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Pritam A, Priyadarshini A, Hussain K, Kumar A, Kumar N, Malakar A. Assessment of Nickel and Chromium Level in Gingival Crevicular Fluid in Patients Undergoing Orthodontic Treatment with or without Fluoridated Tooth Paste. J Pharm Bioallied Sci 2022; 13:S1588-S1590. [PMID: 35018035 PMCID: PMC8686991 DOI: 10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_302_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 05/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Release of metallic ions, especially nickel and chromium, present in orthodontic fixed appliance attachments such as brackets and archwires has been a basis of concern in current years. The present study was conducted to assess nickel and chromium level in gingival crevicular fluid in patients undergoing orthodontic treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS Forty patients undergoing fixed orthodontic treatment were divided into 2 groups of 20 each. Group I was fixed orthodontic treatment group and was given nonfluoridated toothpaste and Group II was fixed orthodontic treatment group and was given fluoridated toothpaste. The assessment of salivary nickel and chromium levels was done using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. RESULTS In group I, there were 6 male and 14 female and in group II 7 males and 13 females. The mean nickel level (ng/ml) before treatment in group I was 0.49 and in group II was 0.52, on 7th day was 0.52 and 0.54, on 30th day was 13.4 and 100.2, and on 6th month was 0.54 and 0.52 in Group I and II, respectively. The mean chromium level (ng/ml) before treatment in Group I was 0.48 and in Group II was 0.52, on 7th day was 0.52 and 0.53, on 30th day was 40.6 and 62.4 and on 6th month was 4.9 and 0.52 in Group I and II, respectively. The difference was significant (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION The release of metal ions such as nickel and chromium was more with fluoridated toothpaste as compared to nonfluoridated toothpaste in patients undergoing fixed orthodontics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amrita Pritam
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Vananchal Dental College and Hospital, Garhwa, Jharkhand, India
| | - Arya Priyadarshini
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Vananchal Dental College and Hospital, Garhwa, Jharkhand, India
| | | | - Abhijit Kumar
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Vananchal Dental College and Hospital, Garhwa, Jharkhand, India
| | - Nikhil Kumar
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Vananchal Dental College and Hospital, Garhwa, Jharkhand, India
| | - Aniruddha Malakar
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Vananchal Dental College and Hospital, Garhwa, Jharkhand, India
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Taqa AA, Al-Hafidh NN, Al-Abbood MTS. The effect of fluoride gel on tensile properties, surface morphology and chemical composition of two types of orthodontic wires (an in-vitro study). J Orthod Sci 2021; 10:14. [PMID: 34568210 PMCID: PMC8423158 DOI: 10.4103/jos.jos_55_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: Stainless steel and nickel-titanium wires are commonly used in fixed orthodontic appliances. Orthodontists often prescribe fluoride gel to avoid demineralization of teeth. This study investigated the effect of acidulated phosphate fluoride gel on the tensile properties, surface morphology and surface chemical composition of stainless steel and nickel-titanium wires. METHODS: Forty samples of stainless steel and nickel-titanium wires were examined, twenty for each type. Each wire type was divided into four subgroups. The first subgroup was not immersed in fluoride gel and considered as control, while the other three subgroups were immersed in 10 mL of fluoride gel for different periods of time. Then, the wires were removed from the gel, rinsed in a distilled water and left to dry. The ultimate tensile force of each wire was measured using a tensile testing machine. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) were used to examine the control and 24 h immersed subgroups. RESULTS: One-way analysis of variance ANOVA showed that there were no significant differences in the ultimate tensile forces between control and fluoride-treated subgroups (P = 0.172 for SS wires and P = 0.672 for NiTi wires). However, changes in the surface morphology and elemental composition of wires were shown by the SEM and EDX. CONCLUSIONS: Although immersion of stainless steel and nickel-titanium wires in the fluoride gel did not affect their tensile properties, however, surface deterioration was evident. So, further investigations are recommended to study the effect of these changes on the oral health of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amer A Taqa
- Department of Dental Basic Science, College of Dentistry, University of Mosul, Mosul, Iraq
| | - Nada Nashee Al-Hafidh
- Department of Pedodontics, Orthodontics and Preventive Dentistry, College of Dentistry, University of Mosul, Mosul, Iraq
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Belasic TZ, Pejova B, Curkovic HO, Kamenar E, Cetenovic B, Spalj S. Influence of intraoral application of antiseptics and fluorides during orthodontic treatment on corrosion and mechanical characteristics of nickel-titanium alloy in orthodontic appliances. Angle Orthod 2021; 91:528-537. [PMID: 33566077 DOI: 10.2319/052620-480.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To explore whether the commercial agents recommended for controlling dental biofilm formation had a significant effect in vivo on mechanical and corrosion properties of nickel-titanium (NiTi) alloy. MATERIALS AND METHODS NiTi archwires (dimensions 0.508 × 0.508 mm) were collected from 36 orthodontic patients aged 13-42 years after a 3-month intraoral exposure. Three experimental groups were formed: (1) subjects conducting regular oral hygiene, (2) subjects who used fluorides for intensive prophylaxis for the first month, and (3) subjects who used chlorhexidine in the same manner. Corrosion behavior, surface characteristics, stiffness, hardness, and friction were analyzed. RESULTS Exposure to intraoral conditions significantly reduced the stiffness and hardness of the NiTi alloy (P ≤ .015). Fluoride tended to reduce stiffness and hardness more than did saliva or antiseptic, but not significantly. Roughness and friction were not significantly influenced by oral exposure. Intraoral aging predominantly produced general corrosion independent of the adjuvant prophylactic agent, although localized corrosion may also have occurred. CONCLUSIONS Fluorides and the antiseptic chlorhexidine do not increase corrosion more than saliva itself, nor do they further modify the mechanical properties of the NiTi alloy.
