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Navabi N, Afshari Z, Kamyabi H, Mohammadi M. Side effects and short effects of using three common mouthwashes on oral health and quality of life: A quasi-experimental study. Int J Dent Hyg 2023. [PMID: 37793064 DOI: 10.1111/idh.12761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antiseptic mouthwashes are useful adjuncts to daily brushing and flossing for the control of dental plaque and gingivitis. The objective of the present study was to compare the effect of three mouthwashes: chlorhexidine, essential oils and cetylpyridinium chloride on oral health-related quality of life, gingival health, tongue coating and also to compare their potential side effects after 2-week consumption. METHODS Sixty participants were enrolled in this study and were divided into four groups (three mouthwash groups plus no mouthwash group). At the beginning, scaling and cleaning were performed and the following parameters were recorded: oral health impact profile (OHIP-5) questionnaire, tongue coating index, modified gingival index, calculus surface index, modified Lobene stain index and a questionnaire for side effects. Each group has followed up in 2 weeks. Data were analysed using paired t-test, ANOVA, Fisher's exact test and Pearson chi-square. RESULTS At the end of second week, all three mouthwashes significantly improved OHIP-5 score and reduced modified gingival index whereas essential oils and cetylpyridinium chloride significantly reduced tongue coating index when compared to control group (p < 0.05). The differences between four groups were significant for calculus formation, dental staining and reported burning sensation and changes of taste sensation and perception (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION The use of all three mouthwashes has been effective in controlling and reducing gingivitis and tongue coating; however, it appeared that essential oils has the minimum and Chlorhexidine has the maximum side effects. Moreover, the use of all three mouthwashes has been examined to improve the quality of life. Overall, essential oils mouthwash has the best performance among these three mouthwashes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nader Navabi
- Department of Oral Medicine, Dentistry School, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | | | - Homa Kamyabi
- Department of Oral Medicine, Dentistry School, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mohammad Mohammadi
- Department of Periodontics, Dentistry School, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
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Wiriyakijja P, Niklander S, Santos-Silva AR, Shorrer MK, Simms ML, Villa A, Sankar V, Kerr AR, Riordain RN, Jensen SB, Delli K. World Workshop on Oral Medicine VIII: Development of a Core Outcome Set for Dry Mouth: A Systematic Review of Outcome Domains for Xerostomia. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2023:S2212-4403(23)00068-8. [PMID: 37198047 DOI: 10.1016/j.oooo.2023.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to identify all outcome domains used in clinical studies of xerostomia, that is, subjective sensation of dry mouth. This study is part of the extended project "World Workshop on Oral Medicine Outcomes Initiative for the Direction of Research" to develop a core outcome set for dry mouth. STUDY DESIGN A systematic review was performed on MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials databases. All clinical and observational studies that assessed xerostomia in human participants from 2001 to 2021 were included. Information on outcome domains was extracted and mapped to the Core Outcome Measures in Effectiveness Trials taxonomy. Corresponding outcome measures were summarized. RESULTS From a total of 34,922 records retrieved, 688 articles involving 122,151 persons with xerostomia were included. There were 16 unique outcome domains and 166 outcome measures extracted. None of these domains or measures were consistently used across all the studies. The severity of xerostomia and physical functioning were the 2 most frequently assessed domains. CONCLUSION There is considerable heterogeneity in outcome domains and measures reported in clinical studies of xerostomia. This highlights the need for harmonization of dry mouth assessment to enhance comparability across studies and facilitate the synthesis of robust evidence for managing patients with xerostomia.
