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Abdel-kawi SH, Hashem KS, Zhang Y. Administration of Melatonin in Diabetic Retinopathy Is Effective and Improves the Efficacy of Mesenchymal Stem Cell Treatment. Stem Cells Int 2022; 2022:1-17. [PMID: 35450343 PMCID: PMC9017455 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6342594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cell transplantation is a promising therapeutic technique for the treatment of a variety of diseases; nevertheless, stem cell therapy may not always work as well as it could. The goal of this study was to test the hypothesis that employing a powerful antioxidant like melatonin improves stem cell transplantation success and potentiates stem cell function in the therapy of diabetic retinopathy. For this purpose, 50 adult male rats were divided into the following: control group: this group received 0.5 ml of 0.1 M of sodium citrate buffer (pH = 4.5) (intraperitoneal (I.P.)). The confirmed diabetic rats were divided into 4 groups: diabetic group: confirmed diabetic rats received no treatments with a regular follow of the blood glucose profile for 8 weeks; melatonin group: confirmed diabetic rats received melatonin (5 mg/kg/day); stem cell group: the confirmed diabetic rats were given intravitreal injection of stem cells (2 μl cell suspension of stem cells (3 × 104 cells/μl)); and melatonin+stem cell group: confirmed diabetic rats received melatonin (5 mg/kg/day), orally once daily for 8 weeks, and 2 μl cell suspension of stem cells (3 × 104 cells/μl) was carefully injected into the vitreous cavity. Our results showed that administration of melatonin and/or stem cell restored the retinal oxidative/antioxidant redox and reduced retinal inflammatory mediators. Coadministration of melatonin and stem cells enhanced the number of transplanted stem cells in the retinal tissue and significantly reduced retinal BDEF, VEGF, APOA1, and RBP4 levels as compared to melatonin and/or stem alone. We may conclude that rats treated with melatonin and stem cells had their retinal oxidative/antioxidant redox values restored to normal and their histological abnormalities reduced. These findings support the hypothesis that interactions with the BDEF, VEGF, APOA1, and RBP4 signaling pathways are responsible for these effects.
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Tang L, Zhang C, Lu L, Tian H, Liu K, Luo D, Qiu Q, Xu GT, Zhang J. Melatonin Maintains Inner Blood-Retinal Barrier by Regulating Microglia via Inhibition of PI3K/Akt/Stat3/NF-κB Signaling Pathways in Experimental Diabetic Retinopathy. Front Immunol 2022; 13:831660. [PMID: 35371022 PMCID: PMC8964465 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.831660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Microglial activation and melatonin protection have been reported in diabetic retinopathy (DR). Whether melatonin could regulate microglia to protect the inner blood–retinal barrier (iBRB) remains unknown. In this study, the role of microglia in iBRB breakdown and the mechanisms of melatonin’s regulation on microglia were explored. In diabetic rat retinas, activated microglia proliferated and migrated from the inner retina to the outer retina, accompanied by the obvious morphological changes. Meanwhile, significant leakage of albumin was evidenced at the site of close interaction between activated microglia and the damaged pericytes and endothelial cells. In vitro, inflammation-related cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), interleukin (IL)-1β, and arginase-1 (Arg-1), were increased significantly in CoCl2-treated BV2 cells. The supernatant derived from CoCl2-treated BV2 cells significantly decreased the cell viability and disrupted the junctional proteins in both pericytes and endothelial cells, resulting in severe leakage. Melatonin suppressed the microglial overactivation, i.e., decreasing the cell number and promoting its anti-inflammatory properties in diabetic rat retinas. Moreover, the leakage of iBRB was alleviated and the pericyte coverage was restored after melatonin treatment. In vitro, when treated with melatonin in CoCl2-treated BV2 cells, the inflammatory factors were decreased, while the anti-inflammatory factors were increased, further reducing the pericyte loss and increasing the tight junctions. Melatonin deactivated microglia via inhibition of PI3K/Akt/Stat3/NF-κB signaling pathways, thus maintaining the integrity of iBRB. The present data support a causal role for activated microglia in iBRB breakdown and highlight the therapeutic potential of melatonin in the treatment of DR by regulating microglia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Tang
- Department of Ophthalmology of Tongji Hospital and Laboratory of Clinical and Visual Sciences of Tongji Eye Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chaoyang Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital (Shanghai First People's Hospital), Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases, Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photomedicine, Shanghai Engineering Center for Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Eye Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Lixia Lu
- Department of Ophthalmology of Tongji Hospital and Laboratory of Clinical and Visual Sciences of Tongji Eye Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Haibin Tian
- Department of Ophthalmology of Tongji Hospital and Laboratory of Clinical and Visual Sciences of Tongji Eye Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Kun Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital (Shanghai First People's Hospital), Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases, Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photomedicine, Shanghai Engineering Center for Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Eye Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Dawei Luo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital (Shanghai First People's Hospital), Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases, Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photomedicine, Shanghai Engineering Center for Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Eye Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Qinghua Qiu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital (Shanghai First People's Hospital), Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases, Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photomedicine, Shanghai Engineering Center for Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Eye Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Guo-Tong Xu
- Department of Ophthalmology of Tongji Hospital and Laboratory of Clinical and Visual Sciences of Tongji Eye Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingfa Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital (Shanghai First People's Hospital), Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases, Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photomedicine, Shanghai Engineering Center for Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Eye Diseases, Shanghai, China
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Ashrafizadeh M, Najafi M, Kavyiani N, Mohammadinejad R, Farkhondeh T, Samarghandian S. Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Melatonin: a Focus on the Role of NLRP3 Inflammasome. Inflammation 2021; 44:1207-1222. [PMID: 33651308 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-021-01428-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Melatonin is a hormone of the pineal gland that contributes to the regulation of physiological activities, such as sleep, circadian rhythm, and neuroendocrine processes. Melatonin is found in several plants and has pharmacological activities including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, cardioprotective, and neuroprotective. It also has shown therapeutic efficacy in treatment of cancer and diabetes. Melatonin affects several molecular pathways to exert its protective effects. The NLRP3 inflammasome is considered a novel target of melatonin. This inflammasome contributes to enhanced level of IL-1β, caspase-1 activation, and pyroptosis stimulation. The function of NLRP3 inflammasome has been explored in various diseases, including cancer, diabetes, and neurological disorders. By inhibiting NLRP3, melatonin diminishes inflammation and influences various molecular pathways, such as SIRT1, microRNA, long non-coding RNA, and Wnt/β-catenin. Here, we discuss these molecular pathways and suggest that melatonin-induced inhibition of NLRP3 should be advanced in disease therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milad Ashrafizadeh
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Orta Mahalle, Üniversite Caddesi No. 27, Orhanlı, Tuzla, 34956, Istanbul, Turkey
- Sabanci University Nanotechnology Research and Application Center (SUNUM), Tuzla, 34956, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Masoud Najafi
- Radiology and Nuclear Medicine Department, School of Paramedical Sciences, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Nasim Kavyiani
- Department of Basic Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Faculty, Islamic Azad Branch, University of Shushtar, Shushtar, Khuzestan, Iran
| | - Reza Mohammadinejad
- Pharmaceutics Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Tahereh Farkhondeh
- Medical Toxicology and Drug Abuse Research Center (MTDRC), Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Saeed Samarghandian
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran.
