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Saarimäki SM, Reiterä P, Täckman A, Arokoski J, Vainionpää A, Kallinen M, Tallqvist S, Koskinen E, Hämäläinen H, Kauppila AM, Anttila H, Hiekkala S. Environmental barriers perceived by the Finnish population with spinal cord injury: a cross-sectional survey. Spinal Cord 2024:10.1038/s41393-024-00990-x. [PMID: 38654113 DOI: 10.1038/s41393-024-00990-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN Cross-sectional survey of the Finnish population with spinal cord injury (SCI). OBJECTIVES To explore the frequencies of perceived environmental barriers (EB) that made participation harder for the Finnish population with SCI and to compare the occurrence of perceived EBs by gender, age, time since injury, and injury severity. SETTING Participants were recruited from the registers of the three SCI outpatient clinics responsible for the lifelong care of people with SCI in Finland. METHODS The self-administered Nottwil Environmental Factors Inventory Short Form (NEFI-SF) collected in the Finnish Spinal Cord Injury Study (FinSCI) (n = 1772) was used. Nonparametric tests and multinomial logistic regression models were utilized. RESULTS 880 individuals responded to the NEFI-SF items (response rate 50%). Climate was perceived as a barrier by 72% and a serious one by 44% of the respondents. The rates regarding public access were 59% and 24%, private home access 46% and 18%, and long-distance transport 45% and 20%. Four out of ten respondents reported that finances, lack of assistive devices for short-distance transport, and political decisions restricted their participation. The NEFI-SF total scores were higher (meaning more perceived restrictions by EBs) for those more severely injured. CONCLUSIONS Climate, access to public and private places, challenges with transport, finances, and political decisions were the EBs most frequently perceived to restrict participation by the Finnish population with SCI. Most EBs that were prominent causes of restrictions are modifiable. Greater accessibility to the built environment, equal services to all, and positive special treatment could reduce their effects.
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Grants
- HUS/53/2017, §9 9.6.2017 Helsingin ja Uudenmaan Sairaanhoitopiiri (Helsinki University Central Hospital)
- HUS/76/2018, §11 18.4.2018 Helsingin ja Uudenmaan Sairaanhoitopiiri (Helsinki University Central Hospital)
- HUS/174/201, §1 12.4.2019 Helsingin ja Uudenmaan Sairaanhoitopiiri (Helsinki University Central Hospital)
- HUS/53/2017, §9 9.6.2017 Helsingin ja Uudenmaan Sairaanhoitopiiri (Helsinki University Central Hospital)
- HUS/76/2018, §11 18.4.2018 Helsingin ja Uudenmaan Sairaanhoitopiiri (Helsinki University Central Hospital)
- HUS/174/201, §1 12.4.2019 Helsingin ja Uudenmaan Sairaanhoitopiiri (Helsinki University Central Hospital)
- HUS/53/2017, §9 9.6.2017 Helsingin ja Uudenmaan Sairaanhoitopiiri (Helsinki University Central Hospital)
- HUS/76/2018, §11 18.4.2018 Helsingin ja Uudenmaan Sairaanhoitopiiri (Helsinki University Central Hospital)
- HUS/174/201, §1 12.4.2019 Helsingin ja Uudenmaan Sairaanhoitopiiri (Helsinki University Central Hospital)
- HUS/53/2017, §9 9.6.2017 Helsingin ja Uudenmaan Sairaanhoitopiiri (Helsinki University Central Hospital)
- HUS/76/2018, §11 18.4.2018 Helsingin ja Uudenmaan Sairaanhoitopiiri (Helsinki University Central Hospital)
- HUS/174/201, §1 12.4.2019 Helsingin ja Uudenmaan Sairaanhoitopiiri (Helsinki University Central Hospital)
- HUS/53/2017, §9 9.6.2017 Helsingin ja Uudenmaan Sairaanhoitopiiri (Helsinki University Central Hospital)
- HUS/76/2018, §11 18.4.2018 Helsingin ja Uudenmaan Sairaanhoitopiiri (Helsinki University Central Hospital)
- HUS/174/201, §1 12.4.2019 Helsingin ja Uudenmaan Sairaanhoitopiiri (Helsinki University Central Hospital)
- HUS/53/2017, §9 9.6.2017 Helsingin ja Uudenmaan Sairaanhoitopiiri (Helsinki University Central Hospital)
- HUS/76/2018, §11 18.4.2018 Helsingin ja Uudenmaan Sairaanhoitopiiri (Helsinki University Central Hospital)
- HUS/174/201, §1 12.4.2019 Helsingin ja Uudenmaan Sairaanhoitopiiri (Helsinki University Central Hospital)
- HUS/53/2017, §9 9.6.2017 Helsingin ja Uudenmaan Sairaanhoitopiiri (Helsinki University Central Hospital)
- HUS/76/2018, §11 18.4.2018 Helsingin ja Uudenmaan Sairaanhoitopiiri (Helsinki University Central Hospital)