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Thiha A, Ibrahim F, Joseph K, Petrović B, Kojić S, Dahlan NA, Jamaluddin NF, Qureshi S, Stojanović GM. A novel microfluidic compact disc to investigate electrochemical property changes between artificial and real salivary samples mixed with mouthwashes using electrical impedance analysis. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0280381. [PMID: 36795661 PMCID: PMC9934320 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0280381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Diagnosing oral diseases at an early stage may lead to better preventive treatments, thus reducing treatment burden and costs. This paper introduces a systematic design of a microfluidic compact disc (CD) consisting of six unique chambers that run simultaneously from sample loading, holding, mixing and analysis. In this study, the electrochemical property changes between real saliva and artificial saliva mixed with three different types of mouthwashes (i.e. chlorhexidine-, fluoride- and essential oil (Listerine)-based mouthwashes) were investigated using electrical impedance analysis. Given the diversity and complexity of patient's salivary samples, we investigated the electrochemical impedance property of healthy real saliva mixed with different types of mouthwashes to understand the different electrochemical property which could be a foundation for diagnosis and monitoring of oral diseases. On the other hand, electrochemical impedance property of artificial saliva, a commonly used moisturizing agent and lubricant for the treatment of xerostomia or dry mouth syndrome was also studied. The findings indicate that artificial saliva and fluoride-based mouthwash showed higher conductance values compared to real saliva and two other different types of mouthwashes. The ability of our new microfluidic CD platform to perform multiplex processes and detection of electrochemical property of different types of saliva and mouthwashes is a fundamental concept for future research on salivary theranostics using point-of-care microfluidic CD platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aung Thiha
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Centre for Innovation in Medical Engineering (CIME), Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Fatimah Ibrahim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Centre for Innovation in Medical Engineering (CIME), Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Centre for Printable Electronics, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Microwave Research Institute, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
- Malaysian Research Institute on Ageing, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- * E-mail: (FI); (BP)
| | - Karunan Joseph
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Centre for Innovation in Medical Engineering (CIME), Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Bojan Petrović
- Department of Dental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
- * E-mail: (FI); (BP)
| | - Sanja Kojić
- Faculty of Technical Science, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Nuraina Anisa Dahlan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Centre for Innovation in Medical Engineering (CIME), Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nurul Fauzani Jamaluddin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Centre for Innovation in Medical Engineering (CIME), Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Saima Qureshi
- Malaysian Research Institute on Ageing, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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Bieberich AA, Rajwa B, Irvine A, Fatig RO, Fekete A, Jin H, Kutlina E, Urban L. TEMPORARY REMOVAL: Acute cell stress screen with supervised machine learning predicts cytotoxicity of excipients. J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods 2021; 111:107088. [PMID: 34144174 DOI: 10.1016/j.vascn.2021.107088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The publisher regrets that this article has been temporarily removed. A replacement will appear as soon as possible in which the reason for the removal of the article will be specified, or the article will be reinstated. The full Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal can be found at https://www.elsevier.com/about/our-business/policies/article-withdrawal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew A Bieberich
- AsedaSciences Inc., 1281 Win Hentschel Boulevard, West Lafayette, IN 47906, USA.
| | - Bartek Rajwa
- Bindley Bioscience Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47906, USA.
| | - Allison Irvine
- AsedaSciences Inc., 1281 Win Hentschel Boulevard, West Lafayette, IN 47906, USA.
| | - Raymond O Fatig
- AsedaSciences Inc., 1281 Win Hentschel Boulevard, West Lafayette, IN 47906, USA.
| | - Alexander Fekete
- Preclinical Safety, Translational Medicine, Novartis Institutes of Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.
| | - Hong Jin
- Preclinical Safety, Translational Medicine, Novartis Institutes of Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.
| | - Elena Kutlina
- Preclinical Safety, Translational Medicine, Novartis Institutes of Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.
| | - Laszlo Urban
- Preclinical Safety, Translational Medicine, Novartis Institutes of Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.
