite functionalized hydrogel dressing has great potential in wound regeneration.

Mussel bioinspired, silver-coated and insulin-loaded mesoporous polydopamine nanoparticles reinforced hyaluronate-based fibrous hydrogel for potential diabetic wound healing

Diabetes wounds take longer to heal due to extended inflammation, decreased angiogenesis, bacterial infection, and oxidative stress. These factors underscore the need for biocompatible and multifunctional dressings with appropriate physicochemical and swelling properties to accelerate wound healing. Herein, insulin (Ins)-loaded, and silver (Ag) coated mesoporous polydopamine (mPD) nanoparticles were synthesized (Ag@Ins-mPD). The nanoparticles were dispersed into polycaprolactone/methacrylated hyaluronate aldehyde dispersion, electrospun to form nanofibers, and then photochemically crosslinked to form a fibrous hydrogel. The nanoparticle, fibrous hydrogel, and nanoparticle-reinforced fibrous hydrogel were characterized for their morphological, mechanical, physicochemical, swelling, drug-release, antibacterial, antioxidant, and cytocompatibility properties. The diabetic wound reconstruction potential of nanoparticle-reinforced fibrous hydrogel was studied using BALB/c mice. The results indicated that Ins-mPD acted as a reductant to synthesize Ag nanoparticles on their surface, held antibacterial and antioxidant potential, and their mesoporous properties are crucial for insulin loading and sustained release. The nanoparticle-reinforced scaffolds were uniform in architecture, porous, mechanically stable, showed good swelling, and possessed superior antibacterial, and cell-responsive properties. Furthermore, the designed fibrous hydrogel scaffold demonstrated good angiogenic, anti-inflammatory, increased collagen deposition, and faster wound repair capabilities, therefore, it could be used as a potential candidate for diabetic wound treatment.

The influence of the ultrasonic treatment of working fluids on electrospun amorphous solid dispersions

Based on a working fluid consisting of a poorly water-soluble drug and a pharmaceutical polymer in an organic solvent, electrospinning has been widely exploited to create a variety of amorphous solid dispersions However, there have been very few reports about how to prepare the working fluid in a reasonable manner. In this study, an investigation was conducted to determine the influences of ultrasonic fluid pretreatment on the quality of resultant ASDs fabricated from the working fluids. SEM results demonstrated that nanofiber-based amorphous solid dispersions from the treated fluids treated amorphous solid dispersions exhibited better quality than the traditional nanofibers from untreated fluids in the following aspects: 1) a straighter linear morphology; 2) a smooth surface; and 3) a more evener diameter distribution. The fabrication mechanism associated with the influences of ultrasonic treatments of working fluids on the resultant nanofibers' quality is suggested. Although XRD and ATR-FTIR experiments clearly verified that the drug ketoprofen was homogeneously distributed all over the TASDs and the traditional nanofibers in an amorphous state regardless of the ultrasonic treatments, the in vitro dissolution tests clearly demonstrated that the TASDs had a better sustained drug release performance than the traditional nanofibers in terms of the initial release rate and the sustained release time periods.

Electrospun self-emulsifying core-shell nanofibers for effective delivery of paclitaxel

The poor solubility of numerous drugs pose a long-existing challenge to the researchers in the fields of pharmaceutics, bioengineering and biotechnology. Many "top-down" and "bottom-up" nano fabrication methods have been exploited to provide solutions for this issue. In this study, a combination strategy of top-down process (electrospinning) and bottom-up (self-emulsifying) was demonstrated to be useful for enhancing the dissolution of a typical poorly water-soluble anticancer model drug (paclitaxel, PTX). With polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K90) as the filament-forming matrix and drug carrier, polyoxyethylene castor oil (PCO) as emulsifier, and triglyceride (TG) as oil phase, Both a single-fluid blending process and a coaxial process were utilized to prepare medicated nanofibers. Scanning electron microscope and transmission electron microscope (TEM) results clearly demonstrated the morphology and inner structures of the nanofibers. The lipid nanoparticles of emulsions after self-emulsification were also assessed through TEM. The encapsulation efficiency (EE) and in vitro dissolution tests demonstrated that the cores-shell nanofibers could provide a better self-emulsifying process int terms of a higher EE and a better drug sustained release profile. Meanwhile, an increase of sheath fluid rate could benefit an even better results, suggesting a clear process-property-performance relationship. The protocols reported here pave anew way for effective oral delivery of poorly water-soluble drug.