- HUS/174/201, §1 12.4.2019 Helsingin ja Uudenmaan Sairaanhoitopiiri (Helsinki University Central Hospital)
- HUS/53/2017, §9 9.6.2017 Helsingin ja Uudenmaan Sairaanhoitopiiri (Helsinki University Central Hospital)
- HUS/76/2018, §11 18.4.2018 Helsingin ja Uudenmaan Sairaanhoitopiiri (Helsinki University Central Hospital)
- HUS/174/201, §1 12.4.2019 Helsingin ja Uudenmaan Sairaanhoitopiiri (Helsinki University Central Hospital)
- HUS/53/2017, §9 9.6.2017 Helsingin ja Uudenmaan Sairaanhoitopiiri (Helsinki University Central Hospital)
- HUS/76/2018, §11 18.4.2018 Helsingin ja Uudenmaan Sairaanhoitopiiri (Helsinki University Central Hospital)
- HUS/174/201, §1 12.4.2019 Helsingin ja Uudenmaan Sairaanhoitopiiri (Helsinki University Central Hospital)
- HUS/53/2017, §9 9.6.2017 Helsingin ja Uudenmaan Sairaanhoitopiiri (Helsinki University Central Hospital)
- HUS/76/2018, §11 18.4.2018 Helsingin ja Uudenmaan Sairaanhoitopiiri (Helsinki University Central Hospital)
- HUS/174/201, §1 12.4.2019 Helsingin ja Uudenmaan Sairaanhoitopiiri (Helsinki University Central Hospital)
- HUS/53/2017, §9 9.6.2017 Helsingin ja Uudenmaan Sairaanhoitopiiri (Helsinki University Central Hospital)
- HUS/76/2018, §11 18.4.2018 Helsingin ja Uudenmaan Sairaanhoitopiiri (Helsinki University Central Hospital)
- HUS/174/201, §1 12.4.2019 Helsingin ja Uudenmaan Sairaanhoitopiiri (Helsinki University Central Hospital)
- HUS/53/2017, §9 9.6.2017 Helsingin ja Uudenmaan Sairaanhoitopiiri (Helsinki University Central Hospital)
- HUS/76/2018, §11 18.4.2018 Helsingin ja Uudenmaan Sairaanhoitopiiri (Helsinki University Central Hospital)
- HUS/174/201, §1 12.4.2019 Helsingin ja Uudenmaan Sairaanhoitopiiri (Helsinki University Central Hospital)
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanna-Mari Saarimäki
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland.
| | - Paula Reiterä
- Biostatistics Unit, Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anni Täckman
- The Finnish Association of Spinal Cord Injured Akson, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jari Arokoski
- Department of Internal Medicine and Rehabilitation / Spinal Cord Injury Outpatient Clinic, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Aki Vainionpää
- Department of Rehabilitation, Seinäjoki Central Hospital, Seinäjoki, Finland
| | - Mauri Kallinen
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Hospital Nova of Central Finland, Central Finland Health Care District, Jyväskylä, Finland
- Center for Life Course Health Research, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | | | - Eerika Koskinen
- Department of Sensory, Neural, and Musculoskeletal Medicine, Tampere University Hospital, Wellbeing Services County of Pirkanmaa, Tampere, Finland
| | - Harri Hämäläinen
- Department of Internal Medicine and Rehabilitation / Spinal Cord Injury Outpatient Clinic, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anna-Maija Kauppila
- Department of Medical Rehabilitation / Spinal Cord Injury Outpatient Clinic, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Heidi Anttila
- Public Health and Welfare Department, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Knowledge Management and Co-creation Unit, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sinikka Hiekkala
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
- The Finnish Association of People with Physical Disabilities, Helsinki, Finland
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Poutanen J, Anttila H, Tallqvist S, Kallinen M, Koskinen E, Hämäläinen H, Kauppila AM, Täckman A, Vainionpää A, Arokoski J, Hiekkala S. Physical health among the Finnish spinal cord injury population according to the Patient Reported Outcome Measurement Information System (PROMIS®). J Spinal Cord Med 2022; 45:865-873. [PMID: 34726579 PMCID: PMC9662063 DOI: 10.1080/10790268.2021.1989184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is to assess the physical health in the Finnish Spinal cord injury (SCI) population using the Patient Reported Outcome Measurement Information System (PROMIS®) and make a comparison to the general United States (US) population. Furthermore, the aim is to explore the associations between pain interference, pain intensity, sleep disturbance, and fatigue and physical function. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. This study is part of the Finnish Spinal Cord Injury (FinSCI) community survey study. SETTING Community, Finland. PARTICIPANTS 884 persons with SCI. INTERVENTIONS Not applicable. OUTCOME MEASURES Physical health was measured with custom Patient Reported Outcome Measure System (PROMIS®) short forms. RESULTS Higher age and lesion level indicated more severe physical function impairments. Persons ≥46 years exhibited more pain interference symptoms compared to younger participants. On average, the Finnish SCI population had 1.3 SD lower physical function and 0.9 SD higher pain interference T-scores compared to the US general population (P < 0.001). The most significant association was observed between pain interference and physical function (r = -0.364, P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS The present study provides a description of the state of physical health in the Finnish spinal cord injury population, as well as the associations between the physical health areas. The results highlight the substantiality of pain management in terms of improving physical function. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT04649814.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joonas Poutanen
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland,Correspondence to: Joonas Poutanen, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Heidi Anttila
- Welfare Department, Ageing, Disability and Functioning Unit, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Mauri Kallinen
- Rehabilitation Department, Central Finland Health Care District, Central Finland Central Hospital, Jyväskylä, Finland,Center for Life Course Health Research, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Eerika Koskinen
- Department of Neurosciences and Rehabilitation, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Harri Hämäläinen
- Department of Internal Medicine and Rehabilitation/Spinal Cord Injury Outpatient Clinic, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anna-Maija Kauppila
- Department of Medical Rehabilitation/Spinal Cord Injury Outpatient Clinic, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Anni Täckman
- The Finnish Association of Spinal Cord Injured Akson, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Aki Vainionpää
- Department of Rehabilitation, Seinäjoki Central Hospital, Seinäjoki, Finland
| | - Jari Arokoski
- Department of Internal Medicine and Rehabilitation/Spinal Cord Injury Outpatient Clinic, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sinikka Hiekkala
- The Finnish Association of People with Physical Disabilities, Helsinki, Finland,Validia Rehabilitation, Helsinki, Finland
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Eskola K, Koskinen E, Anttila H, Tallqvist S, Bergman P, Kallinen M, Hämäläinen H, Kauppila AM, Täckman A, Vainionpää A, Arokoski J, Rajavaara M, Hiekkala S. Health-related factors for work participation of persons with Spinal Cord Injury in Finland. J Rehabil Med 2021; 54:jrm00255. [PMID: 34888701 PMCID: PMC8862652 DOI: 10.2340/jrm.v53.59] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore work participation and the health-related factors affecting work participation among the Finnish Spinal Cord injury (FinSCI) study population (n = 884). METHODS A cross-sectional explorative observational study in the FinSCI community survey applying Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS®) forms on Social Health and Global Health. Analyses of socio-demographic and injury-related data were performed. RESULTS Employment among the study population (n = 452) was 26.5%. Physical, Mental, Social and General Health were better in the employed group compared with work-age persons not working. Logistic regression showed that work participation was related to all health domains, but Physical Health and Ability to Participate in Social Roles and Activities in Social Health were the strongest indicators of likelihood of being at work. Paraplegia and young age were associated with increased likelihood of work participation. Conclusion: The first national survey among people with spinal cord injury in Finland shows low level of employment. The results suggest that pain, physical function, and ability to participate in social roles should be monitored by health and vocational professionals when assessing a person's likelihood of being in work.
