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Rosenzweig A, Spotton K, Bhattacharjee A, Morales-Amador A, Brady SF. Identification of an Optimized Clinical Development Candidate from Cilagicin, an Antibiotic That Evades Resistance by Dual Polyprenyl Phosphate Binding. ACS Infect Dis 2024; 10:1536-1544. [PMID: 38626307 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.4c00018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/18/2024]
Abstract
Cilagicin is a dual polyprenyl phosphate binding lipodepsipeptide antibiotic with strong activity against clinically relevant Gram-positive pathogens while evading antibiotic resistance. Cilagicin showed high serum binding that reduced its in vivo efficacy. Cilagicin-BP, which contains a biphenyl moiety in place of the N-terminal myristic acid found on cilagicin, showed reduced serum binding and increased in vivo efficacy but decreased potency against some pathogens. Here, we manipulated the acyl tail and the peptide core of cilagicin to identify an optimized collection of structural features that maintain potent antibiotic activity against a wide range of pathogens in the presence of serum. This led to the identification of the optimized antibiotic dodecacilagicin, which contains an N-terminal dodecanoic acid. Dodecacilagicin exhibits low MICs against clinically relevant pathogens in the presence of serum, retains polyprenyl phosphate binding, and evades resistance development even after long-term antibiotic exposure, making dodecacilagicin an appealing candidate for further therapeutic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Rosenzweig
- Laboratory of Genetically Encoded Small Molecules, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, New York 10065, United States
- Tri-Institutional PhD Program in Chemical Biology, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Kaylyn Spotton
- Laboratory of Genetically Encoded Small Molecules, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, New York 10065, United States
- Tri-Institutional PhD Program in Chemical Biology, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Abir Bhattacharjee
- Laboratory of Genetically Encoded Small Molecules, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Adrián Morales-Amador
- Laboratory of Genetically Encoded Small Molecules, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Sean F Brady
- Laboratory of Genetically Encoded Small Molecules, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, New York 10065, United States
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Hou L, Fu Y, Zhao C, Fan L, Hu H, Yin S. The research progress on the impact of antibiotics on the male reproductive system. Environ Int 2024; 187:108670. [PMID: 38669720 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2024.108670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Antibiotics are extensively utilized in the livestock and poultry industry and can accumulate in animals and the environment, leading to potential health risks for humans via food and water consumption. Research on antibiotic toxicity, particularly their impact as endocrine disruptors on the male reproductive system, is still in its nascent stages. This review highlights the toxic effect of antibiotics on the male reproductive system, detailing the common routes of exposure and the detrimental impact and mechanisms of various antibiotic classes. Additionally, it discusses the protective role of food-derived active substances against the reproductive toxicity induced by antibiotics. This review aims to raise awareness about the reproductive toxicity of antibiotics in males and to outline the challenges that must be addressed in future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lirui Hou
- Department of Nutrition and Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, 17 Qinghua East Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yuhan Fu
- Department of Nutrition and Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, 17 Qinghua East Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Chong Zhao
- Department of Nutrition and Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, 17 Qinghua East Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Lihong Fan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Yunamingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Hongbo Hu
- Department of Nutrition and Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, 17 Qinghua East Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Shutao Yin
- Department of Nutrition and Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, 17 Qinghua East Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China.
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Gahane AY, Verma DP, Sarkar S, Thakur AK. Evaluation of Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) of Novel Fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl- Phenylalanine Antimicrobial Agent. Pharm Res 2024; 41:687-698. [PMID: 38519814 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-024-03690-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the pharmacokinetic profile, in-vivo toxicity, and efficacy of 9-Fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl-L-phenylalanine (Fmoc-F) as a potential antibacterial agent, with a focus on its suitability for clinical translation. METHODS An RP-HPLC-based bio-analytical method was developed and qualified to quantify Fmoc-F levels in mouse plasma for pharmacokinetic analysis. Oral bioavailability was determined, and in-vivo toxicity was evaluated following intra-peritoneal administration. Efficacy was assessed by measuring the reduction in Staphylococcus aureus burden and survival rates in BALB/c mice. RESULTS The RP-HPLC method is highly sensitive, detecting as low as 0.8 µg mL-1 (~ 2 µM) of Fmoc-F in blood plasma. This study revealed that Fmoc-F has an oral bioavailability of 65 ± 18% and suitable pharmacokinetic profile. Further, we showed that intra-peritoneal administration of Fmoc-F is well tolerated by BALB/c mice and Fmoc-F treatment (100 mg/kg, i.p.) significantly reduces Staphylococcus aureus burden from visceral organs in BALB/c mice but falls short in enhancing survival rates at higher bacterial loads. CONCLUSIONS The study provides crucial insights into the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of Fmoc-F. The compound displayed favourable oral bioavailability and in-vivo tolerance. Its significant reduction of bacterial burden underscores its potential as a treatment for systemic infections. However, limited effectiveness for severe infections, short half-life, and inflammatory response at higher doses need to be addressed for its clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avinash Y Gahane
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, The Mehta Family Centre for Engineering in Medicine, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, 208016, India
| | - Devesh Pratap Verma
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, The Mehta Family Centre for Engineering in Medicine, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, 208016, India
| | - Swagata Sarkar
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, The Mehta Family Centre for Engineering in Medicine, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, 208016, India
| | - Ashwani K Thakur
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, The Mehta Family Centre for Engineering in Medicine, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, 208016, India.
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Plaatjie MTA, Onyiche TE, Ramatla T, Bezuidenhout JJ, Legoabe L, Nyembe NI, Thekisoe O. A scoping review on efficacy and safety of medicinal plants used for the treatment of diarrhea in sub-Saharan Africa. Trop Med Health 2024; 52:6. [PMID: 38173018 PMCID: PMC10763068 DOI: 10.1186/s41182-023-00569-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), significant morbidity and mortality have been linked to diarrhea, which is frequently caused by microorganisms. A rise in antimicrobial-resistant pathogens has reignited the search for alternative therapies. This scoping review aims to map the literature on medicinal plants in relation to their anti-diarrheal potential from SSA. METHODS Studies published from 1990 until April 2022 on medicinal plants used for the treatment of diarrhea from each country in SSA were searched on Scopus, Web of Science, Science Direct and PubMed. The selection of articles was based on the availability of data on the in vitro and/or in vivo, ethnobotanical, and cross-sectional studies on the efficacy of medicinal plants against diarrhea. A total of 67 articles (ethnobotanical (n = 40); in vitro (n = 11), in vivo (n = 7), cross-sectional (n = 3), in vitro and in vivo (n = 2) and ethnobotanical and in vitro (n = 2), were considered for the descriptive analysis, which addressed study characteristics, herbal intervention information, phytochemistry, outcome measures, and toxicity findings. RESULTS A total of 587 different plant species (from 123 families) used for diarrhea treatment were identified. Most studies were conducted on plants from the Fabaceae family. The plants with the strongest antimicrobial activity were Indigofera daleoides and Punica granatum. Chromatographic methods were used to isolate six pure compounds from ethyl acetate extract of Hydnora johannis, and spectroscopic methods were used to determine their structures. The majority of anti-diarrheal plants were from South Africa (23.9%), Ethiopia (16.4%), and Uganda (9%). This study highlights the value of traditional remedies in treating common human diseases such as diarrhea in SSA. CONCLUSION Baseline knowledge gaps were identified in various parts of SSA. It is therefore recommended that future ethnobotanical studies document the knowledge held by other countries in SSA that have so far received less attention. Additionally, we recommend that future studies conduct phytochemical investigations, particularly on the widely used medicinal plants for the treatment of diarrheal illnesses, which can serve as a foundation for future research into the development of contemporary drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moitshepi T A Plaatjie
- Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - ThankGod E Onyiche
- Department of Veterinary Parasitology and Entomology, University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri, 600230, Nigeria
| | - Tsepo Ramatla
- Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa.
- Gastrointestinal Research Unit, Department of Surgery, School of Clinical Medicine, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa.
| | - Johannes J Bezuidenhout
- Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Lesetja Legoabe
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, North-West University, Potchefstroom, 2520, South Africa
| | - Nthatisi I Nyembe
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of the Free State, Phuthaditjhaba, South Africa
| | - Oriel Thekisoe
- Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
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Parmar A, Lakshminarayanan R, Iyer A, Goh ETL, To TY, Yam JKH, Yang L, Newire E, Robertson MC, Prior SH, Breukink E, Madder A, Singh I. Development of teixobactin analogues containing hydrophobic, non-proteogenic amino acids that are highly potent against multidrug-resistant bacteria and biofilms. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 261:115853. [PMID: 37857144 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Teixobactin is a cyclic undecadepsipeptide that has shown excellent potency against multidrug-resistant pathogens, such as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and vancomycin-resistant Enterococci (VRE). In this article, we present the design, synthesis, and antibacterial evaluations of 16 different teixobactin analogues. These simplified analogues contain commercially available hydrophobic, non-proteogenic amino acid residues instead of synthetically challenging expensive L-allo-enduracididine amino acid residue at position 10 together with different combinations of arginines at positions 3, 4 and 9. The new teixobactin analogues showed potent antibacterial activity against a broad panel of Gram-positive bacteria, including MRSA and VRE strains. Our work also presents the first demonstration of the potent antibiofilm activity of teixobactin analogoues against Staphylococcus species associated with serious chronic infections. Our results suggest that the use of hydrophobic, non-proteogenic amino acids at position 10 in combination with arginine at positions 3, 4 and 9 holds the key to synthesising a new generation of highly potent teixobactin analogues to tackle resistant bacterial infections and biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anish Parmar
- Antimicrobial Pharmacodynamics and Therapeutics, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Institute of Systems, Molecular & Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, William Henry Duncan Building, 6 West Derby St, Liverpool, L7 8TX, UK; Antimicrobial Drug Discovery and Development, Department of Chemistry, The Robert Robinson Laboratories, University of Liverpool, L69 3BX, Liverpool, UK
| | - Rajamani Lakshminarayanan
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, The Academia, Discovery Tower Level 6, 20 College Road, 169857, Singapore
| | - Abhishek Iyer
- Organic and Biomimetic Chemistry Research Group, Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 (S4), B-9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Eunice Tze Leng Goh
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, The Academia, Discovery Tower Level 6, 20 College Road, 169857, Singapore
| | - Tsz Ying To
- Antimicrobial Pharmacodynamics and Therapeutics, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Institute of Systems, Molecular & Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, William Henry Duncan Building, 6 West Derby St, Liverpool, L7 8TX, UK; Antimicrobial Drug Discovery and Development, Department of Chemistry, The Robert Robinson Laboratories, University of Liverpool, L69 3BX, Liverpool, UK
| | - Joey Kuok Hoong Yam
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering (SCELSE), Nanyang Technological University, 637551, Singapore
| | - Liang Yang
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering (SCELSE), Nanyang Technological University, 637551, Singapore; School of Biological Sciences, Division of Structural Biology and Biochemistry, Nanyang Technological University, 639798, Singapore
| | - Enas Newire
- Antimicrobial Pharmacodynamics and Therapeutics, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Institute of Systems, Molecular & Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, William Henry Duncan Building, 6 West Derby St, Liverpool, L7 8TX, UK; Antimicrobial Drug Discovery and Development, Department of Chemistry, The Robert Robinson Laboratories, University of Liverpool, L69 3BX, Liverpool, UK
| | - Maria C Robertson
- Antimicrobial Pharmacodynamics and Therapeutics, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Institute of Systems, Molecular & Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, William Henry Duncan Building, 6 West Derby St, Liverpool, L7 8TX, UK; Antimicrobial Drug Discovery and Development, Department of Chemistry, The Robert Robinson Laboratories, University of Liverpool, L69 3BX, Liverpool, UK
| | - Stephen H Prior
- School of Chemistry, Joseph Banks Laboratories, University of Lincoln, Green Lane, Lincoln, LN6 7DL, United Kingdom
| | - Eefjan Breukink
- Department of Membrane Biochemistry and Biophysics, Institute of Biomembranes, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584, CH, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Annemieke Madder
- Organic and Biomimetic Chemistry Research Group, Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 (S4), B-9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ishwar Singh
- Antimicrobial Pharmacodynamics and Therapeutics, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Institute of Systems, Molecular & Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, William Henry Duncan Building, 6 West Derby St, Liverpool, L7 8TX, UK; Antimicrobial Drug Discovery and Development, Department of Chemistry, The Robert Robinson Laboratories, University of Liverpool, L69 3BX, Liverpool, UK.
