1
|
Abstract
Methamphetamine (METH) is an illicit psychostimulant that is widely abused. The molecular mechanism of METH addiction is complicated and still unknown. METH causes the release of the neurotransmitters including dopamine, glutamate, norepinephrine and serotonin, which activate various brain areas in the central nervous system. METH also induces synaptic plasticity and pathological memory enhancement. Epigenetics plays the important roles in regulating METH addiction. This review will briefly summarize the studies on epigenetics involved in METH addiction.
Collapse
|
2
|
Reynolds GP. The neurochemical pathology of schizophrenia: post-mortem studies from dopamine to parvalbumin. J Neural Transm (Vienna). [PMID: 34935080 PMCID: PMC9188531 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-021-02453-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Research in Peter Riederer’s lab in Vienna in the late 1970’s came from a strong tradition in post-mortem neurochemical studies, at that time a relatively niche approach in neuroscience research. He was also early to recognise the value of post-mortem brain tissue in elucidating pharmacological mechanisms of neuropsychiatric treatments. I was fortunate to have Peter Riederer as a mentor in my early post-doctoral career; his generous support and the opportunities to use post-mortem brain tissue provided an invaluable grounding on which much of my future research was based. In this paper, I shall provide a brief overview of one trajectory of my research into the neurobiology of schizophrenia that started in the Riederer lab in Vienna investigating dopamine and the D2 receptor. Subsequent research to understand findings of increased dopamine resulted in the identification of reduced GABAergic innervation, culminating in the finding of a deficit in the parvalbumin-containing subtype of GABAergic neurons. Most recent work has been studying how changes in DNA methylation of the parvalbumin gene may relate to these findings in psychotic illness and its animal models.
Collapse
|
3
|
Jayanthi S, McCoy MT, Cadet JL. Epigenetic Regulatory Dynamics in Models of Methamphetamine-Use Disorder. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:1614. [PMID: 34681009 DOI: 10.3390/genes12101614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Methamphetamine (METH)-use disorder (MUD) is a very serious, potentially lethal, biopsychosocial disease. Exposure to METH causes long-term changes to brain regions involved in reward processing and motivation, leading vulnerable individuals to engage in pathological drug-seeking and drug-taking behavior that can remain a lifelong struggle. It is crucial to elucidate underlying mechanisms by which exposure to METH leads to molecular neuroadaptive changes at transcriptional and translational levels. Changes in gene expression are controlled by post-translational modifications via chromatin remodeling. This review article focuses on the brain-region specific combinatorial or distinct epigenetic modifications that lead to METH-induced changes in gene expression.
Collapse
|
4
|
Iamjan SA, Thanoi S, Watiktinkorn P, Fachim H, Dalton CF, Nudmamud-Thanoi S, Reynolds GP. Changes of BDNF exon IV DNA methylation are associated with methamphetamine dependence. Epigenomics 2021; 13:953-965. [PMID: 34008409 DOI: 10.2217/epi-2020-0463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: We investigated DNA methylation of BDNF in methamphetamine (METH) dependence in humans and an animal model. Materials & methods: BDNF methylation at exon IV was determined by pyrosequencing of blood DNA from METH-dependent and control subjects, and from rat brain following an escalating dose of METH or vehicle. Bdnf expression was determined in rat brain. Results: BDNF methylation was increased in human METH dependence, greatest in subjects with psychosis and in prefrontal cortex of METH-administered rats; rat hippocampus showed reduced Bdnf methylation and increased gene expression. Conclusion: BDNF methylation is abnormal in human METH dependence, especially METH-dependent psychosis, and in METH-administered rats. This may influence BDNF expression and contribute to the neurotoxic effects of METH exposure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sri-Arun Iamjan
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medical Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand.,Centre of Excellence in Medical Biotechnology, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Burapha University, Chonburi 20131, Thailand
| | - Samur Thanoi
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medical Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand.,Centre of Excellence in Medical Biotechnology, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand
| | | | - Helene Fachim
- Biomolecular Sciences Research Centre, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield S1 1WB, UK.,Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Salford M6 8HD, UK
| | - Caroline F Dalton
- Biomolecular Sciences Research Centre, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield S1 1WB, UK
| | - Sutisa Nudmamud-Thanoi
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medical Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand.,Centre of Excellence in Medical Biotechnology, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand
| | - Gavin P Reynolds
- Centre of Excellence in Medical Biotechnology, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand.,Biomolecular Sciences Research Centre, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield S1 1WB, UK
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Nudmamud-Thanoi S, Veerasakul S, Thanoi S. Pharmacogenetics of drug dependence: Polymorphisms of genes involved in GABA neurotransmission. Neurosci Lett 2020; 726:134463. [PMID: 31472163 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2019.134463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Revised: 08/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
GABA plays a critical role in brain reward pathways via projecting signals from the ventral tegmental area to the nucleus accumbens. Activation of the reward circuitry by abused drugs induces abnormalities of GABA neurotransmission. Recent studies have indicated the involvement of GABAergic genes in the mechanism of drug dependence and its consequences. The aim of this paper is to provide a brief review of association studies of GABA-related genes with drug dependence. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in genes involved in GABA neurotransmission such as GABA receptor genes (GABR, GABBR), and glutamic acid decarboxylase genes (GAD) are the focus of this review as potential risk factors for drug dependence and its consequence psychosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sutisa Nudmamud-Thanoi
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medical Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, 65000, Thailand; Centre of Excellence in Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medical Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, 65000, Thailand.