Progress of Electrospun Nanofibrous Carriers for Modifications to Drug Release Profiles

Electrospinning is an advanced technology for the preparation of drug-carrying nanofibers that has demonstrated great advantages in the biomedical field. Electrospun nanofiber membranes are widely used in the field of drug administration due to their advantages such as their large specific surface area and similarity to the extracellular matrix. Different electrospinning technologies can be used to prepare nanofibers of different structures, such as those with a monolithic structure, a core-shell structure, a Janus structure, or a porous structure. It is also possible to prepare nanofibers with different controlled-release functions, such as sustained release, delayed release, biphasic release, and targeted release. This paper elaborates on the preparation of drug-loaded nanofibers using various electrospinning technologies and concludes the mechanisms behind the controlled release of drugs.

Advances in the Preparation of Nanofiber Dressings by Electrospinning for Promoting Diabetic Wound Healing

Chronic diabetic wounds are one of the main complications of diabetes, manifested by persistent inflammation, decreased epithelialization motility, and impaired wound healing. This will not only lead to the repeated hospitalization of patients, but also bear expensive hospitalization costs. In severe cases, it can lead to amputation, sepsis or death. Electrospun nanofibers membranes have the characteristics of high porosity, high specific surface area, and easy functionalization of structure, so they can be used as a safe and effective platform in the treatment of diabetic wounds and have great application potential. This article briefly reviewed the pathogenesis of chronic diabetic wounds and the types of dressings commonly used, and then reviewed the development of electrospinning technology in recent years and the advantages of electrospun nanofibers in the treatment of diabetic wounds. Finally, the reports of different types of nanofiber dressings on diabetic wounds are summarized, and the method of using multi-drug combination therapy in diabetic wounds is emphasized, which provides new ideas for the effective treatment of diabetic wounds.

The Applications of Ferulic-Acid-Loaded Fibrous Films for Fruit Preservation

The aim of this study was to develop a novel ultrathin fibrous membrane with a core-sheath structure as an antioxidant food packaging membrane. The core-sheath structure was prepared by coaxial electrospinning, and the release of active substances was regulated by its special structure. Ferulic acid (FA) was incorporated into the electrospun zein/polyethylene oxide ultrathin fibers to ensure their synergistic antioxidant properties. We found that the prepared ultrathin fibers had a good morphology and smooth surface. The internal structure of the fibers was stable, and the three materials that we used were compatible. For the different loading positions, it was observed that the core layer ferulic-acid-loaded fibers had a sustained action, while the sheath layer ferulic-acid-loaded fibers had a pre-burst action. Finally, apples were selected for packaging using fibrous membranes to simulate practical applications. The fibrous membrane was effective in reducing water loss and apple quality loss, as well as extending the shelf life. According to these experiments, the FA-loaded zein/PEO coaxial electrospinning fiber can be used as antioxidant food packaging and will also undergo more improvements in the future.

Electrospun Nanofibers for Periodontal Treatment: A Recent Progress

Periodontitis is a major threat to oral health, prompting scientists to continuously study new treatment techniques. The nanofibrous membrane prepared via electrospinning has a large specific surface area and high porosity. On the one hand, electrospun nanofibers can improve the absorption capacity of proteins and promote the expression of specific genes. On the other hand, they can improve cell adhesion properties and prevent fibroblasts from passing through the barrier membrane. Therefore, electrospinning has unique advantages in periodontal treatment. At present, many oral nanofibrous membranes with antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and tissue regeneration properties have been prepared for periodontal treatment. First, this paper introduces the electrospinning process. Then, the commonly used polymers of electrospun nanofibrous membranes for treating periodontitis are summarized. Finally, different types of nanofibrous membranes prepared via electrospinning for periodontal treatment are presented, and the future evolution of electrospinning to treat periodontitis is described.