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Majamäki K, Tallqvist S, Vainionpää A, Koskinen E, Kauppila AM, Bergman P, Anttila H, Hämäläinen H, Täckman A, Kallinen M, Arokoski J, Hiekkala S. Functional independence in the Finnish spinal cord injury population. Spinal Cord 2021. [PMID: 34526631 DOI: 10.1038/s41393-021-00700-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Study design A cross-sectional survey of the Finnish population with spinal cord injury (FinSCI database). Objectives To describe the functional independence of the population with spinal cord injury (SCI) in Finland and to identify how generic and lesion characteristics affect their functional independence. Setting The participants were recruited from the registers of three SCI outpatient clinics responsible for lifelong follow-up and care for people with SCI in Finland. Methods The data were retrieved from FinSCI (n = 1772). The response rate was 50% (n = 884). The Spinal Cord Independence Measure-Self Report (SCIM-SR) was used. The data were analyzed with univariate testing, factor analyses, and multiple linear regression models. Results The median (percentiles 25; 75) SCIM-SR total score was 76.0 (58.8; 89.0), and the score was 18.0 (13.0; 20:0) for the self-care sub-scale, 33.0 (25.0; 39.0) for the respiration and sphincter management sub-scale and 29.0 (16.0; 36.8) for the mobility sub-scale. The higher the neurological level in groups AIS A, B, and C, the lower the functional ability. Group AIS D at any injury level had the highest level of functional ability. Age and the number of years since injury negatively influenced the SCIM-SR scores for every sub-scale. Conclusion Based on the International Spinal Cord Injury Core Data Set, the severity of SCI can differentiate persons with SCI according to their functional ability. The results suggest that SCI affects individuals’ health more than ageing alone does, thereby reducing the functional ability and independence of persons with SCI over time.
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Tallqvist S, Kauppila AM, Vainionpää A, Koskinen E, Bergman P, Anttila H, Hämäläinen H, Täckman A, Kallinen M, Arokoski J, Hiekkala S. Prevalence of comorbidities and secondary health conditions among the Finnish population with spinal cord injury. Spinal Cord 2021; 60:618-627. [PMID: 34511604 PMCID: PMC9287167 DOI: 10.1038/s41393-021-00704-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Study design A cross-sectional study. Objectives To explore the prevalence of comorbidities, secondary health conditions (SHCs), and multimorbidity in the Finnish population with spinal cord injury (SCI). Setting The data were collected from the Finnish Spinal Cord Injury Study (FinSCI). Participants were identified from three SCI outpatient clinics responsible for the lifelong follow-up of persons with SCI in Finland, (n = 884 participants, response rate; 50%). Methods The FinSCI-questionnaire included a question from the National Study of Health, Well-being, and Service (FinSote) for screening 12 comorbidities. The reference data of the general population for that question were received from the Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare. The Spinal Cord Injury Secondary Condition Scale (SCI-SCS) was used to screen 16 SHCs. The data were analysed with univariate testing and multivariable negative binomial regression modelling. Results The most common comorbidities were high blood pressure/hypertension (38%), back problems (28%), and high cholesterol (22%). The most common SHCs were joint and muscle pain (81%), muscle spasms (74%), chronic pain (71%), and bowel problems (71%). The prevalence of comorbidities was highest among persons aged ≥76 years (mean; 2.0; scale range; 0–12). The prevalence of SHCs was highest in the severity of SCI group C1–4 AIS A, B, and C (mean; 8.9; scale range; 0–16). Conclusions Further research on geriatrics in SCI, non-traumatic SCI, and knowledge of the needs of persons with cervical lesion AIS A, B, or C is required, due to the fact that the prevalence of multimorbidity is high in these groups.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anna-Maija Kauppila
- Oulu University Hospital, Department of Medical Rehabilitation/Spinal Cord Injury Outpatient Clinic, Oulu, Finland
| | - Aki Vainionpää
- Seinäjoki Central Hospital, Department of Rehabilitation, Seinäjoki, Finland
| | - Eerika Koskinen
- Tampere University Hospital, Department of Neurosciences and Rehabilitation, Tampere, Finland
| | - Paula Bergman
- Biostatistics Unit, Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Heidi Anttila
- Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Public Health and Welfare Department, Knowledge Management and Co-creation Unit, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Harri Hämäläinen
- Helsinki University Hospital, Department of Internal Medicine and Rehabilitation/Spinal Cord Injury Outpatient Clinic, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anni Täckman
- The Finnish Association of Spinal Cord Injured Akson, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mauri Kallinen
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Central Finland Health Care District, Central Finland Central Hospital, Jyväskylä, Finland.,Center for Life Course Health Research, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Jari Arokoski
- Helsinki University Hospital, Department of Internal Medicine and Rehabilitation/Spinal Cord Injury Outpatient Clinic, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sinikka Hiekkala
- The Finnish Association of People with Physical Disabilities, Helsinki, Finland.,Validia Rehabilitation, Helsinki, Finland