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Barman P, Sharma C, Joshi S, Sharma S, Maan M, Rishi P, Singla N, Saini A. In Vivo Acute Toxicity and Therapeutic Potential of a Synthetic Peptide, DP1 in a Staphylococcus aureus Infected Murine Wound Excision Model. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2023:10.1007/s12602-023-10176-1. [PMID: 37910332 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-023-10176-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial infections at the surgical sites are one of the most prevalent skin infections that impair the healing mechanism. They account for about 20% of all types of infections and lead to approximately 75% of surgical-site infection-associated mortality. Several antibiotics, such as cephalosporins, fluoroquinolones, quinolones, penicillin, sulfonamides, etc., that are used to treat such wound infections not only counter infections but also disrupt the normal flora. Moreover, antibiotics, when used for a prolonged duration, may impair the formation of new blood vessels, delay collagen production, or inhibit the migration of certain cells involved in wound repair, leading to an impaired healing process. Therefore, there is a dire need for alternate therapeutic approaches against such infections. Antimicrobial peptides have gained considerable attention as a promising strategy to counter these pathogens and prevent the spread of infection. Recently, we have reported a designed peptide, DP1, and its broad-spectrum in vitro antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. In the present study, in vivo acute toxicity of DP1 was evaluated and even at a high dose (20 mg/kg body weight) of DP1, a 100% survival of mice was observed. Subsequently, a Staphylococcus aureus-infected murine wound excision model was established to assess the wound healing efficacy of DP1. The study revealed significant wound healing vis-a-vis attenuated S. aureus bioburden at the wound site and also controlled the oxidative stress depicting anti-oxidant activity as well. Healing of the infected wounds was also verified by histopathological examination. Based on the results of this study, it can be concluded that DP1 improves wound resolution despite infections and promotes the healing mechanism. Hence, DP1 holds compelling potential as a novel antimicrobial drug that requires further explorations in clinical platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panchali Barman
- Institute of Forensic Science and Criminology (UIEAST), Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Chakshu Sharma
- Department of Biophysics, Panjab University, Chandigarh, U.T, 160014, India
| | - Shubhi Joshi
- Department of Biophysics, Panjab University, Chandigarh, U.T, 160014, India
| | - Sheetal Sharma
- Department of Biophysics, Panjab University, Chandigarh, U.T, 160014, India
| | - Mayank Maan
- Department of Biophysics, Panjab University, Chandigarh, U.T, 160014, India
| | - Praveen Rishi
- Department of Microbiology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, U.T, 160014, India
| | - Neha Singla
- Department of Biophysics, Panjab University, Chandigarh, U.T, 160014, India
| | - Avneet Saini
- Department of Biophysics, Panjab University, Chandigarh, U.T, 160014, India.
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MacNair CR, Tsai CN, Rutherford ST, Tan MW. Returning to Nature for the Next Generation of Antimicrobial Therapeutics. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:1267. [PMID: 37627687 PMCID: PMC10451936 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12081267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Revised: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibiotics found in and inspired by nature are life-saving cures for bacterial infections and have enabled modern medicine. However, the rise in resistance necessitates the discovery and development of novel antibiotics and alternative treatment strategies to prevent the return to a pre-antibiotic era. Once again, nature can serve as a source for new therapies in the form of natural product antibiotics and microbiota-based therapies. Screening of soil bacteria, particularly actinomycetes, identified most of the antibiotics used in the clinic today, but the rediscovery of existing molecules prompted a shift away from natural product discovery. Next-generation sequencing technologies and bioinformatics advances have revealed the untapped metabolic potential harbored within the genomes of environmental microbes. In this review, we first highlight current strategies for mining this untapped chemical space, including approaches to activate silent biosynthetic gene clusters and in situ culturing methods. Next, we describe how using live microbes in microbiota-based therapies can simultaneously leverage many of the diverse antimicrobial mechanisms found in nature to treat disease and the impressive efficacy of fecal microbiome transplantation and bacterial consortia on infection. Nature-provided antibiotics are some of the most important drugs in human history, and new technologies and approaches show that nature will continue to offer valuable inspiration for the next generation of antibacterial therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig R. MacNair
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA;
| | - Caressa N. Tsai
- School of Law, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94704, USA;
| | - Steven T. Rutherford
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA;
| | - Man-Wah Tan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA;
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Chakkyarath V, Natarajan J. Probing intermolecular interactions and binding stability of antimicrobial peptides with beta-lactamase of Klebsiella aerogenes by comparing FDA approved beta-lactam drugs: a docking and molecular dynamics approach. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2022; 40:13641-13657. [PMID: 34676806 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2021.1993340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Hospital pathogens, including Klebsiella aerogenes are becoming increasingly common, with the rise of Beta-lactam-resistant strains, especially in isolates recovered from intensive care rooms. Beta-lactamases participate in both the antibacterial activity and the mediation of the antibiotic resistance of Beta-lactams. The rapid spread of broad-spectrum Beta-lactam antibiotic resistance in pathogenic bacteria has recently become a major global health problem. As a result, new drugs that specifically target Beta-lactamases are urgently needed, and this enzyme has been identified to resolve the problem of bacterial resistance. In previous work, we de-novo developed, synthesized, and studied the in-vitro and in-silico behavior of four novel broad spectrum antimicrobial peptides, namely PEP01 to PEP04. All four peptides had significant antibacterial action against K. aerogenes. The literature evidence strongly suggests that Beta-lactamases are extremely important for bacteria, including K. aerogenes, and hence are therapeutically important and possible targets. Therefore, in this study we incorporated molecular modeling, docking, and simulation studies of the above four AMPs against the Beta-lactamase protein of K. aerogenes. The docking findings were also compared to eight FDA approved Beta-lactam antibiotics. According to our findings, all four peptides have strong binding affinity and interactions with Beta-lactamases and PEP02 has the highest docking score. In MD simulations, the protein-peptide complexes were more stable at 50 ns. We found that the new AMP-PEP02 is the most efficient and suitable drug candidate for inactivating Beta-lactamase protein, and that it is an alternative to or complements existing antibiotics for managing Beta-lactamase related resistance mechanisms based on this computational conclusion.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijina Chakkyarath
- Data Mining and Text Mining Laboratory, Department of Bioinformatics, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Jeyakumar Natarajan
- Data Mining and Text Mining Laboratory, Department of Bioinformatics, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
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Ndaki PM, Mushi MF, Mwanga JR, Konje ET, Mugassa S, Manyiri MW, Mwita SM, Ntinginya NE, Mmbaga BT, Keenan K, Sabiiti W, Kesby M, Benitez-Paez F, Sandeman A, Holden MTG, Mshana SE. Non-prescribed antibiotic dispensing practices for symptoms of urinary tract infection in community pharmacies and accredited drug dispensing outlets in Tanzania: a simulated clients approach. BMC Prim Care 2022; 23:287. [PMID: 36402956 PMCID: PMC9675131 DOI: 10.1186/s12875-022-01905-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antibiotic dispensing without prescription is a major determinant of the emergence of Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) which has impact on population health and cost of healthcare delivery. This study used simulated clients describing UTI like symptoms to explore compliance with regulation, variations in dispensing practices and drug recommendation, and quality of seller-client interaction on the basis of the gender of the client and the type of drug outlets in three regions in Tanzania. METHOD A total of 672 Accredited Drug Dispensing Outlets (ADDOs) and community pharmacies were visited by mystery clients (MCs). The study was conducted in three regions of Tanzania namely Kilimanjaro (180, 26.79%), Mbeya (169, 25.15%) and Mwanza (323, 48.07%) in March-May 2020. During data collection, information was captured using epicollect5 software before being analyzed using Stata version 13. RESULTS Overall, 89.43% (CI: 86.87-91.55%) of drug sellers recommended antibiotics to clients who described UTI like symptoms but held no prescription and 58.93% were willing to sell less than the minimum recommended course. Female clients were more likely than male to be asked if they were taking other medications (27.2% vs 9.8%), or had seen a doctor (27.8% vs 14.7%), and more likely to be advised to consult a doctor (21.6% vs 9.0%); pharmacies addressed these issues more often than ADDOs (17.7% vs 13.2, 23.9% vs 16.6%, 17.7 vs 10.9% respectively). Sellers recommended 32 different drugs to treat the same set of symptoms, only 7 appear in the Tanzanian Standard Treatment Guidelines as recommended for UTI and 30% were 2nd and 3rd line drugs. ADDO sellers recommended 31 drug types (including 2nd and 3rd line) but had permission to stock only 3 (1st line) drugs. The most commonly suggested antibiotics were Azithromycin (35.4%) and ciprofloxacin (20.5%). Azithromycin was suggested more often in pharmacies (40.8%) than in ADDOs (34.4%) and more often to male clients (36.0%) than female (33.1%). CONCLUSION These findings support the need for urgent action to ensure existing regulations are adhered to and to promote the continuing professional development of drug sellers at all outlet levels to ensure compliance with regulation, high quality service and better antibiotic stewardship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pendo M. Ndaki
- grid.411961.a0000 0004 0451 3858Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Behavioral Sciences, School of Public Health, Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences, P.O. Box 1464, Mwanza, Tanzania
| | - Martha F. Mushi
- grid.411961.a0000 0004 0451 3858Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Bugando School of Medicine, Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences, P.O. Box 1464, Mwanza, Tanzania
| | - Joseph R. Mwanga
- grid.411961.a0000 0004 0451 3858Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Behavioral Sciences, School of Public Health, Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences, P.O. Box 1464, Mwanza, Tanzania
| | - Eveline T. Konje
- grid.411961.a0000 0004 0451 3858Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Behavioral Sciences, School of Public Health, Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences, P.O. Box 1464, Mwanza, Tanzania
| | - Stella Mugassa
- grid.411961.a0000 0004 0451 3858Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Behavioral Sciences, School of Public Health, Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences, P.O. Box 1464, Mwanza, Tanzania
| | - Msilikale W. Manyiri
- grid.411961.a0000 0004 0451 3858Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Behavioral Sciences, School of Public Health, Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences, P.O. Box 1464, Mwanza, Tanzania
| | - Stanley M. Mwita
- grid.411961.a0000 0004 0451 3858School of Pharmacy, Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences, P.O. Box 1464, Mwanza, Tanzania
| | - Nyanda E. Ntinginya
- grid.416716.30000 0004 0367 5636National Institute for Medical Research, Mbeya Medical Research Centre, P.O. Box 2410, Mbeya, Tanzania
| | - Blandina T. Mmbaga
- grid.412898.e0000 0004 0648 0439Kilimanjaro Clinical Research Institute, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre and Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College, P.O. Box 2236, Moshi, Tanzania
| | - Katherine Keenan
- grid.11914.3c0000 0001 0721 1626Geography and Sustainable Development, University of St Andrews, North Street, St Andrews, KY16 9AL UK
| | - Wilber Sabiiti
- grid.11914.3c0000 0001 0721 1626Division of Infection and Global Health, School of Medicine, University of St Andrews, North Street, St Andrews, KY16 9AL UK
| | - Mike Kesby
- grid.11914.3c0000 0001 0721 1626Geography and Sustainable Development, University of St Andrews, North Street, St Andrews, KY16 9AL UK
| | - Fernando Benitez-Paez
- grid.11914.3c0000 0001 0721 1626Geography and Sustainable Development, University of St Andrews, North Street, St Andrews, KY16 9AL UK
| | - Alison Sandeman
- grid.11914.3c0000 0001 0721 1626Division of Infection and Global Health, School of Medicine, University of St Andrews, North Street, St Andrews, KY16 9AL UK
| | - Matthew T. G. Holden
- grid.11914.3c0000 0001 0721 1626Division of Infection and Global Health, School of Medicine, University of St Andrews, North Street, St Andrews, KY16 9AL UK
| | - Stephen E. Mshana
- grid.411961.a0000 0004 0451 3858Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Bugando School of Medicine, Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences, P.O. Box 1464, Mwanza, Tanzania
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10