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He S, Zhang M, Ye Y, Song Y, Ma X, Wang G, Zhuang J, Xia W, Zhao B. GINS2 affects cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration and invasion in thyroid cancer via regulating MAPK signaling pathway. Mol Med Rep 2021; 23:246. [PMID: 33537829 PMCID: PMC7893785 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2021.11885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Globally, thyroid cancer (TC) is considered to be the commonest endocrine malignancy. GINS complex subunit 2 (GINS2) belongs to the GINS complex family and is associated with cellular migration, invasion and growth. The present study aimed to investigate the underlying mechanisms of GINS2 on cell viability, migration and invasion in TC cells. By using MTT, wound healing and Transwell assays, the cell viability, migration and invasion were determined. Apoptosis was examined by immunofluorescence. Western blotting was used to detect protein expression levels. In the present study, biological function analysis demonstrated that GINS2 interference attenuated cell viability, migration and invasion in TC cell lines (K1 and SW579). It was discovered that, compared with the control group, GINS2 silencing induced apoptosis in TC cells. Additionally, GINS2 interference inhibited key proteins in the MAPK signaling pathway, including JNK, ERK and p38. According to these comparative experiments, GINS2 was considered to act a pivotal part in cell viability, migration and invasion of TC by regulating the MAPK signaling pathway and might be a potential therapeutic target for treating TC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saifei He
- Central Laboratory, Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200137, P.R. China
| | - Miao Zhang
- Central Laboratory, Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200137, P.R. China
| | - Ying Ye
- Central Laboratory, Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200137, P.R. China
| | - Yanan Song
- Central Laboratory, Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200137, P.R. China
| | - Xing Ma
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200137, P.R. China
| | - Guoyu Wang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200137, P.R. China
| | - Juhua Zhuang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200137, P.R. China
| | - Wei Xia
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200137, P.R. China
| | - Bin Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200137, P.R. China
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Ruan Y, Jiang S, Musayeva A, Gericke A. Oxidative Stress and Vascular Dysfunction in the Retina: Therapeutic Strategies. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:E761. [PMID: 32824523 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9080761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Many retinal diseases, such as diabetic retinopathy, glaucoma, and age-related macular (AMD) degeneration, are associated with elevated reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. ROS are important intracellular signaling molecules that regulate numerous physiological actions, including vascular reactivity and neuron function. However, excessive ROS formation has been linked to vascular endothelial dysfunction, neuron degeneration, and inflammation in the retina. ROS can directly modify cellular molecules and impair their function. Moreover, ROS can stimulate the production of inflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) causing inflammation and cell death. However, there are various compounds with direct or indirect antioxidant activity that have been used to reduce ROS accumulation in animal models and humans. In this review, we report on the physiological and pathophysiological role of ROS in the retina with a special focus on the vascular system. Moreover, we present therapeutic approaches for individual retinal diseases targeting retinal signaling pathways involving ROS.
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Pourhanifeh MH, Hosseinzadeh A, Dehdashtian E, Hemati K, Mehrzadi S. Melatonin: new insights on its therapeutic properties in diabetic complications. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2020; 12:30. [PMID: 32280378 PMCID: PMC7140344 DOI: 10.1186/s13098-020-00537-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes and diabetic complications are considered as leading causes of both morbidity and mortality in the world. Unfortunately, routine medical treatments used for affected patients possess undesirable side effects, including kidney and liver damages as well as gastrointestinal adverse reactions. Therefore, exploring the novel therapeutic strategies for diabetic patients is a crucial issue. It has been recently shown that melatonin, as main product of the pineal gland, despite its various pharmacological features including anticancer, anti-aging, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, exerts anti-diabetic properties through regulating various cellular mechanisms. The aim of the present review is to describe potential roles of melatonin in the treatment of diabetes and its complications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Azam Hosseinzadeh
- Razi Drug Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ehsan Dehdashtian
- School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Karim Hemati
- Department of Anesthesiology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeed Mehrzadi
- Razi Drug Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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