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Hinic S, Petrovic B, Kojic S, Omerovic N, Jevremov J, Jelenciakova N, Stojanovic G. Viscosity and mixing properties of artificial saliva and four different mouthwashes. Biorheology 2021; 57:87-100. [PMID: 33459691 DOI: 10.3233/bir-201008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Numerous functions of saliva depend on its biophysical properties. Mouth rinses react with saliva and change both their own properties and properties of saliva. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to define the level of mixing of artificial saliva and mouth rinses, and define their viscosity and its changes at room and body temperature. METHODS Artificial saliva, fluoride solutions, chlorhexidine, zinc-hydroxyapatite solution and casein phosphopeptide amorphous calcium phosphate were used. To simulate their mixing, Y-channel PVC chips were used, in two different microfluidics systems. The experiments were recorded with a microscope, then the proportion of mixing was calculated using Matlab. For viscosity measurements rotational viscometer was used. RESULTS The results show partial mixing of all solutions with artificial saliva. Measurements with a viscometer indicate different viscosities of all used solutions. Viscosity of a mixture of solution and artificial saliva is always in the range of viscosity of the artificial saliva and the solution separately. Moreover, viscosity of all solutions, as well as mixture with artificial saliva, significantly decreases at higher temperature. CONCLUSION Intraoral administration of mouth rinses results in change of biophysical properties of both saliva and mouth rinses. Those changes can affect preventive and therapeutic effect, and therefore oral health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stevan Hinic
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Republic of Serbia
| | - Bojan Petrovic
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Republic of Serbia
| | - Sanja Kojic
- Faculty of Technical Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Republic of Serbia
| | - Nejra Omerovic
- Biosense Institute, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Republic of Serbia
| | - Jovana Jevremov
- Faculty of Technical Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Republic of Serbia
| | - Nina Jelenciakova
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Republic of Serbia
| | - Goran Stojanovic
- Faculty of Technical Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Republic of Serbia
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Kim MK, Kim SG, Lee SK. 4-Hexylresorcinol-in duced angiogenesis potential in human endothelial cells. Maxillofac Plast Reconstr Surg 2020; 42:23. [PMID: 32642459 PMCID: PMC7324454 DOI: 10.1186/s40902-020-00267-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background 4-Hexylresorcinol (4HR) is able to increase angiogenesis. However, its molecular mechanism in the human endothelial cells has not been clarified. Methods As endothelial cells are important in angiogenesis, we treated the human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) with 4HR and investigated protein expressional changes by immunoprecipitation high-performance liquid chromatography (IP-HPLC) using 96 antisera. Results Here, we found that 4HR upregulated transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β)/SMAD/vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) signaling, RAF-B/ERK and p38 signaling, and M2 macrophage polarization pathways. 4HR also increased expression of caspases and subsequent cellular apoptosis. Mechanistically, 4HR increased TGF-β1 production and subsequent activation of SMADs/VEGFs, RAF-B/ERK and p38 signaling, and M2 macrophage polarization. Conclusion Collectively, 4HR activates TGF-β/SMAD/VEGF signaling in endothelial cells and induced vascular regeneration and remodeling for wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Keun Kim
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Dentistry, Gangneung-Wonju National University, and Institute of Oral Science, 123 Chibyun-dong, Gangneung, 210-702 Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Gon Kim
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Dentistry, Gangneung-Wonju National University, and Institute of Oral Science, 123 Chibyun-dong, Gangneung, 210-702 Republic of Korea
| | - Suk Keun Lee
- Department of Oral Pathology, College of Dentistry, Gangneung-Wonju National University, and Institute of Oral Science, 123 Chibyun-dong, Gangneung, 210-702 Republic of Korea
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Jung C, Molinari N, Bouhlel A, Ruimy R, Prêcheur I. Thickened Drinks and Oral Nutritional Supplements as Potential Reservoirs of Oral Microorganisms: Microbial Assays In Vitro. Res Gerontol Nurs 2020; 13:1-7. [PMID: 32101320 DOI: 10.3928/19404921-20200220-01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Oral hygiene is difficult to achieve for frail older adults. Aging, chronic diseases, polypharmacy, mouth-washes, and crushed drugs can contribute to uncontrolled proliferation and microbial deposits in the mouth. Looking for avoidable risk factors, in vitro microbial survival or proliferation in thickened drinks and oral nutritional supplements (ONS) was investigated. The safest thickened drinks were ready-to-use products containing preservatives. Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Candida albicans proliferated in dairy ONS at room temperature. C. albicans also proliferated in juices. Oral anerobic bacteria were recovered from part eaten ONS. Thickened drinks and ONS could contribute to microbial proliferation, especially with patients who have swallowing alterations or cognitive troubles, who may keep these solutions longer than necessary in their mouth. These products can also constitute microbial reservoirs in the environment of frail older adults. It is important for health care workers and family members to respect hand hygiene and refrigeration procedures. [Research in Gerontological Nursing, xx(x), xx-xx.].