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Arrazuria R, Kerscher B, Huber KE, Hoover JL, Lundberg CV, Hansen JU, Sordello S, Renard S, Aranzana-Climent V, Hughes D, Gribbon P, Friberg LE, Bekeredjian-Ding I. Variability of murine bacterial pneumonia models used to evaluate antimicrobial agents. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:988728. [PMID: 36160241 PMCID: PMC9493352 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.988728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance has become one of the greatest threats to human health, and new antibacterial treatments are urgently needed. As a tool to develop novel therapies, animal models are essential to bridge the gap between preclinical and clinical research. However, despite common usage of in vivo models that mimic clinical infection, translational challenges remain high. Standardization of in vivo models is deemed necessary to improve the robustness and reproducibility of preclinical studies and thus translational research. The European Innovative Medicines Initiative (IMI)-funded “Collaboration for prevention and treatment of MDR bacterial infections” (COMBINE) consortium, aims to develop a standardized, quality-controlled murine pneumonia model for preclinical efficacy testing of novel anti-infective candidates and to improve tools for the translation of preclinical data to the clinic. In this review of murine pneumonia model data published in the last 10 years, we present our findings of considerable variability in the protocols employed for testing the efficacy of antimicrobial compounds using this in vivo model. Based on specific inclusion criteria, fifty-three studies focusing on antimicrobial assessment against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Acinetobacter baumannii were reviewed in detail. The data revealed marked differences in the experimental design of the murine pneumonia models employed in the literature. Notably, several differences were observed in variables that are expected to impact the obtained results, such as the immune status of the animals, the age, infection route and sample processing, highlighting the necessity of a standardized model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakel Arrazuria
- Division of Microbiology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Langen, Germany
| | | | - Karen E. Huber
- Division of Microbiology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Langen, Germany
| | - Jennifer L. Hoover
- Infectious Diseases Research Unit, GlaxoSmithKline Pharmaceuticals, Collegeville, PA, United States
| | | | - Jon Ulf Hansen
- Department of Bacteria, Parasites & Fungi, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | | | | | - Diarmaid Hughes
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Philip Gribbon
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Discovery Research ScreeningPort, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Isabelle Bekeredjian-Ding
- Division of Microbiology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Langen, Germany
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- *Correspondence: Isabelle Bekeredjian-Ding,
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11
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Arrazuria R, Kerscher B, Huber KE, Hoover JL, Lundberg CV, Hansen JU, Sordello S, Renard S, Aranzana-Climent V, Hughes D, Gribbon P, Friberg LE, Bekeredjian-Ding I. Expert workshop summary: Advancing toward a standardized murine model to evaluate treatments for antimicrobial resistance lung infections. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:988725. [PMID: 36160186 PMCID: PMC9493304 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.988725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The rise in antimicrobial resistance (AMR), and increase in treatment-refractory AMR infections, generates an urgent need to accelerate the discovery and development of novel anti-infectives. Preclinical animal models play a crucial role in assessing the efficacy of novel drugs, informing human dosing regimens and progressing drug candidates into the clinic. The Innovative Medicines Initiative-funded “Collaboration for prevention and treatment of MDR bacterial infections” (COMBINE) consortium is establishing a validated and globally harmonized preclinical model to increase reproducibility and more reliably translate results from animals to humans. Toward this goal, in April 2021, COMBINE organized the expert workshop “Advancing toward a standardized murine model to evaluate treatments for AMR lung infections”. This workshop explored the conduct and interpretation of mouse infection models, with presentations on PK/PD and efficacy studies of small molecule antibiotics, combination treatments (β-lactam/β-lactamase inhibitor), bacteriophage therapy, monoclonal antibodies and iron sequestering molecules, with a focus on the major Gram-negative AMR respiratory pathogens Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Acinetobacter baumannii. Here we summarize the factors of variability that we identified in murine lung infection models used for antimicrobial efficacy testing, as well as the workshop presentations, panel discussions and the survey results for the harmonization of key experimental parameters. The resulting recommendations for standard design parameters are presented in this document and will provide the basis for the development of a harmonized and bench-marked efficacy studies in preclinical murine pneumonia model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakel Arrazuria
- Division of Microbiology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Langen, Germany
| | | | - Karen E. Huber
- Division of Microbiology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Langen, Germany
| | - Jennifer L. Hoover
- Infectious Diseases Research Unit, GlaxoSmithKline Pharmaceuticals, Collegeville, PA, United States
| | | | - Jon Ulf Hansen
- Department of Bacteria, Parasites & Fungi, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | | | | | - Diarmaid Hughes
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Philip Gribbon
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Discovery Research ScreeningPort, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Isabelle Bekeredjian-Ding
- Division of Microbiology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Langen, Germany
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- *Correspondence: Isabelle Bekeredjian-Ding,
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12
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Yang FF, Shuai MS, Guan X, Zhang M, Zhang QQ, Fu XZ, Li ZQ, Wang DP, Zhou M, Yang YY, Liu T, He B, Zhao YL. Synthesis and antibacterial activity studies in vitro of indirubin-3'-monoximes. RSC Adv 2022; 12:25068-25080. [PMID: 36199871 PMCID: PMC9438470 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra01035f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Multi-drug-resistant microbial pathogens are a serious global health problem. New compounds with antibacterial activity serve as good candidates for developing novel antibacterial drugs which is very urgent and important. In this work, based on the unique scaffold of indirubin, an active ingredient of traditional Chinese medicine formulation Danggui Luhui Wan, we synthesized 29 indirubin-3'-monoximes and preliminarily evaluated their antibacterial activities. The antibacterial activity results demonstrated that the synthesized indirubin-3'-monoximes 5a-5z and 5aa-5ad displayed good potency against S. aureus ATCC25923 (MIC = 0.4-25.6 μg mL-1). Among them, we found that the 5-F, 5-Cl and 7-CF3 substituted indirubin-3'-monoximes 5r, 5s and 5aa also showed better antibacterial efficiency for S. aureus (MICs up to 0.4 μg mL-1) than the prototype natural product indirubin (MIC = 32 μg mL-1). More importantly, indirubin-3'-monoxime 5aa has certain synergistic effect with levofloxacin against clinic multidrug-resistant S. aureus (fractional inhibitory concentration index: 0.375). In addition, relevant experiments including electron microscopy observations, PI staining and the leakage of extracellular potassium ions and nucleic acid (260 nm) have been performed after treating S. aureus with indirubin-3'-monoxime 5aa, and the results revealed that indirubin-3'-monoximes could increase the cell membrane permeability of S. aureus. Although indirubin-3'-monoxime 5aa showed some cytotoxicity toward SH-SY5Y cells relative to compounds 5r and 5s, the skin irritation test of male mice after shaving showed that compound 5aa at a concentration of 12.8 μg mL-1 had no toxicity to mouse skin, and it could be used as a leading compound for skin antibacterial drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fen-Fen Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, School of Pharmacy, and Engineering Research Center for the Development and Application of Ethnic Medicine and TCM (Ministry of Education), Guizhou Medical University Guiyang 550004 People's Republic of China
| | - Ming-Shan Shuai
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, School of Pharmacy, and Engineering Research Center for the Development and Application of Ethnic Medicine and TCM (Ministry of Education), Guizhou Medical University Guiyang 550004 People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, School of Pharmacy, and Engineering Research Center for the Development and Application of Ethnic Medicine and TCM (Ministry of Education), Guizhou Medical University Guiyang 550004 People's Republic of China
| | - Mao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, School of Pharmacy, and Engineering Research Center for the Development and Application of Ethnic Medicine and TCM (Ministry of Education), Guizhou Medical University Guiyang 550004 People's Republic of China
| | - Qing-Qing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, School of Pharmacy, and Engineering Research Center for the Development and Application of Ethnic Medicine and TCM (Ministry of Education), Guizhou Medical University Guiyang 550004 People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Zhong Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, School of Pharmacy, and Engineering Research Center for the Development and Application of Ethnic Medicine and TCM (Ministry of Education), Guizhou Medical University Guiyang 550004 People's Republic of China
| | - Zong-Qin Li
- Department of Neurology Sichuan Mianyang 404 Hospital Mianyang 621000 People's Republic of China
| | - Da-Peng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University Guiyang 550025 People's Republic of China
| | - Meng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, School of Pharmacy, and Engineering Research Center for the Development and Application of Ethnic Medicine and TCM (Ministry of Education), Guizhou Medical University Guiyang 550004 People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan-Yong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, School of Pharmacy, and Engineering Research Center for the Development and Application of Ethnic Medicine and TCM (Ministry of Education), Guizhou Medical University Guiyang 550004 People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, School of Pharmacy, and Engineering Research Center for the Development and Application of Ethnic Medicine and TCM (Ministry of Education), Guizhou Medical University Guiyang 550004 People's Republic of China
| | - Bin He
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, School of Pharmacy, and Engineering Research Center for the Development and Application of Ethnic Medicine and TCM (Ministry of Education), Guizhou Medical University Guiyang 550004 People's Republic of China
| | - Yong-Long Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, School of Pharmacy, and Engineering Research Center for the Development and Application of Ethnic Medicine and TCM (Ministry of Education), Guizhou Medical University Guiyang 550004 People's Republic of China
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13
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Zhang S, Qu X, Jiao J, Tang H, Wang M, Wang Y, Yang H, Yuan W, Yue B. Felodipine enhances aminoglycosides efficacy against implant infections caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, persisters and biofilms. Bioact Mater 2022; 14:272-289. [PMID: 35310349 PMCID: PMC8897655 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2021.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), biofilms, and persisters are three major factors leading to recurrent and recalcitrant implant infections. Although antibiotics are still the primary treatment for chronic implant infections in clinical, only few drugs are effective in clearing persisters and formed biofilms. Here, felodipine, a dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker, was reported for the first time to have antibacterial effects against MRSA, biofilm, and persisters. Even after continuous exposure to sub-lethal concentrations of felodipine, bacteria are less likely to develop resistance. Besides, low doses of felodipine enhances the antibacterial activity of gentamicin by inhibiting the expression of protein associated with aminoglycoside resistance (aacA-aphD). Next, biofilm eradication test and persisters killing assay suggested felodipine has an excellent bactericidal effect against formed biofilms and persisters. Furthermore, the result of protein profiling, and quantitative metabonomics analysis indicated felodipine reduce MRSA virulence (agrABC), biofilm formation and TCA cycle. Then, molecular docking showed felodipine inhibit the growth of persisters by binding to the H pocket of ClpP protease, which could lead to substantial protein degradation. Furthermore, murine infection models suggested felodipine in combination with gentamicin alleviate bacterial burden and inflammatory response. In conclusion, low dose of felodipine might be a promising agent for biomaterial delivery to enhance aminoglycosides efficacy against implant infections caused by MRSA, biofilm, and persisters. Felodipine inhibits MRSA gene expression associated with aminoglycoside resistance and biofilm formation. Felodipine eradicates formed biofilm and persisters on the surface of implants. Felodipine induces proteolysis of MRSA and decreases energy metabolism. Felodipine in combination with gentamicin alleviates murine periprosthetic joint infection.
