Astaxanthin Reduces Demyelination and Oligodendrocytes Death in A Rat Model of Multiple Sclerosis

Unleashing nature's potential and limitations: Exploring molecular targeted pathways and safe alternatives for the treatment of multiple sclerosis (Review)

Driven by the limitations and obstacles of the available approaches and medications for multiple sclerosis (MS) that still cannot treat the disease, but only aid in accelerating the recovery from its attacks, the use of naturally occurring molecules as a potentially safe and effective treatment for MS is being explored in model organisms. MS is a devastating disease involving the brain and spinal cord, and its symptoms vary widely. Multiple molecular pathways are involved in the pathogenesis of the disease. The present review showcases the recent advancements in harnessing nature's resources to combat MS. By deciphering the molecular pathways involved in the pathogenesis of the disease, a wealth of potential therapeutic agents is uncovered that may revolutionize the treatment of MS. Thus, a new hope can be envisioned in the future, aiming at paving the way toward identifying novel safe alternatives to improve the lives of patients with MS.

Myelin sheath injury and repairment after subarachnoid hemorrhage

Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) can lead to damage to the myelin sheath in white matter. Through classification and analysis of relevant research results, the discussion in this paper provides a deeper understanding of the spatiotemporal change characteristics, pathophysiological mechanisms and treatment strategies of myelin sheath injury after SAH. The research progress for this condition was also systematically reviewed and compared related to myelin sheath in other fields. Serious deficiencies were identified in the research on myelin sheath injury and treatment after SAH. It is necessary to focus on the overall situation and actively explore different treatment methods based on the spatiotemporal changes in the characteristics of the myelin sheath, as well as the initiation, intersection and common action point of the pathophysiological mechanism, to finally achieve accurate treatment. We hope that this article can help researchers in this field to further clarify the challenges and opportunities in the current research on myelin sheath injury and treatment after SAH.

Progress in the Application of Drugs for the Treatment of Multiple Sclerosis

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune and chronic inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS), which gives rise to focal lesion in CNS and cause physical disorders. Although environmental factors and susceptibility genes are reported to play a role in the pathogenesis of MS, its etiology still remains unclear. At present, there is no complete cure, but there are drugs that decelerate the progression of MS. Traditional therapies are disease-modifying drugs that control disease severity. MS drugs that are currently marketed mainly aim at the immune system; however, increasing attention is being paid to the development of new treatment strategies targeting the CNS. Further, the number of neuroprotective drugs is presently undergoing clinical trials and may prove useful for the improvement of neuronal function and survival. In this review, we have summarized the recent application of drugs used in MS treatment, mainly introducing new drugs with immunomodulatory, neuroprotective, or regenerative properties and their possible treatment strategies for MS. Additionally, we have presented Food and Drug Administration-approved MS treatment drugs and their administration methods, mechanisms of action, safety, and effectiveness, thereby evaluating their treatment efficacy.