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Elsaka S, Hassan A, Elnaghy A. Effect of gastric acids on surface topography and bending properties of esthetic coated nickel-titanium orthodontic archwires. Clin Oral Investig 2020; 25:1319-1326. [PMID: 32617780 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-020-03438-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of simulated gastric acid solution on surface topography and bending properties of esthetic coated nickel-titanium (NiTi) archwires. MATERIALS AND METHODS Three brands of as-received white-coated superelastic NiTi upper archwires were used in this study: Dany, Perfect, and Nitanium. Uncoated metallic areas for each white-coated NiTi archwire were used for comparison with the coated areas. The specimens for each archwire were divided into two groups according to coating as follows: Group A, uncoated, and group B, coated. Then, each group was further subdivided into two subgroups according to the immersion medium as follows: Subgroup 1, immersed in artificial saliva, and subgroup 2, immersed in simulated gastric acid. Surface roughness, surface morphology, and three-point bending test were performed. The data were analyzed statistically using ANOVA and Tukey test. RESULTS The archwires immersed in simulated gastric acid solution showed significantly higher surface roughness and lower forces on loading and unloading than the archwires immersed in artificial saliva (P < 0.001). Perfect archwire showed significantly the highest surface roughness compared with Dany and Nitanium archwires (P < 0.001). The uncoated archwires showed higher loading and unloading forces compared with coated archwires for all groups (P < 0.001). Nitanium archwire showed the lowest loading and unloading forces at different deflections (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS The simulated gastric acid solution decreased considerably the amount of force applied at a given deflection. The loading-deflection and surface roughness properties of coated archwires were affected by the type of coating material. CLINICAL RELEVANCE The impact of gastric acids on surface and mechanical properties of orthodontic archwires depend on type of coating materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaymaa Elsaka
- Department of Dental Biomaterials, Faculty of Dentistry, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt. .,Department of Restorative Science, Alfarabi Private College of Dentistry and Nursing, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Ali Hassan
- Department of Restorative Science, Alfarabi Private College of Dentistry and Nursing, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amr Elnaghy
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
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Nik TH, Ghadirian H, Hooshmand T, Kharazifard MJ, Nasiri M, Mahd MJ. Effect of 0.05% Sodium Fluoride Mouthwash on Surface Roughness and Friction between Ceramic Brackets and Rhodium-Coated and Uncoated Stainless Steel Wires. Front Dent 2019; 16:121-129. [PMID: 31777853 PMCID: PMC6874846 DOI: 10.18502/fid.v16i2.1363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: This study aimed to assess the effect of 0.05% sodium fluoride (NaF) mouthwash on the surface roughness and friction between ceramic brackets and rhodium-coated (RC) and uncoated stainless steel (SS) wires. Materials and Methods: This experimental study was performed on 48 maxillary premolar ceramic brackets. Twenty-four pieces of RC-SS wires were used. Samples were divided into four groups. Groups 1 and 2 were immersed in artificial saliva, and groups 3 and 4 were immersed in a solution consisting of artificial saliva (9%) and mouthwash (91%). To assess surface roughness, images were obtained from the surface of wires and brackets with atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) before and after the intervention. To assess friction, the wires were ligated into brackets, and friction was measured at a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/minute using a universal testing machine. Data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) at the 0.05 significance level. Results: Friction during sliding in RC wires was significantly less than that in SS wires (P<0.05). Increase in the friction in SS wires by mouthwash was significantly greater compared to RC wires (P<0.05). Surface roughness coefficients of the wires before the intervention were not significantly different. The surface roughness of the wires significantly increased after the intervention and it was greater in SS wires than in RC wires (P<0.05). Conclusion: Considering the lower friction and surface roughness of SS-RC wires compared to SS wires, SS-RC wires may be a better alternative for use with ceramic brackets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahereh Hosseinzadeh Nik
- Dental Research Center, Dentistry Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hannaneh Ghadirian