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14
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Elbadawy HA, Abd‐El‐Nabey BA, Ali AE, Elsayed EH. The development of an unexpected Cu(I)‐pyrazolo pyrimidine‐based complex: Synthesis, spectroscopic characterizations, and biological activity. Appl Organomet Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.6843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hemmat A. Elbadawy
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science Alexandria University Alexandria Egypt
| | | | - Ali El‐Dissouky Ali
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science Alexandria University Alexandria Egypt
| | - Eman Hassan Elsayed
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science Alexandria University Alexandria Egypt
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15
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Krome AK, Becker T, Kehraus S, Schiefer A, Gütschow M, Chaverra-Muñoz L, Hüttel S, Jansen R, Stadler M, Ehrens A, Pogorevc D, Müller R, Hübner MP, Hesterkamp T, Pfarr K, Hoerauf A, Wagner KG, König GM. Corallopyronin A: antimicrobial discovery to preclinical development. Nat Prod Rep 2022; 39:1705-1720. [PMID: 35730490 DOI: 10.1039/d2np00012a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Covering: August 1984 up to January 2022Worldwide, increasing morbidity and mortality due to antibiotic-resistant microbial infections has been observed. Therefore, better prevention and control of infectious diseases, as well as appropriate use of approved antibacterial drugs are crucial. There is also an urgent need for the continuous development and supply of novel antibiotics. Thus, identifying new antibiotics and their further development is once again a priority of natural product research. The antibiotic corallopyronin A was discovered in the 1980s in the culture broth of the Myxobacterium Corallococcus coralloides and serves, in the context of this review, as a show case for the development of a naturally occurring antibiotic compound. The review demonstrates how a hard to obtain, barely water soluble and unstable compound such as corallopyronin A can be developed making use of sophisticated production and formulation approaches. Corallopyronin A is a bacterial DNA-dependent RNA polymerase inhibitor with a new target site and one of the few representatives of this class currently in preclinical development. Efficacy against Gram-positive and Gram-negative pathogens, e.g., Chlamydia trachomatis, Orientia tsutsugamushi, Staphylococcus aureus, and Wolbachia has been demonstrated. Due to its highly effective in vivo depletion of Wolbachia, which are essential endobacteria of most filarial nematode species, and its robust macrofilaricidal efficacy, corallopyronin A was selected as a preclinical candidate for the treatment of human filarial infections. This review highlights the discovery and production optimization approaches for corallopyronin A, as well as, recent preclinical efficacy results demonstrating a robust macrofilaricidal effect of the anti-Wolbachia candidate, and the solid formulation strategy which enhances the stability as well as the bioavailability of corallopyronin A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna K Krome
- Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bonn, Germany. .,German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Bonn-Cologne, Germany.,Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, University Hospital Bonn, Germany
| | - Tim Becker
- Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bonn, Germany. .,German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Bonn-Cologne, Germany
| | - Stefan Kehraus
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Bonn-Cologne, Germany.,Institute for Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Bonn, Germany.
| | - Andrea Schiefer
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Bonn-Cologne, Germany.,Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, University Hospital Bonn, Germany
| | - Michael Gütschow
- Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Chemistry, University of Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Stephan Hüttel
- Department of Microbial Drugs, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Rolf Jansen
- Department of Microbial Drugs, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Marc Stadler
- Department of Microbial Drugs, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hannover-Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Alexandra Ehrens
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Bonn-Cologne, Germany.,Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, University Hospital Bonn, Germany
| | - Domen Pogorevc
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hannover-Braunschweig, Germany.,Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland, Saarbrucken, Germany
| | - Rolf Müller
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hannover-Braunschweig, Germany.,Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland, Saarbrucken, Germany
| | - Marc P Hübner
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Bonn-Cologne, Germany.,Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, University Hospital Bonn, Germany
| | - Thomas Hesterkamp
- Translational Project Management Office (TPMO), German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Kenneth Pfarr
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Bonn-Cologne, Germany.,Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, University Hospital Bonn, Germany
| | - Achim Hoerauf
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Bonn-Cologne, Germany.,Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, University Hospital Bonn, Germany
| | - Karl G Wagner
- Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bonn, Germany. .,German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Bonn-Cologne, Germany
| | - Gabriele M König
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Bonn-Cologne, Germany.,Institute for Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Bonn, Germany.
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16
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León-Buitimea A, Garza-Cárdenas CR, Román-García MF, Ramírez-Díaz CA, Ulloa-Ramírez M, Morones-Ramírez JR. Nanomaterials-Based Combinatorial Therapy as a Strategy to Combat Antibiotic Resistance. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:794. [PMID: 35740200 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11060794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Since the discovery of antibiotics, humanity has been able to cope with the battle against bacterial infections. However, the inappropriate use of antibiotics, the lack of innovation in therapeutic agents, and other factors have allowed the emergence of new bacterial strains resistant to multiple antibiotic treatments, causing a crisis in the health sector. Furthermore, the World Health Organization has listed a series of pathogens (ESKAPE group) that have acquired new and varied resistance to different antibiotics families. Therefore, the scientific community has prioritized designing and developing novel treatments to combat these ESKAPE pathogens and other emergent multidrug-resistant bacteria. One of the solutions is the use of combinatorial therapies. Combinatorial therapies seek to enhance the effects of individual treatments at lower doses, bringing the advantage of being, in most cases, much less harmful to patients. Among the new developments in combinatorial therapies, nanomaterials have gained significant interest. Some of the most promising nanotherapeutics include polymers, inorganic nanoparticles, and antimicrobial peptides due to their bactericidal and nanocarrier properties. Therefore, this review focuses on discussing the state-of-the-art of the most significant advances and concludes with a perspective on the future developments of nanotherapeutic combinatorial treatments that target bacterial infections.
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17
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Lissens M, Joos M, Lories B, Steenackers HP. Evolution-proof inhibitors of public good cooperation: a screening strategy inspired by social evolution theory. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2022; 46:6604382. [PMID: 35675280 PMCID: PMC9616471 DOI: 10.1093/femsre/fuac019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Interference with public good cooperation provides a promising novel antimicrobial strategy since social evolution theory predicts that resistant mutants will be counter-selected if they share the public benefits of their resistance with sensitive cells in the population. Although this hypothesis is supported by a limited number of pioneering studies, an extensive body of more fundamental work on social evolution describes a multitude of mechanisms and conditions that can stabilize public behaviour, thus potentially allowing resistant mutants to thrive. In this paper we theorize on how these different mechanisms can influence the evolution of resistance against public good inhibitors. Based hereon, we propose an innovative 5-step screening strategy to identify novel evolution-proof public good inhibitors, which involves a systematic evaluation of the exploitability of public goods under the most relevant experimental conditions, as well as a careful assessment of the most optimal way to interfere with their action. Overall, this opinion paper is aimed to contribute to long-term solutions to fight bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maries Lissens
- Centre of Microbial and Plant Genetics (CMPG), Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems, KU Leuven, Leuven, B-3001, Belgium
| | - Mathieu Joos
- Centre of Microbial and Plant Genetics (CMPG), Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems, KU Leuven, Leuven, B-3001, Belgium
| | - Bram Lories
- Centre of Microbial and Plant Genetics (CMPG), Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems, KU Leuven, Leuven, B-3001, Belgium
| | - Hans P Steenackers
- Corresponding author: Centre of Microbial and Plant Genetics (CMPG), Kasteelpark Arenberg 20 – Box 2460, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium. E-mail:
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18
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Greve JM, Cowan JA. Tackling antimicrobial stewardship through synergy and antimicrobial peptides. RSC Med Chem 2022; 13:511-521. [PMID: 35694695 PMCID: PMC9132191 DOI: 10.1039/d2md00048b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The unrestricted use of antibiotics has led to rapid development of antibiotic resistance (AR) and renewed calls to address this serious problem. This review summarizes the most common mechanisms of antibiotic action, and in turn antibiotic resistance, as well as pathways to mitigate the harm. Focus is then turned to emerging antibiotic strategies, including antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), with a discussion of their modes of action, biochemical features, and potential challenges for their use as antibiotics. The role of synergy in antimicrobials is also examined, with a focus on the synergy of AMPs and other emerging interactions with synergistic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenna M Greve
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University 100 West 18th Avenue Columbus Ohio 43210 USA +1 614 292 2703
| | - James A Cowan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University 100 West 18th Avenue Columbus Ohio 43210 USA +1 614 292 2703
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19
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Abstract
The World Health Organization (WHO) has warned that our current arsenal of antibiotics is not innovative enough to face impending infectious diseases, especially those caused by multidrug-resistant Gram-negative pathogens. Although the current preclinical pipeline is well stocked with novel candidates, the last U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved antibiotic with a novel mechanism of action against Gram-negative bacteria was discovered nearly 60 years ago. Of all the antibiotic candidates that initiated investigational new drug (IND) applications in the 2000s, 17% earned FDA approval within 12 years, while an overwhelming 62% were discontinued in that time frame. These "leaks" in the clinical pipeline, where compounds with clinical potential are abandoned during clinical development, indicate that scientific innovations are not reaching the clinic and providing benefits to patients. This is true for not only novel candidates but also candidates from existing antibiotic classes with clinically validated targets. By identifying the sources of the leaks in the clinical pipeline, future developmental efforts can be directed toward strategies that are more likely to flow into clinical use. In this review, we conduct a detailed failure analysis of clinical candidates with Gram-negative activity that have fallen out of the clinical pipeline over the past decade. Although limited by incomplete data disclosure from companies engaging in antibiotic development, we attempt to distill the developmental challenges faced by each discontinued candidate. It is our hope that this insight can help de-risk antibiotic development and bring new, effective antibiotics to the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha K. Prasad
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, California, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Ian B. Seiple
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | | | - Oren S. Rosenberg
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, California, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
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20
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Castro Jara M, Silva ACA, Ritter M, da Silva AF, Gonçalves CL, dos Santos PR, Borja LS, de Pereira CMP, da Silva Nascente P. Dihydropyrimidinones Against Multiresistant Bacteria. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:743213. [PMID: 35369453 PMCID: PMC8973396 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.743213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The increase in bacterial resistance to antimicrobials has led to high morbidity and mortality rates, posing a major public health problem, requiring the discovery of novel antimicrobial substances. The biological samples were identified as the Gram-negative bacilli Acinetobacter baumannii, Escherichia coli, Enterobacter cloacae, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Morganella morgannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Serratia marcescens and the Gram-positive cocci Enterococcus faecium, and Staphylococcus aureus, all of them resistant to at least three classes of antimicrobials. The antibacterial activity of the compounds was checked in vitro by determining the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) by the broth microdilution method and plating in brain heart infusion (BHI) agar, respectively. The chemical characterization of the compounds was performed by measuring the melting point and gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC–MS) on a Shimadzu GC–MS-QP system 2010SE. Synthetic compounds showed antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive cocci at MIC concentrations 0.16–80 μg/ml and Gram-negative bacilli at MIC concentrations 23.2–80 μg/ml. Enterococcus faecium and S. aureus had the best MIC values. The results of the cytotoxicity test indicated that the synthetic compounds showed no significant difference in three concentrations tested (5, 20, and 80 μg/ml), allowing cell viability not different from that assigned to the control, without the tested compounds. In this context, the development of DHPM derivatives brings an alternative and perspective on effectiveness of drugs as potential future antimicrobial agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marisa Castro Jara
- Postgraduate Program in Biochemistry and Bioprospecting, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Institute of Biology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Marisa Castro Jara,
| | - Allison Carlos Assunção Silva
- Lipidomics and Bioorganics Laboratory, Center for Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Food Sciences, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Marina Ritter
- Lipidomics and Bioorganics Laboratory, Center for Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Food Sciences, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | | | - Carolina Lambrecht Gonçalves
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Institute of Biology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Pedro Rassier dos Santos
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Institute of Biology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Luciano Sisconetto Borja
- Lipidomics and Bioorganics Laboratory, Center for Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Food Sciences, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Cláudio Martin Pereira de Pereira
- Lipidomics and Bioorganics Laboratory, Center for Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Food Sciences, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Patrícia da Silva Nascente
- Postgraduate Program in Biochemistry and Bioprospecting, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Institute of Biology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
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Singh G, Wani NA, Rahim JU, Shankar S, Rai R, Katoch M. Synergistic antimicrobial and antibiofilm activities of piperic acid and 4-ethylpiperic acid amides in combination with ciprofloxacin. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 2022. [PMID: 35145264 DOI: 10.1038/s41429-022-00508-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
In the present work, piperic acid and 4-ethylpiperic acid (EPA) amides with amino acids (C1-C8) were bio-evaluated for their antimicrobial activity and biofilm inhibition against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial strains. Among all, EPA-β3,3-Pip(Bzl)-OMe, C2 displayed the potent antimicrobial activity with MIC of 6.25 μg ml-1 against Gram-negative bacteria Escherichia coli. In combination studies, the FIC indices suggested that C1 and C2 have a synergistic effect with ciprofloxacin against E. coli and Bacillus subtilis, whereas C5 exhibited a synergistic effect with ciprofloxacin against all the tested bacteria. The inhibitory effect of amides C1, C2, and C5 on the biofilm formation of test strains was significantly potentiated by co-administration with ciprofloxacin. Furthermore, the effective concentrations of C2 in combination reduced drastically compared to alone for biofilm inhibition. At these concentrations, C2 showed negligible hemolytic and cytotoxic activities.