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Cozens EJ, Kong D, Roohpour N, Gautrot JE. The physico-chemistry of adhesions of protein resistant and weak polyelectrolyte brushes to cells and tissues. Soft Matter 2020; 16:505-522. [PMID: 31804646 DOI: 10.1039/c9sm01403a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The non-specific adhesion of polymers and soft tissues is of great interest to the field of biomedical engineering, as it will shed light on some of the processes that regulate interactions between scaffolds, implants and nanoparticles with surrounding tissues after implantation or delivery. In order to promote adhesion to soft tissues, a greater understanding of the relationship between polymer chemistry and nanoscale adhesion mechanisms is required. In this work, we grew poly(dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate) (PDMAEMA), poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) and poly(oligoethylene glycol methacrylate) (POEGMA) brushes from the surface of silica beads, and investigated their adhesion to a variety of substrates via colloidal probe-based atomic force microscopy (AFM). We first characterised adhesion to a range of substrates with defined surface chemistry (self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) with a range of hydrophilicities, charge and hydrogen bonding), before studying the adhesion of brushes to epithelial cell monolayers (primary keratinocytes and HaCaT cells) and soft tissues (porcine epicardium and keratinized gingiva). Adhesion assays to SAMs reveal the complex balance of interactions (electrostatic, van der Waals interactions and hydrogen bonding) regulating the adhesion of weak polyelectrolyte brushes. This resulted in particularly strong adhesion of PAA brushes to a wide range of surface chemistries. In turn, colloidal probe microscopy on cell monolayers highlighted the importance of the glycocalyx in regulating non-specific adhesions. This was also reflected by the adhesive properties of soft tissues, in combination with their mechanical properties. Overall, this work clearly demonstrates the complex nature of interactions between polymeric biomaterials and biological samples and highlights the need for relatively elaborate models to predict these interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward J Cozens
- Institute of Bioengineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London, E1 4NS, UK.
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Kim MK, Yoon CS, Kim SG, Park YW, Lee SS, Lee SK. Effects of 4-Hexylresorcinol on Protein Expressions in RAW 264.7 Cells as Determined by Immunoprecipitation High Performance Liquid Chromatography. Sci Rep 2019; 9:3379. [PMID: 30833641 PMCID: PMC6399215 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-38946-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
4-Hexylresorcinol (4HR) is a small organic compound that is used as an additive antiseptic and antioxidant, but its molecular properties have not been clearly elucidated. The present study explored the cellular effects of 4HR on RAW 264.7 cells by immunoprecipitation high-performance liquid chromatography (IP-HPLC) using 216 antisera. 4HR-treated cells showed significant decreases in the expressions of proliferation-related proteins, cMyc/MAX/MAD network, p53/Rb/E2F and Wnt/β-catenin signalings, epigenetic modifications, and protein translation. Furthermore, 4HR suppressed the expressions of growth factors and proteins associated with RAS signaling, NFkB signaling, inflammation, and osteogenesis, but elevated the expressions of proteins associated with p53-mediated and FAS-mediated apoptosis, T-cell immunity, angiogenesis, antioxidant, and oncogenic signaling. In a 4HR adherence assay, TNFα, PKC, osteopontin, and GADD45 were strongly adherent to 4HR-coated beads, whereas IL-6, c-caspase 3, CDK4, and c-caspase 9 were not. Many 4HR adherent proteins were expressed at lower levels in 4HR treated RAW 264.7 cells than in non-treated controls, whereas 4HR non-adherent proteins were expressed at higher levels. These observations suggest 4HR affects the expressions of proteins in an adhesion-dependent manner and that its effects on proteins are characteristic and global in RAW 264.7 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Keun Kim
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Dentistry, Gangneung-Wonju National University, and Institute of Oral Science, Gangneung, Korea
| | - Cheol Soo Yoon
- Department of Oral Pathology, College of Dentistry, Gangneung-Wonju National University, and Institute of Oral Science, Gangneung, Korea
| | - Seong Gon Kim
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Dentistry, Gangneung-Wonju National University, and Institute of Oral Science, Gangneung, Korea
| | - Young Wook Park
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Dentistry, Gangneung-Wonju National University, and Institute of Oral Science, Gangneung, Korea
| | - Sang Shin Lee
- Department of Oral Pathology, College of Dentistry, Gangneung-Wonju National University, and Institute of Oral Science, Gangneung, Korea
| | - Suk Keun Lee
- Department of Oral Pathology, College of Dentistry, Gangneung-Wonju National University, and Institute of Oral Science, Gangneung, Korea.