| | - Siriluk Veerasakul
- Centre of Excellence in Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medical Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, 65000, Thailand; Department of Occupational Health and Safety, School of Public Health, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, 80160, Thailand
| | - Samur Thanoi
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medical Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, 65000, Thailand; Centre of Excellence in Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medical Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, 65000, Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Abstract
For precisely regulating intracellular Ca2+ signals in a time- and space-dependent manner, cells make use of various components of the "Ca2+ signaling toolkit," including Ca2+ entry and Ca2+ extrusion systems. A class of cytosolic Ca2+-binding proteins termed Ca2+ buffers serves as modulators of such, mostly short-lived Ca2+ signals. Prototypical Ca2+ buffers include parvalbumins (α and β isoforms), calbindin-D9k, calbindin-D28k, and calretinin. Although initially considered to function as pure Ca2+ buffers, that is, as intracellular Ca2+ signal modulators controlling the shape (amplitude, decay, spread) of Ca2+ signals, evidence has accumulated that calbindin-D28k and calretinin have additional Ca2+ sensor functions. These other functions are brought about by direct interactions with target proteins, thereby modulating their targets' function/activity. Dysregulation of Ca2+ buffer expression is associated with several neurologic/neurodevelopmental disorders including autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and schizophrenia. In some cases, the presence of these proteins is presumed to confer a neuroprotective effect, as evidenced in animal models of Parkinson's or Alzheimer's disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Beat Schwaller
- Department of Anatomy, Section of Medicine, University of Fribourg, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Liu L, Luo T, Dong H, Zhang C, Liu T, Zhang X, Hao W. Genome-Wide DNA Methylation Analysis in Male Methamphetamine Users With Different Addiction Qualities. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:588229. [PMID: 33192735 PMCID: PMC7645035 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.588229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper aimed to explore the genome-wide DNA methylation status of methamphetamine (MA) abusers with different qualities to addiction and to identify differentially methylated candidate genes. A total of 207 male MA abusers with an MA abuse frequency of ≥10 times and an MA abuse duration of ≥1 year were assigned to the high MA addiction quality group (HMAQ group; 168 subjects who met the diagnostic criteria for MA dependence according to the DSM-IV) or to the low MA addictive quality group (LMAQ group; 39 subjects who did not meet the criteria for MA dependence). In addition 105 healthy controls were recruited. Eight HMAQ subjects, eight LMAQ subjects, and eight healthy controls underwent genome-wide DNA methylation scans with an Infinium Human Methylation 450 array (Illumina). The differentially methylated region (DMR) data were entered into pathway analysis, and the differentially methylated position (DMP) data were screened for candidate genes and verified by MethyLight qPCR with all samples. Seven specific pathways with an abnormal methylation status were identified, including the circadian entrainment, cholinergic synapse, glutamatergic synapse, retrograde endocannabinoid signaling, GABAergic synapse, morphine addiction and PI3K-Akt signaling pathways. SLC1A6, BHLHB9, LYNX1, CAV2, and PCSK9 showed differences in their methylation levels in the three groups. Only the number of methylated copies of CAV2 was significantly higher in the LMAQ group than in the HMAQ group. Our findings suggest that the circadian entrainment pathway and the caveolin-2 gene may play key roles in MA addiction quality. Further studies on their functions and mechanisms will help us to better understand the pathogenesis of MA addiction and to explore new targets for drug intervention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liang Liu
- Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, Wuxi Mental Health Center, Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health Institute of the Second Xiangya Hospital, National Clinical Research Center on Mental Disorders, National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Tao Luo
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health Institute of the Second Xiangya Hospital, National Clinical Research Center on Mental Disorders, National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Department of Clinic Psychiatry, Jiangxi Mental Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Huixi Dong