Advances in the Application of Electrospun Drug-Loaded Nanofibers in the Treatment of Oral Ulcers

Oral ulcers affect oral and systemic health and have high prevalence in the population. There are significant individual differences in the etiology and extent of the disease among patients. In the treatment of oral ulcers, nanofiber films can control the drug-release rate and enable long-term local administration. Compared to other drug-delivery methods, nanofiber films avoid the disadvantages of frequent administration and certain side effects. Electrospinning is a simple and effective method for preparing nanofiber films. Currently, electrospinning technology has made significant breakthroughs in energy-saving and large-scale production. This paper summarizes the polymers that enable oral mucosal adhesion and the active pharmaceutical ingredients used for oral ulcers. Moreover, the therapeutic effects of currently available electrospun nanofiber films on oral ulcers in animal experiments and clinical trials are investigated. In addition, solvent casting and cross-linking methods can be used in conjunction with electrospinning techniques. Based on the literature, more administration systems with different polymers and loading components can be inspired. These administration systems are expected to have synergistic effects and achieve better therapeutic effects. This not only provides new possibilities for drug-loaded nanofibers but also brings new hope for the treatment of oral ulcers.

Electrospun Zein/Polyoxyethylene Core-Sheath Ultrathin Fibers and Their Antibacterial Food Packaging Applications

The purpose of this work is to develop a novel ultrathin fibrous membrane with a core-sheath structure as antibacterial food packaging film. Coaxial electrospinning was exploited to create the core-sheath structure, by which the delivery regulation of the active substance was achieved. Resveratrol (RE) and silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were loaded into electrospun zein/polyethylene oxide ultrathin fibers to ensure a synergistic antibacterial performance. Under the assessments of a scanning electron microscope and transmission electron microscope, the ultrathin fiber was demonstrated to have a fine linear morphology, smooth surface and obvious core-sheath structure. X-ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared analyses showed that RE and AgNPs coexisted in the ultrathin fibers and had good compatibility with the polymeric matrices. The water contact angle experiments were conducted to evaluate the hydrophilicity and hygroscopicity of the fibers. In vitro dissolution tests revealed that RE was released in a sustained manner. In the antibacterial experiments against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, the diameters of the inhibition zone of the fiber were 8.89 ± 0.09 mm and 7.26 ± 0.10 mm, respectively. Finally, cherry tomatoes were selected as the packaging object and packed with fiber films. In a practical application, the fiber films effectively reduced the bacteria and decreased the quality loss of cherry tomatoes, thereby prolonging the fresh-keeping period of cherry tomatoes to 12 days. Following the protocols reported here, many new food packaging films can be similarly developed in the future.

Electrospun nanofiber-based glucose sensors for glucose detection

Diabetes is a chronic, systemic metabolic disease that leads to multiple complications, even death. Meanwhile, the number of people with diabetes worldwide is increasing year by year. Sensors play an important role in the development of biomedical devices. The development of efficient, stable, and inexpensive glucose sensors for the continuous monitoring of blood glucose levels has received widespread attention because they can provide reliable data for diabetes prevention and diagnosis. Electrospun nanofibers are new kinds of functional nanocomposites that show incredible capabilities for high-level biosensing. This article reviews glucose sensors based on electrospun nanofibers. The principles of the glucose sensor, the types of glucose measurement, and the glucose detection methods are briefly discussed. The principle of electrospinning and its applications and advantages in glucose sensors are then introduced. This article provides a comprehensive summary of the applications and advantages of polymers and nanomaterials in electrospun nanofiber-based glucose sensors. The relevant applications and comparisons of enzymatic and non-enzymatic nanofiber-based glucose sensors are discussed in detail. The main advantages and disadvantages of glucose sensors based on electrospun nanofibers are evaluated, and some solutions are proposed. Finally, potential commercial development and improved methods for glucose sensors based on electrospinning nanofibers are discussed.