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Tabassom Hooshmand
- Research Center for Sciences and Technology in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Javad Kharazifard
- Dental Research Center, Dentistry Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Nasiri
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Javaheri Mahd
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Chitra P, Prashantha GS, Rao A. Long-term evaluation of metal ion release in orthodontic patients using fluoridated oral hygiene agents: An in vivo study. J World Fed Orthod 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejwf.2019.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Rincic Mlinaric M, Karlovic S, Ciganj Z, Acev DP, Pavlic A, Spalj S. Oral antiseptics and nickel-titanium alloys: mechanical and chemical effects of interaction. Odontology 2019; 107:150-7. [PMID: 30178177 DOI: 10.1007/s10266-018-0387-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The effect of oral antiseptics on the corrosion of nickel-titanium (NiTi) alloys with various coating was investigated. Uncoated, titanium nitride-coated and rhodium-coated NiTi archwires (0.020 × 0.020″) were tested in interaction with artificial saliva pH 4.8 and oral antiseptics based on hyaluronic acid (Gengigel), chlorhexidine (Curasept) and essential oils in alcohol base (Listerine). The dynamics of nickel and titanium ions release were recorded during 28 days. Springback ratio and modulus of resilience were assessed by three-point bending test. The results showed that corrosion of NiTi is related to type of antiseptic mouth rinse and coating formulations. Exposure to an artificial saliva and antiseptics tend to reduce flexibility and resilience of NiTi archwires. The influence of the media is more significant than the influence of the type of the alloys coating. The largest release of nickel ions is in the first 3 days. Antiseptics do not cause further deterioration of the elastic properties in uncoated NiTi compared to saliva. As a result of exposure of nitrified NiTi wires in Listerine, there is bigger release of nickel ions, decrease in elastic properties and lower force delivery in unload. Listerine tends to reduce elastic properties of rhodium-coated wires also. In conclusion, except for Listerine, changes of mechanical characteristics induced by antiseptics are small and would not have a clinically important impact. Generally, Curasept would be the most suitable option.
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Albuquerque CGD, Correr AB, Venezian GC, Santamaria M, Tubel CA, Vedovello SAS. Deflection and Flexural Strength Effects on the Roughness of Aesthetic-Coated Orthodontic Wires. Braz Dent J 2018; 28:40-45. [PMID: 28301016 DOI: 10.1590/0103-6440201700630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim was to evaluate the flexural strength and the effects of deflection on the surface roughness of esthetic orthodontic wires. The sample consisted of 70 archwire 0.014-inch: polytetrafluorethylene (PTFE)-coated Nickel-Titanium (Niti) archwires (Titanol Cosmetic-TC, Flexy Super Elastic Esthetic-FSE, esthetic Nickel Titanium Wire-ANT); epoxy resin-coated Niti archwires (Spectra-S, Niticosmetic-TEC); gold and rhodium coated Niti (Sentalloy-STC) and a control group (superelastic Niti (Nitinol-NS). The initial roughness was evaluated with a rugosimeter. After that, the wires were submitted to flexural test in an universal testing machine. Each wire was deflected up to 2 mm at a speed of 1 mm/min. After flexural test, the roughness of the wires was evaluted on the same surface as that used for the initial evaluation. The data of roughness and flexural strength were analyzed by one-way ANOVA and Tukey's test (a=0.05). Student t-test compared roughness before and after deflection (a =0.05). The roughness of S and ANT (epoxy resin and PTFE-coated wires, respectively), before and after deflection, was significantly higher than the other groups (p<0.05). Wire deflection significantly increased the roughness of the wires S and STC (p<0.05). The flexural strength of groups FSE and NS (PTFE and uncoated) was higher compared with that of the other groups (p<0.05). We concluded that the roughness and flexural strength of the orthodontic wires does not depend on the type of the esthetic coating, but it is influenced by the method of application of this coating. The deflection can increase the roughness of the esthetic orthodontic wires.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Américo Bortolazzo Correr
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Dental Materials Division, Piracicaba Dental School, UNICAMP - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Milton Santamaria
- Department of Orthodontics, Fundação Hermínio Ometto-UNIARARAS, Araras, SP, Brazil
| | - Carlos Alberto Tubel
- Department of Orthodontics, Fundação Hermínio Ometto-UNIARARAS, Araras, SP, Brazil
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