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22
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Umstätter F, Werner J, Zerlin L, Mühlberg E, Kleist C, Klika KD, Hertlein T, Beijer B, Domhan C, Zimmermann S, Ohlsen K, Haberkorn U, Mier W, Uhl P. Impact of Linker Modification and PEGylation of Vancomycin Conjugates on Structure-Activity Relationships and Pharmacokinetics. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:159. [PMID: 35215272 PMCID: PMC8880691 DOI: 10.3390/ph15020159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
As multidrug-resistant bacteria represent a concerning burden, experts insist on the need for a dramatic rethinking on antibiotic use and development in order to avoid a post-antibiotic era. New and rapidly developable strategies for antimicrobial substances, in particular substances highly potent against multidrug-resistant bacteria, are urgently required. Some of the treatment options currently available for multidrug-resistant bacteria are considerably limited by side effects and unfavorable pharmacokinetics. The glycopeptide vancomycin is considered an antibiotic of last resort. Its use is challenged by bacterial strains exhibiting various types of resistance. Therefore, in this study, highly active polycationic peptide-vancomycin conjugates with varying linker characteristics or the addition of PEG moieties were synthesized to optimize pharmacokinetics while retaining or even increasing antimicrobial activity in comparison to vancomycin. The antimicrobial activity of the novel conjugates was determined by microdilution assays on susceptible and vancomycin-resistant bacterial strains. VAN1 and VAN2, the most promising linker-modified derivatives, were further characterized in vivo with molecular imaging and biodistribution studies in rodents, showing that the linker moiety influences both antimicrobial activity and pharmacokinetics. Encouragingly, VAN2 was able to undercut the resistance breakpoint in microdilution assays on vanB and vanC vancomycin-resistant enterococci. Out of all PEGylated derivatives, VAN:PEG1 and VAN:PEG3 were able to overcome vanC resistance. Biodistribution studies of the novel derivatives revealed significant changes in pharmacokinetics when compared with vancomycin. In conclusion, linker modification of vancomycin-polycationic peptide conjugates represents a promising strategy for the modulation of pharmacokinetic behavior while providing potent antimicrobial activity.
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23
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Li H, Wang Z, Li X. G-CSF as a potential early biomarker for diagnosis of bloodstream infection. J Clin Lab Anal 2021; 35:e23592. [PMID: 34725873 PMCID: PMC8649329 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.23592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cytokines play an important role in bacterial infection, and thus, we aim to find out cytokines that may be diagnostically significant in early stage of bacterial bloodstream infection. Methods Mice models infected with Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella pneumoniae were established. Then dynamic changes of nine serum cytokines were monitored within 48 hours after the infection. Cytokines with significant differences between the infected groups and control group were further analyzed. Clinical samples of patients who were suspected of bloodstream infection were collected. Then the diagnostic efficiency of screened cytokines was determined with receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. Results As for mice models infected by Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella pneumoniae, six cytokines including IL‐1β, IL‐6, IL‐12p70, G‐CSF, IFN‐γ, and TNF‐α were significantly different (P < .05) between two bacterial infected groups. As for clinical samples, three cytokines including IL‐6, IL‐12p70, and G‐CSF showed significant differences between infection group (Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella pneumonia group) and negative control group. With the area under curve of 0.7350 and 0.6431 for G‐CSF and IL‐6, respectively, these two cytokines were significantly different between Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella pneumoniae infection groups. Combination of G‐CSF and IL‐6 could improve the AUC to 0.8136. Conclusions G‐CSF cannot only identify bacterial bloodstream infection, but can also distinguish the infection of Staphylococcus aureus from Klebsiella pneumoniae. Further investigation should be performed concerning the diagnostic efficiency of G‐CSF in diagnosing different types of bacterial bloodstream infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Li
- Department of Infectious Disease, Jiaozhou People's Hospital, Jiaozhou, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Department of Infectious Disease, Jiaozhou People's Hospital, Jiaozhou, China
| | - Xuehua Li
- Department of Infectious Disease, Jiaozhou Renmin Hospital, Jiaozhou, China
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24
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Makumi A, Mhone AL, Odaba J, Guantai L, Svitek N. Phages for Africa: The Potential Benefit and Challenges of Phage Therapy for the Livestock Sector in Sub-Saharan Africa. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10091085. [PMID: 34572667 PMCID: PMC8470919 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10091085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the world’s fastest-growing human populations is in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), accounting for more than 950 million people, which is approximately 13% of the global population. Livestock farming is vital to SSA as a source of food supply, employment, and income. With this population increase, meeting this demand and the choice for a greater income and dietary options come at a cost and lead to the spread of zoonotic diseases to humans. To control these diseases, farmers have opted to rely heavily on antibiotics more often to prevent disease than for treatment. The constant use of antibiotics causes a selective pressure to build resistant bacteria resulting in the emergence and spread of multi-drug resistant (MDR) organisms in the environment. This necessitates the use of alternatives such as bacteriophages in curbing zoonotic pathogens. This review covers the underlying problems of antibiotic use and resistance associated with livestock farming in SSA, bacteriophages as a suitable alternative, what attributes contribute to making bacteriophages potentially valuable for SSA and recent research on bacteriophages in Africa. Furthermore, other topics discussed include the creation of phage biobanks and the challenges facing this kind of advancement, and the regulatory aspects of phage development in SSA with a focus on Kenya.
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25
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Miethke M, Pieroni M, Weber T, Brönstrup M, Hammann P, Halby L, Arimondo PB, Glaser P, Aigle B, Bode HB, Moreira R, Li Y, Luzhetskyy A, Medema MH, Pernodet JL, Stadler M, Tormo JR, Genilloud O, Truman AW, Weissman KJ, Takano E, Sabatini S, Stegmann E, Brötz-Oesterhelt H, Wohlleben W, Seemann M, Empting M, Hirsch AKH, Loretz B, Lehr CM, Titz A, Herrmann J, Jaeger T, Alt S, Hesterkamp T, Winterhalter M, Schiefer A, Pfarr K, Hoerauf A, Graz H, Graz M, Lindvall M, Ramurthy S, Karlén A, van Dongen M, Petkovic H, Keller A, Peyrane F, Donadio S, Fraisse L, Piddock LJV, Gilbert IH, Moser HE, Müller R. Towards the sustainable discovery and development of new antibiotics. Nat Rev Chem 2021; 5:726-749. [PMID: 37118182 PMCID: PMC8374425 DOI: 10.1038/s41570-021-00313-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 350] [Impact Index Per Article: 116.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
An ever-increasing demand for novel antimicrobials to treat life-threatening infections caused by the global spread of multidrug-resistant bacterial pathogens stands in stark contrast to the current level of investment in their development, particularly in the fields of natural-product-derived and synthetic small molecules. New agents displaying innovative chemistry and modes of action are desperately needed worldwide to tackle the public health menace posed by antimicrobial resistance. Here, our consortium presents a strategic blueprint to substantially improve our ability to discover and develop new antibiotics. We propose both short-term and long-term solutions to overcome the most urgent limitations in the various sectors of research and funding, aiming to bridge the gap between academic, industrial and political stakeholders, and to unite interdisciplinary expertise in order to efficiently fuel the translational pipeline for the benefit of future generations. ![]()
Antimicrobial resistance is an increasing threat to public health and encouraging the development of new antimicrobials is one of the most important ways to address the problem. This Roadmap article aims to bring together industrial, academic and political partners, and proposes both short-term and long-term solutions to this challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus Miethke
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS) - Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), and Department of Pharmacy, Saarland University Campus E8.1, Saarbrücken, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Marco Pieroni
- Food and Drug Department, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Tilmann Weber
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Mark Brönstrup
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Braunschweig, Germany.,Department of Chemical Biology (CBIO), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Peter Hammann
- Infectious Diseases & Natural Product Research at EVOTEC, and Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Ludovic Halby
- Epigenetic Chemical Biology, Department of Structural Biology and Chemistry, Institut Pasteur, UMR n°3523, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Paola B Arimondo
- Epigenetic Chemical Biology, Department of Structural Biology and Chemistry, Institut Pasteur, UMR n°3523, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Philippe Glaser
- Ecology and Evolution of Antibiotic Resistance Unit, Microbiology Department, Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR3525, Paris, France
| | | | - Helge B Bode
- Department of Biosciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany.,Max Planck Institute for Terrestrial Microbiology, Department of Natural Products in Organismic Interactions, Marburg, Germany
| | - Rui Moreira
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Yanyan Li
- Unit MCAM, CNRS, National Museum of Natural History (MNHN), Paris, France
| | - Andriy Luzhetskyy
- Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Marnix H Medema
- Bioinformatics Group, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Jean-Luc Pernodet
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC) & Microbiology Department, University of Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Marc Stadler
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Braunschweig, Germany.,Microbial Drugs (MWIS), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Braunschweig, Germany
| | | | | | - Andrew W Truman
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, John Innes Centre, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Kira J Weissman
- Molecular and Structural Enzymology Group, Université de Lorraine, CNRS, IMoPA, Nancy, France
| | - Eriko Takano
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Stefano Sabatini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Evi Stegmann
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Braunschweig, Germany.,Department of Microbial Bioactive Compounds, Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Heike Brötz-Oesterhelt
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Braunschweig, Germany.,Department of Microbial Bioactive Compounds, Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Wohlleben
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Braunschweig, Germany.,Department of Microbiology/Biotechnology, Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Myriam Seemann
- Institute for Chemistry UMR 7177, University of Strasbourg/CNRS, ITI InnoVec, Strasbourg, France
| | - Martin Empting
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS) - Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), and Department of Pharmacy, Saarland University Campus E8.1, Saarbrücken, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Anna K H Hirsch
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS) - Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), and Department of Pharmacy, Saarland University Campus E8.1, Saarbrücken, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Brigitta Loretz
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS) - Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), and Department of Pharmacy, Saarland University Campus E8.1, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Claus-Michael Lehr
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS) - Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), and Department of Pharmacy, Saarland University Campus E8.1, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Alexander Titz
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS) - Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), and Department of Pharmacy, Saarland University Campus E8.1, Saarbrücken, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Jennifer Herrmann
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS) - Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), and Department of Pharmacy, Saarland University Campus E8.1, Saarbrücken, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Timo Jaeger
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Silke Alt
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Braunschweig, Germany
| | | | | | - Andrea Schiefer
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Braunschweig, Germany.,Institute of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology (IMMIP), University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Kenneth Pfarr
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Braunschweig, Germany.,Institute of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology (IMMIP), University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Achim Hoerauf
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Braunschweig, Germany.,Institute of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology (IMMIP), University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Heather Graz
- Biophys Ltd., Usk, Monmouthshire, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Graz
- School of Law, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Anders Karlén
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - Hrvoje Petkovic
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Andreas Keller
- Chair for Clinical Bioinformatics, Saarland University, University Hospital, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | | | | | - Laurent Fraisse
- Drugs for Neglected Diseases initiative (DNDi), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Laura J V Piddock