Recent Progress in Electrospun Polyacrylonitrile Nanofiber-Based Wound Dressing

Bleeding control plays a very important role in worldwide healthcare, which also promotes research and development of wound dressings. The wound healing process involves four stages of hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation and remodeling, which is a complex process, and wound dressings play a huge role in it. Electrospinning technology is simple to operate. Electrospun nanofibers have a high specific surface area, high porosity, high oxygen permeability, and excellent mechanical properties, which show great utilization value in the manufacture of wound dressings. As one of the most popular reactive and functional synthetic polymers, polyacrylonitrile (PAN) is frequently explored to create nanofibers for a wide variety of applications. In recent years, researchers have invested in the application of PAN nanofibers in wound dressings. Research on spun nanofibers is reviewed, and future development directions and prospects of electrospun PAN nanofibers for wound dressings are proposed.

Electrospun Core (HPMC-Acetaminophen)-Shell (PVP-Sucralose) Nanohybrids for Rapid Drug Delivery

The gels of cellulose and its derivatives have a broad and deep application in pharmaceutics; however, limited attention has been paid to the influences of other additives on the gelation processes and their functional performances. In this study, a new type of electrospun core-shell nanohybrid was fabricated using modified, coaxial electrospinning which contained composites of hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (HPMC) and acetaminophen (AAP) in the core sections and composites of PVP and sucralose in the shell sections. A series of characterizations demonstrated that the core-shell hybrids had linear morphology with clear core-shell nanostructures, and AAP and sucralose distributed in the core and shell section in an amorphous state separately due to favorable secondary interactions such as hydrogen bonding. Compared with the electrospun HPMC-AAP nanocomposites from single-fluid electrospinning of the core fluid, the core-shell nanohybrids were able to promote the water absorbance and HMPC gelation formation processes, which, in turn, ensured a faster release of AAP for potential orodispersible drug delivery applications. The mechanisms of the drug released from these nanofibers were demonstrated to be a combination of erosion and diffusion mechanisms. The presented protocols pave a way to adjust the properties of electrospun, cellulose-based, fibrous gels for better functional applications.

A Review on Electrospun Poly(amino acid) Nanofibers and Their Applications of Hemostasis and Wound Healing

The timely and effective control and repair of wound bleeding is a key research issue all over the world. From traditional compression hemostasis to a variety of new hemostatic methods, people have a more comprehensive understanding of the hemostatic mechanism and the structure and function of different types of wound dressings. Electrospun nanofibers stand out with nano size, high specific surface area, higher porosity, and a variety of complex structures. They are high-quality materials that can effectively promote wound hemostasis and wound healing because they can imitate the structural characteristics of the skin extracellular matrix (ECM) and support cell adhesion and angiogenesis. At the same time, combined with amino acid polymers with good biocompatibility not only has high compatibility with the human body but can also be combined with a variety of drugs to further improve the effect of wound hemostatic dressing. This paper summarizes the application of different amino acid electrospun wound dressings, analyzes the characteristics of different materials in preparation and application, and looks forward to the development of directions of poly(amino acid) electrospun dressings in hemostasis.

