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Wan S, Sun Y, Ye Q, Gu Y, Sommer W, Cao X. Processing objects of perceptual expertise: Differential interhemispheric transmission efficiency but similar transmission direction advantages. Neuropsychologia 2023; 188:108568. [PMID: 37150438 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2023.108568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Faces and Chinese characters are both objects of perceptual expertise. In this study, we investigated the characteristics of interhemispheric transmission times (IHTTs) in both transmission direction and transmission efficiency during the processing of objects of perceptual expertise. A total of 112 participants engaged in a divided visual field paradigm for faces, Chinese characters, and houses in both upright and inverted orientations. The N170 amplitudes elicited by the objects of perceptual expertise (faces and Chinese characters) involved in this study were larger than those elicited by the non-perceptual expertise objects (houses). We used the latencies of the N170 component of the event-related potential (ERP) recorded in the left and right hemispheres to calculate the IHTTs. For all objects, the N170-related IHTTs from the right to the left hemispheres were shorter than those in the opposite direction. Essentially, the N170-related IHTTs for faces were shorter, that is, more efficient than those for Chinese characters and houses. This result indicates that the IHTTs during perceptual expertise and non-perceptual expertise object processing share a common transmission direction advantage, but transmission efficiency is face-specific.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simin Wan
- Department of Psychology, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
| | - Yini Sun
- Department of Psychology, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
| | - Qing Ye
- Department of Psychology, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
| | - Yu Gu
- Department of Psychology, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
| | - Werner Sommer
- Department of Psychology, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China; Institut für Psychologie, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Xiaohua Cao
- Department of Psychology, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China; Key Laboratory of Intelligent Education Technology and Application of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China.
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2
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Tong SX, Duan R, Shen W, Yu Y, Tong X. Multiple mechanisms regulate statistical learning of orthographic regularities in school-age children: Neurophysiological evidence. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2022; 59:101190. [PMID: 36549147 PMCID: PMC9795533 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2022.101190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Using event-related potentials (ERPs), this study investigated how the brains of Chinese children of different ages extract and encode relational patterns contained in orthographic input. Ninety-nine Chinese children in Grades 1-3 performed an artificial orthography statistical learning task that comprised logographic components embedded in characters with high (100%), moderate (80%), and low (60%) positional consistency. The behavioral results indicated that across grades, participants more accurately recognized characters with high rather than low consistency. The neurophysiological results revealed that in each grade, the amplitude of some ERP components differed, with a larger P1 effect in the high consistency condition and a larger N170 and left-lateralized P300 effect in the low consistency condition. A smaller N170 effect occurred in Grade 3 than in Grade 1, and a larger P300 effect occurred in Grade 1 than in either Grade 2 or 3. These findings suggest the dynamic nature of statistical learning by showing that neural adaptation associated with N170, and attention and working memory related to P1 and P300, regulate different types of structural input, and that children's abilities to prioritize these mechanisms vary with context and age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shelley Xiuli Tong
- Human Communication, Development, and Information Sciences, Faculty of Education, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Rujun Duan
- Department of Psychology, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Wei Shen
- Institute of Psychological Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, China
| | - Yilin Yu
- School of Foreign Languages, Anyang Normal University, China
| | - Xiuhong Tong
- Department of Psychology, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China,Correspondence to: Department of Psychology, The Education University of Hong Kong, 10 Lo Ping Road, Tai Po, New Territories, Hong Kong, China.