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health Institute of the Second Xiangya Hospital, National Clinical Research Center on Mental Disorders, National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Chenxi Zhang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health Institute of the Second Xiangya Hospital, National Clinical Research Center on Mental Disorders, National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Tieqiao Liu
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health Institute of the Second Xiangya Hospital, National Clinical Research Center on Mental Disorders, National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiangyang Zhang
- Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Hao
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health Institute of the Second Xiangya Hospital, National Clinical Research Center on Mental Disorders, National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Thaweethee-Sukjai B, Suttajit S, Thanoi S, Dalton CF, Reynolds GP, Nudmamud-Thanoi S. Parvalbumin Promoter Methylation Altered in Major Depressive Disorder. Int J Med Sci 2019; 16:1207-1214. [PMID: 31588185 PMCID: PMC6775273 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.36131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims: To determine the extent of DNA methylation of parvalbumin gene (PVALB) promoter in major depressive disorder (MDD) patients with and without suicide attempt in comparison with healthy controls. Methods: The extracted DNA from dried blood spots of MDD patients (n = 92) including non-suicidal MDD and suicidal-MDD subgroups (n = 45 and n = 47, respectively) and age-matched control subjects (n = 95) was used for DNA methylation analysis at four CpG sites in the promoter sequence of PVALB by pyrosequencing. Results: The PVALB methylation was significantly increased at CpG2 and decreased at CpG4 in the MDD group compared to the control group, while there was no difference between non-suicidal MDD and suicidal-MDD subgroups. A significant inverse correlation of severity of MDD was indicated only for CpG4. Conclusion: This study provides the first evidence of abnormalities of PVALB promoter methylation in MDD and its correlation with MDD severity indicating a role for epigenetics in this psychiatric disorder.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamard Thaweethee-Sukjai
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medical Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, 65000, Thailand.,Centre of Excellence in Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medical Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, 65000, Thailand
| | - Sirijit Suttajit
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Samur Thanoi
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medical Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, 65000, Thailand.,Centre of Excellence in Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medical Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, 65000, Thailand
| | - Caroline F Dalton
- Biomolecular Sciences Research Centre, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, S1 1WB, UK
| | - Gavin P Reynolds
- Centre of Excellence in Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medical Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, 65000, Thailand.,Biomolecular Sciences Research Centre, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, S1 1WB, UK
| | - Sutisa Nudmamud-Thanoi
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medical Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, 65000, Thailand.,Centre of Excellence in Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medical Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, 65000, Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Abstract
Deficits of brain parvalbumin (PV) are a consistent finding in schizophrenia and models of psychosis. We investigated whether this is associated with abnormal PV gene (PVALB) methylation in the brain in schizophrenia. Bisulfite pyrosequencing was used to determine cytosine (CpG) methylation in a PVALB promoter sequence. Greater PVALB methylation was found in schizophrenia hippocampus, while no differences were observed in prefrontal cortex. LINE-1 methylation, a measure of global methylation, was also elevated in both regions in schizophrenia, although the PVALB change was independent of this effect. These results provide the first evidence that PVALB promoter methylation is abnormal in schizophrenia and suggest that this epigenetic finding may relate to the reduction of PV expression seen in the disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Helene A Fachim
- Biomolecular Sciences Research Center, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, UK
| | - Umarat Srisawat
- Biomolecular Sciences Research Center, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, UK
| | - Caroline F Dalton
- Biomolecular Sciences Research Center, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, UK
| | - Gavin P Reynolds
- Biomolecular Sciences Research Center, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, UK
| |
Collapse
|