- The Global Antibiotic Research and Development Partnership (GARDP), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Ian H Gilbert
- Division of Biological Chemistry and Drug Discovery, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Heinz E Moser
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research (NIBR), Emeryville, CA USA
| | - Rolf Müller
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS) - Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), and Department of Pharmacy, Saarland University Campus E8.1, Saarbrücken, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Braunschweig, Germany
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26
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Abstract
Foodborne illness caused by pathogenic Vibrios is generally associated with the consumption of raw or undercooked seafood. Fish and other seafood can be contaminated with Vibrio species, natural inhabitants of the marine, estuarine, and freshwater environment. Pathogenic Vibrios of major public health concerns are Vibrio cholerae, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, and Vibrio vulnificus. Common symptoms of foodborne Vibrio infection include watery diarrhea, stomach cramping, nausea, vomiting, fever, and chills. Administration of oral or intravenous rehydration salts solution is the mainstay for the management of cholera, and antibiotics are also used to shorten the duration of diarrhea and to limit further transmission of the disease. Currently, doxycycline, azithromycin, or ciprofloxacin are commonly used for V. cholerae, and doxycycline or quinolone are administered for V. parahaemolyticus, whereas doxycycline and a third-generation cephalosporin are recommended for V. vulnificus as initial treatment regimen. The emergence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in Vibrios is increasingly common across the globe and a decrease in the effectiveness of commonly available antibiotics poses a global threat to public health. Recent progress in comparative genomic studies suggests that the genomes of the drug-resistant Vibrios harbor mobile genetic elements like plasmids, integrating conjugative elements, superintegron, transposable elements, and insertion sequences, which are the major carriers of genetic determinants encoding antimicrobial resistance. These mobile genetic elements are highly dynamic and could potentially propagate to other bacteria through horizontal gene transfer (HGT). To combat the serious threat of rising AMR, it is crucial to develop strategies for robust surveillance, use of new/novel pharmaceuticals, and prevention of antibiotic misuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipanjan Dutta
- Department of Biochemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Anupam Kaushik
- Department of Microbiology, National Centre for Disease Control, New Delhi, India
| | - Dhirendra Kumar
- Department of Microbiology, National Centre for Disease Control, New Delhi, India
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27
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Pellegrini JM, Martin C, Morelli MP, Schander JA, Tateosian NL, Amiano NO, Rolandelli A, Palmero DJ, Levi A, Ciallella L, Colombo MI, García VE. PGE2 displays immunosuppressive effects during human active tuberculosis. Sci Rep 2021; 11:13559. [PMID: 34193890 PMCID: PMC8245456 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-92667-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), an active lipid compound derived from arachidonic acid, regulates different stages of the immune response of the host during several pathologies such as chronic infections or cancer. In fact, manipulation of PGE2 levels was proposed as an approach for countering the Type I IFN signature of tuberculosis (TB). However, very limited information regarding the PGE2 pathway in patients with active TB is currently available. In the present work, we demonstrated that PGE2 exerts a potent immunosuppressive action during the immune response of the human host against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection. Actually, we showed that PGE2 significantly reduced the surface expression of several immunological receptors, the lymphoproliferation and the production of proinflammatory cytokines. In addition, PGE2 promoted autophagy in monocytes and neutrophils cultured with Mtb antigens. These results suggest that PGE2 might be attenuating the excessive inflammatory immune response caused by Mtb, emerging as an attractive therapeutic target. Taken together, our findings contribute to the knowledge of the role of PGE2 in the human host resistance to Mtb and highlight the potential of this lipid mediator as a tool to improve anti-TB treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joaquín Miguel Pellegrini
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales , Universidad de Buenos Aires, Intendente Güiraldes 2160, Pabellón II, 4°piso, Ciudad Universitaria (C1428EGA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) , Intendente Güiraldes 2160, Pabellón II, 4°piso, Ciudad Universitaria (C1428EGA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Candela Martin
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales , Universidad de Buenos Aires, Intendente Güiraldes 2160, Pabellón II, 4°piso, Ciudad Universitaria (C1428EGA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) , Intendente Güiraldes 2160, Pabellón II, 4°piso, Ciudad Universitaria (C1428EGA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Paula Morelli
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales , Universidad de Buenos Aires, Intendente Güiraldes 2160, Pabellón II, 4°piso, Ciudad Universitaria (C1428EGA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) , Intendente Güiraldes 2160, Pabellón II, 4°piso, Ciudad Universitaria (C1428EGA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Julieta Aylen Schander
- Laboratorio de Fisiopatología de La Preñez y El Parto, Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos Y Botánicos , CONICET-UBA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Nancy Liliana Tateosian
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales , Universidad de Buenos Aires, Intendente Güiraldes 2160, Pabellón II, 4°piso, Ciudad Universitaria (C1428EGA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) , Intendente Güiraldes 2160, Pabellón II, 4°piso, Ciudad Universitaria (C1428EGA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Nicolás Oscar Amiano
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales , Universidad de Buenos Aires, Intendente Güiraldes 2160, Pabellón II, 4°piso, Ciudad Universitaria (C1428EGA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) , Intendente Güiraldes 2160, Pabellón II, 4°piso, Ciudad Universitaria (C1428EGA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Agustín Rolandelli
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales , Universidad de Buenos Aires, Intendente Güiraldes 2160, Pabellón II, 4°piso, Ciudad Universitaria (C1428EGA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) , Intendente Güiraldes 2160, Pabellón II, 4°piso, Ciudad Universitaria (C1428EGA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Domingo Juan Palmero
- División Tisioneumonología, Hospital F.J. Muñiz, Uspallata 2272, (C1282AEN), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alberto Levi
- División Tisioneumonología, Hospital F.J. Muñiz, Uspallata 2272, (C1282AEN), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Lorena Ciallella
- División Tisioneumonología, Hospital F.J. Muñiz, Uspallata 2272, (C1282AEN), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Isabel Colombo
- Instituto de Histología y Embriología de Mendoza, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo-CONICET, CP 5500, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Verónica Edith García
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales , Universidad de Buenos Aires, Intendente Güiraldes 2160, Pabellón II, 4°piso, Ciudad Universitaria (C1428EGA), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
- Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) , Intendente Güiraldes 2160, Pabellón II, 4°piso, Ciudad Universitaria (C1428EGA), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Abstract
To stop the antimicrobial resistance crisis, there is an urgent need for increased investment in antimicrobial research and development. Currently, many researchers are focussing on insects and their microbiota in the search for new antimicrobials. This review summarizes recent literature dedicated to the antimicrobial screening of insect symbionts and/or their metabolites to uncover their value in early drug discovery. We summarize the main steps in the methodology used to isolate and identify active insect symbionts and have noted substantial variation among these studies. There is a clear trend in isolating insect Streptomyces bacteria, but a broad range of other symbionts has been found to be active as well. The microbiota of many insect genera and orders remains untargeted so far, which leaves much room for future research. The antimicrobial screening of insect symbionts has led to the discovery of a diverse array of new active biomolecules, mainly peptides, and polyketides. Here, we discuss 15 of these symbiont-produced compounds and their antimicrobial profile. Cyphomycin, isolated from a Streptomyces symbiont of a Cyphomyrmex fungus-growing ant, seems to be the most promising insect symbiont-derived antimicrobial so far. Overall, insect microbiota appears to be a promising search area to discover new antimicrobial drug candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurence Van Moll
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical, Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences, Laboratory for Microbiology, Parasitology and Hygiene (LMPH), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems (M2S), KU Leuven, Geel, Belgium.,Leuven Food Science and Nutrition Research Centre (LFoRCe), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jeroen De Smet
- Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems (M2S), KU Leuven, Geel, Belgium.,Leuven Food Science and Nutrition Research Centre (LFoRCe), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Paul Cos
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical, Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences, Laboratory for Microbiology, Parasitology and Hygiene (LMPH), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Leen Van Campenhout
- Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems (M2S), KU Leuven, Geel, Belgium.,Leuven Food Science and Nutrition Research Centre (LFoRCe), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Alomari A, Gowland R, Southwood C, Barrow J, Bentley Z, Calvin-Nelson J, Kaminski A, LeFevre M, Callaghan AJ, Vincent HA, Gowers DM. Identification of Novel Inhibitors of Escherichia coli DNA Ligase (LigA). Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26092508. [PMID: 33923034 PMCID: PMC8123306 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26092508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Present in all organisms, DNA ligases catalyse the formation of a phosphodiester bond between a 3' hydroxyl and a 5' phosphate, a reaction that is essential for maintaining genome integrity during replication and repair. Eubacterial DNA ligases use NAD+ as a cofactor and possess low sequence and structural homology relative to eukaryotic DNA ligases which use ATP as a cofactor. These key differences enable specific targeting of bacterial DNA ligases as an antibacterial strategy. In this study, four small molecule accessible sites within functionally important regions of Escherichia coli ligase (EC-LigA) were identified using in silico methods. Molecular docking was then used to screen for small molecules predicted to bind to these sites. Eight candidate inhibitors were then screened for inhibitory activity in an in vitro ligase assay. Five of these (geneticin, chlorhexidine, glutathione (reduced), imidazolidinyl urea and 2-(aminomethyl)imidazole) showed dose-dependent inhibition of EC-LigA with half maximal inhibitory concentrations (IC50) in the micromolar to millimolar range (11-2600 µM). Two (geneticin and chlorhexidine) were predicted to bind to a region of EC-LigA that has not been directly investigated previously, raising the possibility that there may be amino acids within this region that are important for EC-LigA activity or that the function of essential residues proximal to this region are impacted by inhibitor interactions with this region. We anticipate that the identified small molecule binding sites and inhibitors could be pursued as part of an antibacterial strategy targeting bacterial DNA ligases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arqam Alomari
- School of Biological Sciences and Institute of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth PO1 2DY, UK or (A.A.); (R.G.); (C.S.); (J.B.); (Z.B.); (J.C.-N.); (A.K.); (M.L.); (A.J.C.); (H.A.V.)
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Mosul, Mosul 41002, Iraq
| | - Robert Gowland
- School of Biological Sciences and Institute of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth PO1 2DY, UK or (A.A.); (R.G.); (C.S.); (J.B.); (Z.B.); (J.C.-N.); (A.K.); (M.L.); (A.J.C.); (H.A.V.)
| | - Callum Southwood
- School of Biological Sciences and Institute of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth PO1 2DY, UK or (A.A.); (R.G.); (C.S.); (J.B.); (Z.B.); (J.C.-N.); (A.K.); (M.L.); (A.J.C.); (H.A.V.)
| | - Jak Barrow
- School of Biological Sciences and Institute of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth PO1 2DY, UK or (A.A.); (R.G.); (C.S.); (J.B.); (Z.B.); (J.C.-N.); (A.K.); (M.L.); (A.J.C.); (H.A.V.)
| | - Zoe Bentley
- School of Biological Sciences and Institute of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth PO1 2DY, UK or (A.A.); (R.G.); (C.S.); (J.B.); (Z.B.); (J.C.-N.); (A.K.); (M.L.); (A.J.C.); (H.A.V.)
| | - Jashel Calvin-Nelson
- School of Biological Sciences and Institute of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth PO1 2DY, UK or (A.A.); (R.G.); (C.S.); (J.B.); (Z.B.); (J.C.-N.); (A.K.); (M.L.); (A.J.C.); (H.A.V.)
| | - Alice Kaminski
- School of Biological Sciences and Institute of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth PO1 2DY, UK or (A.A.); (R.G.); (C.S.); (J.B.); (Z.B.); (J.C.-N.); (A.K.); (M.L.); (A.J.C.); (H.A.V.)
| | - Matthew LeFevre
- School of Biological Sciences and Institute of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth PO1 2DY, UK or (A.A.); (R.G.); (C.S.); (J.B.); (Z.B.); (J.C.-N.); (A.K.); (M.L.); (A.J.C.); (H.A.V.)
| | - Anastasia J. Callaghan
- School of Biological Sciences and Institute of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth PO1 2DY, UK or (A.A.); (R.G.); (C.S.); (J.B.); (Z.B.); (J.C.-N.); (A.K.); (M.L.); (A.J.C.); (H.A.V.)
| | - Helen A. Vincent
- School of Biological Sciences and Institute of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth PO1 2DY, UK or (A.A.); (R.G.); (C.S.); (J.B.); (Z.B.); (J.C.-N.); (A.K.); (M.L.); (A.J.C.); (H.A.V.)
| | - Darren M. Gowers
- School of Biological Sciences and Institute of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth PO1 2DY, UK or (A.A.); (R.G.); (C.S.); (J.B.); (Z.B.); (J.C.-N.); (A.K.); (M.L.); (A.J.C.); (H.A.V.)