Hybrid Films Prepared from a Combination of Electrospinning and Casting for Offering a Dual-Phase Drug Release

One of the most important trends in developments in electrospinning is to combine itself with traditional materials production and transformation methods to take advantage of the unique properties of nanofibers. In this research, the single-fluid blending electrospinning process was combined with the casting film method to fabricate a medicated double-layer hybrid to provide a dual-phase drug controlled release profile, with ibuprofen (IBU) as a common model of a poorly water-soluble drug and ethyl cellulose (EC) and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) K60 as the polymeric excipients. Electrospun medicated IBU-PVP nanofibers (F7), casting IBU-EC films (F8) and the double-layer hybrid films (DHFs, F9) with one layer of electrospun nanofibers containing IBU and PVP and the other layer of casting films containing IBU, EC and PVP, were prepared successfully. The SEM assessments demonstrated that F7 were in linear morphologies without beads or spindles, F8 were solid films, and F9 were composed of one porous fibrous layer and one solid layer. XRD and FTIR results verified that both EC and PVP were compatible with IBU. In vitro dissolution tests indicated that F7 were able to provide a pulsatile IBU release, F8 offered a typical drug sustained release, whereas F9 were able to exhibit a dual-phase controlled release with 40.3 ± 5.1% in the first phase for a pulsatile manner and the residues were released in an extended manner in the second phase. The DHFs from a combination of electrospinning and the casting method pave a new way for developing novel functional materials.

Electrospun Medical Sutures for Wound Healing: A Review

With the increasing demand for wound healing around the world, the level of medical equipment is also increasing, but sutures are still the preferred medical equipment for medical personnel to solve wound closures. Compared with the traditional sutures, the nanofiber sutures produced by combining the preparation technology of drug-eluting sutures have greatly improved both mechanical properties and biological properties. Electrospinning technology has attracted more attention as one of the most convenient and simple methods for preparing functional nanofibers and the related sutures. This review firstly discusses the structural classification of sutures and the performance analysis affecting the manufacture and use of sutures, followed by the discussion and classification of electrospinning technology, and then summarizes the relevant research on absorbable and non-absorbable sutures. Finally, several common polymers and biologically active substances used in creating sutures are concluded, the related applications of sutures are discussed, and the future prospects of electrospinning sutures are suggested.

Electrospun Hybrid Films for Fast and Convenient Delivery of Active Herb Extracts

Herb medicines are popular for safe application due to being a source of natural herbs. However, how to deliver them in an efficacious and convenient manner poses a big challenge to researchers. In this study, a new concept is demonstrated that the electrospun polymer-based hybrid films can be a platform for promoting the delivery of a mixture of active herb extract, i.e., Lianhua Qingwen Keli (LQK), also a commercial traditional Chinese patent medicine. The LQK can be co-dissolved with the filament-forming polymeric polyvinylpyrrolidone K60 and a sweeter sucralose to prepare an electrospinnable solution. A handheld electrospinning apparatus was explored to transfer the solution into solid nanofibers, i.e., the LQK-loaded medicated films. These films were demonstrated to be composed of linear nanofibers. A puncher was utilized to transfer the mat into circular membrane a diameter of 15 mm. Two self-created methods were developed for disclosing the dissolution performances of the electrospun mats. Both the water droplet experiments and the wet paper (mimic tongue) experiments verified that the hybrid films can rapidly disintegrate when they encounter water and release the loaded LQK in an immediate manner. Based on the reasonable selections of polymeric excipients, the present protocols pave a way for delivering many types of active herb extracts in an effective and convenient manner.

Hydrogel Preparation Methods and Biomaterials for Wound Dressing

Wounds have become one of the causes of death worldwide. The metabolic disorder of the wound microenvironment can lead to a series of serious symptoms, especially chronic wounds that bring great pain to patients, and there is currently no effective and widely used wound dressing. Therefore, it is important to develop new multifunctional wound dressings. Hydrogel is an ideal dressing candidate because of its 3D structure, good permeability, excellent biocompatibility, and ability to provide a moist environment for wound repair, which overcomes the shortcomings of traditional dressings. This article first briefly introduces the skin wound healing process, then the preparation methods of hydrogel dressings and the characteristics of hydrogel wound dressings made of natural biomaterials and synthetic materials are introduced. Finally, the development prospects and challenges of hydrogel wound dressings are discussed.