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Lamure J, Chevalier M, Rathelot P, Mignolet F, Precheur I. In Vitro Screening of the Antibacterial and Anti-Candida Properties of Crushed Nonantimicrobial Drugs Frequently Prescribed in Nursing Homes. Res Gerontol Nurs 2018; 11:82-90. [PMID: 29451932 DOI: 10.3928/19404921-20180131-01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Frail older adults often experience swallowing disorders, prompting nursing staff to crush tablets, open capsules, and mix drugs into their meals or gelled water. However, crushing drugs can lead to pharmacological and gustatory problems. As crushed drugs can stay in prolonged contact with oral microbial biofilm, the current study aimed to investigate their antimicrobial properties. Crushed drugs were diluted in 1 mL of isotonic water and assayed in vitro for: (a) growth inhibition of five bacterial strains and Candida albicans by the diffusion method; (b) inhibition of Streptococcus salivarius and C. albicans biofilm formation; and (c) elimination of a preformed biofilm of S. salivarius and C. albicans after 5-minute contact. Eight of 29 crushed drugs inhibited bacterial and/or fungal growth on agar plates. Twenty-eight of 29 crushed drugs reduced the total biomass when incubated with S. salivarius, and 28 of 29 crushed drugs inhibited C. albicans biofilm formation. Preformed biomass was reduced by ≥25% by seven of 29 drugs. Crushed drugs may unbalance oral ecosystems and contribute to oral inflammation. [Res Gerontol Nurs. 2018; 11(2):82-90.].
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Naumova EA, Dickten C, Jung R, Krauss F, Rübesamen H, Schmütsch K, Sandulescu T, Zimmer S, Arnold WH. Dynamics of Fluoride Bioavailability in the Biofilms of Different Oral Surfaces after Amine Fluoride and Sodium Fluoride Application. Sci Rep 2016; 6:18729. [PMID: 26727989 DOI: 10.1038/srep18729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
It was the aim of this study to investigate differences in fluoride bioavailability in different oral areas after the application of amine fluoride (AmF) and sodium fluoride (NaF). The null hypothesis suggested no differences in the fluoride bioavailability. The tongue coating was removed and biofilm samples from the palate, oral floor and cheeks were collected. All subjects brushed their teeth with toothpaste containing AmF or NaF. Specimens were collected before, as well as immediately after and at 30 and 120 minutes after tooth brushing. The fluoride concentration was determined. The area under the curve was calculated for each location and compared statistically. In the tongue coating, fluoride concentration increased faster after NaF application than after AmF application. After 30 minutes, the fluoride concentration decreased and remained stable until 120 minutes after AmF application and returned to baseline after NaF application. The difference between the baseline and the endpoint measurements was statistically significant. The fluoride concentration in the tongue coating remained at a higher level compared with the baseline for up to 120 minutes post-brushing. This may indicate that the tongue coating is a major reservoir for fluoride bioavailability. The results also indicate an unequal fluoride distribution in the oral cavity.
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