- Correspondence:
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Singhvi N, Singh P, Prakash O, Gupta V, Lal S, Bechthold A, Singh Y, Singh RK, Lal R. Differential mass spectrometry-based proteome analyses unveil major regulatory hubs in rifamycin B production in Amycolatopsis mediterranei. J Proteomics 2021; 239:104168. [PMID: 33662614 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2021.104168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Rifamycin B is produced by Amycolatopsis mediterranei S699 as a secondary metabolite. Its semi-synthetic derivatives have been used for curing tuberculosis caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. But the emergence of rifampicin-resistant strains required analogs of rifamycin B to be developed by rifamycin biosynthetic gene cluster manipulation. In 2014 genetic engineering of the rifamycin polyketide synthase gene cluster in S699 led to a mutant, A. mediterranei DCO#34, that produced 24-desmethylrifamycin B. Unfortunately, the productivity was strongly reduced to 20 mgL-1 as compared to 50 mgL-1 of rifamycin B. To understand the mechanisms leading to reduced productivity and rifamycin biosynthesis by A. mediterranei S699 during the early and late growth phase we performed a proteome study for wild type strain S699, mutant DCO#34, and the non-producer strain SCO2-2. Proteins identification and relative label-free quantification were performed by nLC-MS/MS. Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD016416. Also, in-silico protein-protein interaction approach was used to determine the relationship between different structural and regulatory proteins involved in rifamycin biosynthesis. Our studies revealed RifA, RifK, RifL, Rif-Orf19 as the major regulatory hubs. Relative abundance expression values revealed that genes encoding RifC-RifI and the transporter RifP, down-regulated in DCO#34 and genes encoding RifR, RifZ, other regulatory proteins up-regulated. SIGNIFICANCE: The study is designed mainly to understand the underlying mechanisms of rifamycin biosynthesis in Amycolatopsis mediterranei. This resulted in the identification of regulatory hubs which play a crucial role in regulating secondary metabolism. It elucidates the complex mechanism of secondary metabolite biosynthesis and their conversion and extracellular transportation in temporal correlation with the different growth phases. The study also elucidated the mechanisms leading to reduced production of analog, 24-desmethylrifamycin B by the genetically modified strain DCO#34, derivatives of which have been found effective against rifampicin-resistant strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. These results can be useful while carrying out genetic manipulations to improve the strains of Amycolatopsis to produce better analogs/drugs and promote the eradication of TB. Thus, this study is contributing significantly to the growing knowledge in the field of the crucial drug, rifamycin B biosynthesis by an economically important bacterium Amycolatopsis mediterranei.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nirjara Singhvi
- Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Priya Singh
- Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Om Prakash
- National Centre for Microbial Resource-National Centre for Cell Sciences, Pune, Maharashtra 411007, India
| | - Vipin Gupta
- Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Sukanya Lal
- Department of Zoology, Ramjas College, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Andreas Bechthold
- Pharmaceutical Biology and Biotechnology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Albert-Ludwigs University, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Yogendra Singh
- Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Rakesh Kumar Singh
- Translational Science Laboratory, Florida State University, FL 32306, USA
| | - Rup Lal
- Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India.
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Yadav S, Kapley A. Antibiotic resistance: Global health crisis and metagenomics. Biotechnol Rep (Amst) 2021; 29:e00604. [PMID: 33732632 PMCID: PMC7937537 DOI: 10.1016/j.btre.2021.e00604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance is a global problem which affects human health. The imprudent use of antibiotics (medicine, agriculture, aquaculture, and food industry) has resulted in the broader dissemination of resistance. Urban wastewater & sewage treatment plants act as the hotspot for the widespread of antimicrobial resistance. Natural environment also plays an important role in the dissemination of resistance. Mapping of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGS) in environment is essential for mitigating antimicrobial resistance (AMR) widespread. Therefore, the review article emphasizes on the application of metagenomics for the surveillance of antimicrobial resistance. Metagenomics is the next generation tool which is being used for cataloging the resistome of diverse environments. We summarize the different metagenomic tools that can be used for mining of ARGs and acquired AMR present in the metagenomic data. Also, we recommend application of targeted sequencing/ capture platform for mapping of resistome with higher specificity and selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shailendra Yadav
- Director’s Research Cell, National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (CSIR-NEERI), Nehru Marg, Nagpur, 440020, India
| | - Atya Kapley
- Director’s Research Cell, National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (CSIR-NEERI), Nehru Marg, Nagpur, 440020, India
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Lau HJ, Lim CH, Foo SC, Tan HS. The role of artificial intelligence in the battle against antimicrobial-resistant bacteria. Curr Genet 2021; 67:421-9. [PMID: 33585980 DOI: 10.1007/s00294-021-01156-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in bacteria is a global health crisis due to the rapid emergence of multidrug-resistant bacteria and the lengthy development of new antimicrobials. In light of this, artificial intelligence in the form of machine learning has been viewed as a potential counter to delay the spread of AMR. With the aid of AI, there are possibilities to predict and identify AMR in bacteria efficiently. Furthermore, a combination of machine learning algorithms and lab testing can help to accelerate the process of discovering new antimicrobials. To date, many machine learning algorithms for antimicrobial-resistance discovery had been created and vigorously validated. Most of these algorithms produced accurate results and outperformed the traditional methods which relied on sequence comparison within a database. This mini-review will provide an updated overview of antimicrobial design workflow using the latest machine-learning antimicrobial discovery algorithms in the last 5 years. With this review, we hope to improve upon the current AMR identification and antimicrobial development techniques by introducing the use of AI into the mix, including how the algorithms could be made more effective.
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Gajdács M, Urbán E, Stájer A, Baráth Z. Antimicrobial Resistance in the Context of the Sustainable Development Goals: A Brief Review. Eur J Investig Health Psychol Educ 2021; 11:71-82. [PMID: 34542450 DOI: 10.3390/ejihpe11010006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The reduction in infectious disease morbidity and mortality may be attributed to a variety of factors; however, improved sanitation and public health, and the introduction of vaccines and antibiotics are among the most significant. The development of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in bacterial pathogens is an expected consequence of evolutionary adaptation to these noxious agents and the widespread use of these drugs has significantly sped up this process. Infections caused by multidrug resistant pathogens are directly associated with worse clinical outcomes, longer hospital stays, excess mortality in the affected patients and an increasing burden and costs on the healthcare infrastructure. The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) were published in 2015 by the United Nations to serve as a global blueprint for a better, more equitable, more sustainable life on our planet. The SDGs contextualize AMR as a global public health and societal issue; in addition, the continuing emergence of AMR may limit the attainment on many SDGs. The aim of this mini-review is to provide insight on the interface between attainment of SDGs and the clinical problem of drug resistance in bacteria.
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Brodzicki A, Jaworek-Korjakowska J, Kleczek P, Garland M, Bogyo M. Pre-Trained Deep Convolutional Neural Network for Clostridioides Difficile Bacteria Cytotoxicity Classification Based on Fluorescence Images. Sensors (Basel) 2020; 20:s20236713. [PMID: 33255305 PMCID: PMC7727696 DOI: 10.3390/s20236713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) is an enteric bacterial disease that is increasing in incidence worldwide. Symptoms of CDI range from mild diarrhea to severe life-threatening inflammation of the colon. While antibiotics are standard-of-care treatments for CDI, they are also the biggest risk factor for development of CDI and recurrence. Therefore, novel therapies that successfully treat CDI and protect against recurrence are an unmet clinical need. Screening for novel drug leads is often tested by manual image analysis. The process is slow, tedious and is subject to human error and bias. So far, little work has focused on computer-aided screening for drug leads based on fluorescence images. Here, we propose a novel method to identify characteristic morphological changes in human fibroblast cells exposed to C. difficile toxins based on computer vision algorithms supported by deep learning methods. Classical image processing algorithms for the pre-processing stage are used together with an adjusted pre-trained deep convolutional neural network responsible for cell classification. In this study, we take advantage of transfer learning methodology by examining pre-trained VGG-19, ResNet50, Xception, and DenseNet121 convolutional neural network (CNN) models with adjusted, densely connected classifiers. We compare the obtained results with those of other machine learning algorithms and also visualize and interpret them. The proposed models have been evaluated on a dataset containing 369 images with 6112 cases. DenseNet121 achieved the highest results with a 93.5% accuracy, 92% sensitivity, and 95% specificity, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrzej Brodzicki
- Department of Automatic Control and Robotics, AGH University of Science and Technology, 30-059 Kraków, Poland;
- Correspondence: (A.B.); (J.J.-K.); Tel.: +48-723-635-007 (A.B.)
| | - Joanna Jaworek-Korjakowska
- Department of Automatic Control and Robotics, AGH University of Science and Technology, 30-059 Kraków, Poland;
- Correspondence: (A.B.); (J.J.-K.); Tel.: +48-723-635-007 (A.B.)
| | - Pawel Kleczek
- Department of Automatic Control and Robotics, AGH University of Science and Technology, 30-059 Kraków, Poland;
| | - Megan Garland
- Cancer Biology Program, Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; (M.G.); (M.B.)
| | - Matthew Bogyo
- Cancer Biology Program, Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; (M.G.); (M.B.)
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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Saraswat J, Aldahmash B, AlOmar SY, Imtiyaz K, Rizvi MMA, Patel R. Synergistic antimicrobial activity of N-methyl substituted pyrrolidinium-based ionic liquids and melittin against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 104:10465-79. [PMID: 33175246 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-020-10989-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
In pharmaceutical industry, the prodrug approaches and drug-drug conjugates are being now vastly used to optimize the efficacy of the drugs for multipurpose. The combination or conjugation of antimicrobials agents with natural antimicrobials may lead to better synergistic antimicrobial activity. Currently, many publications show the potential of ionic liquids (ILs) as novel antimicrobials and even as active pharmaceutical ingredients. The current study showed the synthesis of novel pyrrolidinium-based ILs (Cx, x = 4, 6, 8, 10, 12) and their antibacterial activity alone and in combination with antimicrobial peptide, melittin (MEL), against clinically relevant microorganism, E. coli and S. aureus. The cytotoxicity of synthesized ILs was administered on HEK 293 cell line using MTT assay. The obtained results showed the dependency of antibacterial activity of ILs on alkyl chain length (C4 < C6 < C8 < C10 < C12). The remarkable improvement in the antibacterial efficiency of MEL was seen with ILs; however, antibacterial effect is more pronounced with IL having large alkyl chain length (C8, C10, and C12) at their minimal concentration with MEL to disrupt the cell membrane. In addition, the binding study and haemocompatibility results showed favourable biocompatibility and stability which could potentially improve its utility for the biomedical field. KEY POINTS: • The combination of melittin and pyrrolidinium-based ILs showed improved antibacterial activity against E. coli and S. aureus which may be used for developing new antibacterial agents. • Moreover, the cytotoxicity and haemocompatibility results showed excellent biocompatibility of the combinations on human cell line and human serum albumin, respectively, which could potentially improve its utility for the biomedical field.
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Song D, Bi F, Zhang N, Qin Y, Liu X, Teng Y, Ma S. Design, synthesis of novel 4,5-dihydroisoxazole-containing benzamide derivatives as highly potent FtsZ inhibitors capable of killing a variety of MDR Staphylococcus aureus. Bioorg Med Chem 2020; 28:115729. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2020.115729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Hervin V, Arora R, Rani J, Ramchandran S, Bajpai U, Agrofoglio LA, Roy V. Design and Synthesis of Various 5'-Deoxy-5'-(4-Substituted-1,2,3-Triazol-1-yl)-Uridine Analogues as Inhibitors of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Mur Ligases. Molecules 2020; 25:E4953. [PMID: 33114668 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25214953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 10/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The synthesis of hitherto unknown 5′-deoxy-5′-(4-substituted-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)-uridine and its evaluation, through an one-pot screening assay, against MurA-F enzymes involved in Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), are described. Starting from UDP-N-acetylmuramic acid (UDP-MurNAc), the natural substrate involved in the peptidoglycan biosynthesis, our strategy was to substitute the diphosphate group of UDP-MurNAc by a 1,2,3-triazolo spacer under copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition conditions. The structure-activity relationship was discussed and among the 23 novel compounds developed, N-acetylglucosamine analogues 11c and 11e emerged as the best inhibitors against the Mtb MurA-F enzymes reconstruction pathway with an inhibitory effect of 56% and 50%, respectively, at 100 μM. Both compounds are selective inhibitors of Mtb MurE, the molecular docking and molecular dynamic simulation suggesting that 11c and 11e are occupying the active site of Mtb MurE ligase.