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3
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Li C, Kovács G. Repetition Probability Effects for Chinese Characters and German Words in the Visual Word Form Area. Brain Res 2022; 1780:147812. [PMID: 35120904 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2022.147812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The magnitude of repetition suppression (RS), measured by fMRI, is modulated by the probability of repetitions (P(rep)) for various sensory stimulus categories. It has been suggested that for visually presented simple letters this P(rep) effect depends on the prior practices of the participants with the stimuli. Here we tested further if previous experiences affect the neural mechanisms of RS, leading to the modulatory effects of stimulus P(rep), for more complex lexical stimuli as well. We measured the BOLD signal in the Visual Word Form Area (VWFA) of native Chinese and German participants and estimated the P(rep) effects for Chinese characters and German words. The results showed a significant P(rep) effect for stimuli of the mother tongue in both participant groups. Interestingly, Chinese participants, learning German as a second language, also showed a significant P(rep) modulation of RS for German words while the German participants who had no prior experiences with the Chinese characters showed no such effects. Our findings suggest that P(rep) effects on RS are manifest for visual word processing as well, but only for words of a language with which participants are highly familiar. These results support further the idea that predictive processes, estimated by P(rep) modulations of RS, require prior experiences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenglin Li
- Department of Biological Psychology and Cognitive Neurosciences, Institute of Psychology, University of Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Gyula Kovács
- Department of Biological Psychology and Cognitive Neurosciences, Institute of Psychology, University of Jena, Jena, Germany
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Luo C, Chen W, VanRullen R, Zhang Y, Gaspar CM. Nudging the N170 forward with prior stimulation-Bridging the gap between N170 and recognition potential. Hum Brain Mapp 2021; 43:1214-1230. [PMID: 34786780 PMCID: PMC8837586 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.25716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Evoked response potentials are often divided up into numerous components, each with their own body of literature. But is there less variety than we might suppose? In this study, we nudge one component into looking like another. Both the N170 and recognition potential (RP) are N1 components in response to familiar objects. However, the RP is often measured with a forward mask that ends at stimulus onset whereas the N170 is often measured with no masking at all. This study investigates how inter‐stimulus interval (ISI) may delay and distort the N170 into an RP by manipulating the temporal gap (ISI) between forward mask and target. The results revealed reverse relationships between the ISI on the one hand, and the N170 latency, single‐trial N1 jitter (an approximation of N1 width) and reaction time on the other hand. Importantly, we find that scalp topographies have a unique signature at the N1 peak across all conditions, from the longest gap (N170) to the shortest (RP). These findings prove that the mask‐delayed N1 is still the same N170, even under conditions that are normally associated with a different component like the RP. In general, our results suggest greater synthesis in the study of event related potential components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Canhuang Luo
- Center for Cognition and Brain Disorders, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Psychological Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Research in Assessment of Cognitive Impairments, Hangzhou, China.,Université de Toulouse, UPS, Centre de Recherche Cerveau et Cognition, Toulouse, France.,CerCo, CNRS UMR 5549, Toulouse, France
| | - Wei Chen
- Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Rufin VanRullen
- Université de Toulouse, UPS, Centre de Recherche Cerveau et Cognition, Toulouse, France.,CerCo, CNRS UMR 5549, Toulouse, France
| | - Ye Zhang
- Center for Cognition and Brain Disorders, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Psychological Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Research in Assessment of Cognitive Impairments, Hangzhou, China
| | - Carl Michael Gaspar
- Center for Cognition and Brain Disorders, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Psychological Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Research in Assessment of Cognitive Impairments, Hangzhou, China.,Zayed University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
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Li C, Ma X, Zhu C, Cao X. The recovery speed of category sensitive N170 responses to faces and Chinese characters. Brain Res 2019; 1723:146384. [PMID: 31421129 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2019.146384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Revised: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Neural selectivity of N170 responses is important for understanding face, word, and object processing in the brain. However, the recovery times of neural selective responses remain unclear. In the present study, we used an adaptation paradigm to test the recovery speed of N170 responses to faces and Chinese characters. The findings revealed that recovery of N170 responses elicited by faces occurred between 1400 and 1800 ms after stimulus onset, whereas those elicited by Chinese characters occurred between 600 and 800 ms. These results demonstrate that N170 responses involved in the processing of faces and Chinese characters exhibit category sensitive recovery speeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenglin Li
- Department of Psychology, Zhejiang Normal University, 321001 Jinhua, China; Department of Biological Psychology and Cognitive Neurosciences, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Xiaoli Ma
- Department of Psychology, Zhejiang Normal University, 321001 Jinhua, China; Institut für Psychologie, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Cuiyin Zhu
- Department of Psychology, Zhejiang Normal University, 321001 Jinhua, China
| | - Xiaohua Cao
- Department of Psychology, Zhejiang Normal University, 321001 Jinhua, China.