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Anttila H, Tallqvist S, Muñoz M, Leppäjoki-Tiistola S, Mäkitie O, Hiekkala S. Towards an ICF-based self-report questionnaire for people with skeletal dysplasia to study health, functioning, disability and accessibility. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2021; 16:236. [PMID: 34022932 PMCID: PMC8141148 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-021-01857-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little is known about the spectrum of everyday challenges that people with skeletal dysplasia face because of their health and functioning. We aimed to identify factors related to health, functioning and disability in people with skeletal dysplasia, and their challenges with accessibility in order to form a self-reported questionnaire for national data collection. The comprehensive musculoskeletal post-acute core set of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) was used as a framework. METHODS An iterative, participatory and qualitative process was used to formulate a questionnaire. Items were searched from Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System and from other self-report instruments, additional items were formulated using ICF linking rules. Expert panels from the target population assessed the face and content validity in thematic interviews. RESULTS The questionnaire demonstrated its relevance, comprehensiveness and feasibility for people with skeletal dysplasia. The ICF linkages showed the contents' correspondence to the construct. Expert panels added 15 categories and one on chapter level to the core set and confirmed content validity. The final survey covers 86 ICF categories and 173 ICF-linked items that were grouped to 33 questions. CONCLUSIONS The content of the questionnaire proved to be sufficiently valid for people with skeletal dysplasia. It can be used to explore their health, functioning, disability and accessibility to develop care and rehabilitation policies, to plan services and to provide information to various parties involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidi Anttila
- Public Health and Welfare Department, Knowledge Management and Co-Creation Unit, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Mannerheimintie 166, 01270, Helsinki, Finland.
| | | | - Minna Muñoz
- Validia Ltd, Validia Rehabilitation, Nordenskiöldinkatu 18 B, 00250, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sanna Leppäjoki-Tiistola
- Lyhytkasvuiset - Kortväxta ry (Finnish Association for People with Restricted Growth and for Their Families), PO Box 14, 02601, Espoo, Finland
- Finnish Association of People With Physical Disabilities, Mannerheimintie 107, 00280, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Outi Mäkitie
- Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, P.O. Box 63, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sinikka Hiekkala
- Validia Ltd, Validia Rehabilitation, Nordenskiöldinkatu 18 B, 00250, Helsinki, Finland
- Finnish Association of People With Physical Disabilities, Mannerheimintie 107, 00280, Helsinki, Finland
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Wang X, Sun M, Li X, Lu J, Chen G. Effects of Disability Type on the Association between Age and Non-Communicable Disease Risk Factors among Elderly Persons with Disabilities in Shanghai, China. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2020; 17:ijerph17155426. [PMID: 32731459 PMCID: PMC7432529 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17155426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Little is known about differences in the association between age and risk factors of non-communicable diseases (NCDs), according to the disability type in Chinese elderly persons with disabilities. Thus, we examined the effects of these differences in elderly persons with disabilities in Shanghai, China. We evaluated four NCD risk factors (hypertension, hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, and overweight) using health data obtained from 20,471 elderly persons with disabilities in 2017. Logistic regression analyses explored differences in the association between age and NCD risk factors according to the disability types, after adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics. We observed significant differences in the association between age and NCD risk factors across disability types; a significant association was observed between older age and higher odds of hypertension (p < 0.001) among subjects with a physical disability. However, the prevalence of hypertension did not significantly differ by age in subjects with multiple disabilities. Interventions for elderly patients whose disabilities are more strongly affected by environmental factors should focus more on reduction of subjects’ barriers to activities through improvements in living and environmental adaptability for physical activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xichen Wang
- Department of Health Law and Health Inspection, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China;
- China Research Center on Disability Issues at Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; (M.S.); (X.L.)
| | - Mei Sun
- China Research Center on Disability Issues at Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; (M.S.); (X.L.)
| | - Xiaohong Li
- China Research Center on Disability Issues at Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; (M.S.); (X.L.)
| | - Jun Lu
- China Research Center on Disability Issues at Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; (M.S.); (X.L.)
- Correspondence: (J.L.); (G.C.)
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Health Law and Health Inspection, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China;
- China Research Center on Disability Issues at Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; (M.S.); (X.L.)
- Correspondence: (J.L.); (G.C.)
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