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Zhao J, Maurer U, He S, Weng X. Development of neural specialization for print: Evidence for predictive coding in visual word recognition. PLoS Biol 2019; 17:e3000474. [PMID: 31600192 PMCID: PMC6805000 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3000474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Revised: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
How a child's brain develops specialization for print is poorly understood. One longstanding account is selective neuronal tuning to regularity of visual-orthographic features, which predicts a monotonically increased neural activation for inputs with higher regularity during development. However, we observed a robust interaction between a stimulus' orthographic regularity (bottom-up input) and children's lexical classification ability (top-down prediction): N1 response, which is the first negative component of the event-related potential (ERP) occurring at posterior electrodes, was stronger to lower-regularity stimuli, but only in children who were less efficient in lexically classifying these stimuli (high prediction error). In contrast, N1 responses were reduced to lower-regularity stimuli in children who showed high efficiency of lexical classification (low prediction error). The modulation of children's lexical classification efficiency on their neural responses to orthographic stimuli supports the predictive coding account of neural processes of reading.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhao
- Institutes of Psychological Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Research in Assessment of Cognitive Impairments, Hangzhou, China
| | - Urs Maurer
- Department of Psychology, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Brain and Mind Institute, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Sheng He
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Xuchu Weng
- Institute for Brain Research and Rehabilitation, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
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Zhu C, Ma X, Ji L, Chen S, Cao X. Sex Differences in Categorical Adaptation for Faces and Chinese Characters during Early Perceptual Processing. Front Hum Neurosci 2018; 11:656. [PMID: 29375350 PMCID: PMC5770371 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2017.00656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous event-related potential studies support sex differences in the N170 response during face and word processing; however, it remains unclear whether N170 categorical adaptation for faces and words is different between women and men. Using an adaptation paradigm, in which an adaptor and subsequent test stimulus are presented during each trial, the present study investigated N170 categorical adaptation for faces and Chinese characters in both women and men. The results demonstrated that the N170 amplitude elicited by test stimuli in within-category condition was lower than in control category condition, and this was observed during both face and Chinese character processing in women and men. In addition, we found that men have greater N170 categorical adaptation for face and word processing than women. There was also a significant correlation between N170 categorical adaptation indices for face and Chinese character processing in men, which did not occur in women. These findings suggest that men and women process repeated faces or words differently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuiyin Zhu
- Department of Psychology, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
| | - Xiaoli Ma
- Department of Psychology, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
| | - Lihong Ji
- Hangzhou Seventh People's Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shuang Chen
- Department of Psychology, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
| | - Xiaohua Cao
- Department of Psychology, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaohua Cao
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Chen C, Abbasi NUH, Song S, Chen J, Li H. The Limited Impact of Exposure Duration on Holistic Word Processing. Front Psychol 2016; 7:646. [PMID: 27375504 PMCID: PMC4893564 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The current study explored the impact of stimuli exposure duration on holistic word processing measured by the complete composite paradigm (CPc paradigm). The participants were asked to match the cued target parts of two characters which were presented for either a long (600 ms) or a short duration (170 ms). They were also tested by two popular versions of the CPc paradigm: the “early-fixed” task where the attention cue was visible from the beginning of each trial at a fixed position, and the “delayed-random” task where the cue showed up after the study character at random locations. The holistic word effect, as indexed by the alignment × congruency interaction, was identified in both tasks and was unaffected by the stimuli duration in both tasks. Meanwhile, the “delayed-random” task did not bring about larger holistic word effect than the “early-fixed” task. These results suggest the exposure duration (from around 150 to 600 ms) has a limited impact on the holistic word effect, and have methodological implications for experiment designs in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changming Chen
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Psychology, Southwest UniversityChongqing, China; Research Center for Brain Function and Psychological Science, Shenzhen UniversityShenzhen, China
| | - Najam Ul Hasan Abbasi
- Department of Psychology, International Islamic UniversityIslamabad, Pakistan; Department of Psychology, University of SindhJamshoro, Pakistan
| | - Shuang Song
- Research Center of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Liaoning Normal University Dalian, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Psychology, Hunan Normal University Changsha, China
| | - Hong Li
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Psychology, Southwest UniversityChongqing, China; Research Center for Brain Function and Psychological Science, Shenzhen UniversityShenzhen, China
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Cao X, Yang Q, Hu F. Eyeglasses elicit effects similar to face-like perceptual expertise: evidence from the N170 response. Exp Brain Res 2015; 234:883-91. [PMID: 26670904 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-015-4525-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2015] [Accepted: 12/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Studies of event-related potentials show that the specific N170 response has become a stable electrophysiological hallmark of objects related to expertise in early perceptual processing. In the present study, we investigated whether eyeglasses can elicit N170 effects similar to those elicited by objects of expertise. Our results showed that the N170 response elicited by eyeglasses was larger than the response elicited by objects that do not generate perceptual expertise (e.g., houses). Importantly, we found that eyeglasses could produce a within-category N170 adaptation effect, similar to that produced in response to objects of expertise (e.g., faces). Our results have revealed for the first time that with a large amount of experience, eyeglasses could evoke the face-like N170 response, which suggested that eyeglasses may become an object of perceptual expertise to some human observers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohua Cao
- Department of Psychology, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321001, China.
| | - Qi Yang
- Department of Psychology, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321001, China
| | - Fengpei Hu
- School of Management, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
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