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Garzón V, Bustos RH, G. Pinacho D. Personalized Medicine for Antibiotics: The Role of Nanobiosensors in Therapeutic Drug Monitoring. J Pers Med 2020; 10:E147. [PMID: 32993004 PMCID: PMC7712907 DOI: 10.3390/jpm10040147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 09/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to the high bacterial resistance to antibiotics (AB), it has become necessary to adjust the dose aimed at personalized medicine by means of therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM). TDM is a fundamental tool for measuring the concentration of drugs that have a limited or highly toxic dose in different body fluids, such as blood, plasma, serum, and urine, among others. Using different techniques that allow for the pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic (PD) analysis of the drug, TDM can reduce the risks inherent in treatment. Among these techniques, nanotechnology focused on biosensors, which are relevant due to their versatility, sensitivity, specificity, and low cost. They provide results in real time, using an element for biological recognition coupled to a signal transducer. This review describes recent advances in the quantification of AB using biosensors with a focus on TDM as a fundamental aspect of personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivian Garzón
- PhD Biosciences Program, Universidad de La Sabana, Chía 140013, Colombia;
| | - Rosa-Helena Bustos
- Therapeutical Evidence Group, Clinical Pharmacology, Universidad de La Sabana, Chía 140013, Colombia;
| | - Daniel G. Pinacho
- Therapeutical Evidence Group, Clinical Pharmacology, Universidad de La Sabana, Chía 140013, Colombia;
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Dubey KK, Indu, Sharma M. Reprogramming of antibiotics to combat antimicrobial resistance. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2020; 353:e2000168. [DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202000168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 07/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kashyap K. Dubey
- Bioprocess Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology Central University of Haryana Mahendergarh Haryana India
- School of Biotechnology Jawaharlal Nehru University New Delhi India
| | - Indu
- Bioprocess Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology Central University of Haryana Mahendergarh Haryana India
| | - Manisha Sharma
- Bioprocess Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology Central University of Haryana Mahendergarh Haryana India
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Gunasekaran P, Kim EY, Lee J, Ryu EK, Shin SY, Bang JK. Synthesis of Fmoc-Triazine Amino Acids and Its Application in the Synthesis of Short Antibacterial Peptidomimetics. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21103602. [PMID: 32443730 PMCID: PMC7279249 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21103602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
To combat the escalating rise of antibacterial resistance, the development of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) with a unique mode of action is considered an attractive strategy. However, proteolytic degradation of AMPs remains the greatest challenge in their transformation into therapeutics. Herein, we synthesized Fmoc-triazine amino acids that differ from each other by anchoring either cationic or hydrophobic residues. These unnatural amino acids were adopted for solid-phase peptide synthesis (SPPS) to synthesize a series of amphipathic antimicrobial peptidomimetics. From the antimicrobial screening, we found that the trimer, BJK-4 is the most potent short antimicrobial peptidomimetic without showing hemolytic activity and it displayed enhanced proteolytic stability. Moreover, the mechanism of action to kill bacteria was found to be an intracellular targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pethaiah Gunasekaran
- Division of Magnetic Resonance, Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI), Ochang 28119, Korea; (P.G.); (J.L.); (E.K.R.)
| | - Eun Young Kim
- Department of Medical Science, Graduate School, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Korea; (E.Y.K.); (S.Y.S.)
| | - Jian Lee
- Division of Magnetic Resonance, Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI), Ochang 28119, Korea; (P.G.); (J.L.); (E.K.R.)
| | - Eun Kyoung Ryu
- Division of Magnetic Resonance, Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI), Ochang 28119, Korea; (P.G.); (J.L.); (E.K.R.)
- Department of Bio-analytical Science, University of Science & Technology, Daejeon 34113, Korea
| | - Song Yub Shin
- Department of Medical Science, Graduate School, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Korea; (E.Y.K.); (S.Y.S.)
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Korea
| | - Jeong Kyu Bang
- Division of Magnetic Resonance, Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI), Ochang 28119, Korea; (P.G.); (J.L.); (E.K.R.)
- Department of Bio-analytical Science, University of Science & Technology, Daejeon 34113, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-43-240-5023
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Hlashwayo DF, Barbosa F, Langa S, Sigaúque B, Bila CG. A Systematic Review of In Vitro Activity of Medicinal Plants from Sub-Saharan Africa against Campylobacter spp. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2020; 2020:9485364. [PMID: 32508957 DOI: 10.1155/2020/9485364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 03/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Campylobacter spp. are zoonotic bacteria that cause gastroenteritis in humans and may cause extraintestinal infections such as Guillain-Barré syndrome, reactive arthritis, and bacteremia. Resistance to antibiotics is an increasing concern in the Sub-Saharan Africa; thus, search for alternatives such as plant-based active ingredients is important in order to develop new drugs. Objectives To present a systematic review of in vitro and in vivo studies of the antibacterial activity of medicinal plants from Sub-Saharan Africa against Campylobacter spp. Methodology. Studies published until March 2020 on medicinal plants used against Campylobacter spp. from each country of Sub-Saharan Africa were searched on PubMed, Science Direct, AJOL, and Google Scholar. Articles were selected based on the existence of information regarding in vitro and in vivo activity of medicinal plants against Campylobacter spp. Results A total of 47 medicinal plants belonging to 28 families were studied for in vitro activity against Campylobacter spp. No plant was studied in vivo. Plants from Fabaceae family were the most commonly studied. The plants with the strongest antimicrobial activities were Cryptolepis sanguinolenta and Terminalia macroptera. The root extracts from these plants were effective, and both had a minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 25 μg/ml. Seven pure compounds were isolated and analyzed for activity against Campylobacter spp. The compound cryptolepine from C. sanguinolenta was the most effective with MIC values ranging between 6.25 and 25 μg/ml. Conclusion Several native plants from the Sub-Saharan Africa region were studied for in vitro activity against Campylobacter spp. Some plants seemed very effective against the bacteria. Chemical compounds from three plants have been isolated and analyzed, but further studies are needed in order to produce new and effective drugs.
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Saraswat J, Wani FA, Dar KI, Rizvi MMA, Patel R. Noncovalent Conjugates of Ionic Liquid with Antibacterial Peptide Melittin: An Efficient Combination against Bacterial Cells. ACS Omega 2020; 5:6376-6388. [PMID: 32258872 PMCID: PMC7114158 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b03777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Growing antibiotic resistance has become a major health problem and has encouraged many researchers to find an alternative class of antibiotics. Combination therapy (covalent/noncovalent) is supposed to increase antibacterial activity leading to a decrease in administration dosage, thus lowering the risk of adverse side effects. The covalent coupling sometimes leads to instability and loss in the structure of AMPs. Therefore, herein, we have reported innovative research involving the noncovalent coupling of melittin (MEL), an antimicrobial peptide with a series of synthesized less toxic pyrrolidinium-based ionic liquids (ILs) for which MTT assay was performed. The antibacterial results of conjugates showed remarkable improvement in the MIC value as compared to MEL and ILs alone against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus . In addition, hemocompatibility results suggested good selectivity of the noncovalent conjugate as a potential antibiotic agent. Further, the docking study was employed to acquire the most favorable conformation of MEL in the presence of ILs. The best possible complex was further studied using various spectroscopic techniques, which showed appreciable binding and stability of the complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juhi Saraswat
- Biophysical
Chemistry Laboratory, Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic
Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Farooq Ahmed Wani
- Biophysical
Chemistry Laboratory, Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic
Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India
| | | | | | - Rajan Patel
- Biophysical
Chemistry Laboratory, Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic
Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India
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Wistrand-Yuen P, Malmberg C, Fatsis-Kavalopoulos N, Lübke M, Tängdén T, Kreuger J. A Multiplex Fluidic Chip for Rapid Phenotypic Antibiotic Susceptibility Testing. mBio 2020; 11:e03109-19. [PMID: 32098819 DOI: 10.1128/mBio.03109-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Prompt and effective antimicrobial therapy is crucial for the management of patients with severe bacterial infections but is becoming increasingly difficult to provide due to emerging antibiotic resistance. The traditional methods for antibiotic susceptibility testing (AST) used in most clinical laboratories are reliable but slow with turnaround times of 2 to 3 days, which necessitates the use of empirical therapy with broad-spectrum antibiotics. There is a great need for fast and reliable AST methods that enable starting targeted treatment within a few hours to improve patient outcome and reduce the overuse of broad-spectrum antibiotics. The multiplex fluidic chip for phenotypic AST described in the present study may enable data on antimicrobial resistance within 2 to 4 h, allowing for an early initiation of appropriate antibiotic therapy. Many patients with severe infections receive inappropriate empirical treatment, and rapid detection of bacterial antibiotic susceptibility can improve clinical outcome and reduce mortality. To this end, we have developed a multiplex fluidic chip for rapid phenotypic antibiotic susceptibility testing of bacteria. A total of 21 clinical isolates of Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Staphylococcus aureus were acquired from the EUCAST Development Laboratory and tested against amikacin, ceftazidime, and meropenem (Gram-negative bacteria) or gentamicin, ofloxacin, and tetracycline (Gram-positive bacteria). The bacterial samples were mixed with agarose and loaded in an array of growth chambers in the chip where bacterial microcolony growth was monitored over time using automated image analysis. MIC values were automatically obtained by tracking the growth rates of individual microcolonies in different regions of antibiotic gradients. Stable MIC values were obtained within 2 to 4 h, and the results showed categorical agreement with reference MIC values as determined by broth microdilution in 86% of the cases.
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Gajdács M, Bátori Z, Ábrók M, Lázár A, Burián K. Characterization of Resistance in Gram-Negative Urinary Isolates Using Existing and Novel Indicators of Clinical Relevance: A 10-Year Data Analysis. Life (Basel) 2020; 10:E16. [PMID: 32054054 DOI: 10.3390/life10020016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Classical resistance classifications (multidrug resistance [MDR], extensive drug resistance [XDR], pan-drug resistance [PDR]) are very useful for epidemiological purposes, however, they may not correlate well with clinical outcomes, therefore, several novel classification criteria (e.g., usual drug resistance [UDR], difficult-to-treat resistance [DTR]) were introduced for Gram-negative bacteria in recent years. Microbiological and resistance data was collected for urinary tract infections (UTIs) retrospectively, corresponding to the 2008.01.01–2017.12.31. period. Isolates were classified into various resistance categories (wild type/susceptible, UDR, MDR, XDR, DTR and PDR), in addition, two new indicators (modified DTR; mDTR and mcDTR) and a predictive composite score (pMAR) were introduced. Results: n = 16,240 (76.8%) outpatient and n = 13,386 (69.3%) inpatient UTI isolates were relevant to our analysis. Citrobacter-Enterobacter-Serratia had the highest level of UDR isolates (88.9%), the Proteus-Providencia-Morganella group had the highest mDTR levels. MDR levels were highest in Acinetobacter spp. (9.7%) and Proteus-Providencia-Morganella (9.1%). XDR- and DTR-levels were higher in non-fermenters (XDR: 1.7%–4.7%. DTR: 7.3%–7.9%) than in Enterobacterales isolates (XDR: 0%–0.1%. DTR: 0.02%–1.5%). Conclusions: The introduction of DTR (and its’ modifications detailed in this study) to the bedside and in clinical practice will definitely lead to substantial benefits in the assessment of the significance of bacterial resistance in human therapeutics.
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Gajdács M, Spengler G. The Role of Drug Repurposing in the Development of Novel Antimicrobial Drugs: Non-Antibiotic Pharmacological Agents as Quorum Sensing-Inhibitors. Antibiotics (Basel) 2019; 8:E270. [PMID: 31861228 PMCID: PMC6963710 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics8040270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2019] [Revised: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The emergence of multidrug-resistant organisms (MDROs) is a global public health issue, severely hindering clinicians in administering appropriate antimicrobial therapy. Drug repurposing is a drug development strategy, during which new pharmacological applications are identified for already approved drugs. From the viewpoint of the development of virulence inhibitors, inhibition of quorum sensing (QS) is a promising route because various important features in bacterial physiology and virulence are mediated by QS-dependent gene expression. Methods: Forty-five pharmacological agents, encompassing a wide variety of different chemical structures and mechanisms of action, were tested during our experiments. The antibacterial activity of the compounds was tested using the broth microdilution method. Screening and semi-quantitative assessment of QS-inhibition by the compounds was performed using QS-signal molecule-producing and indicator strains. Results: Fourteen pharmaceutical agents showed antibacterial activity in the tested concentration range, while eight drugs (namely 5-fluorouracil, metamizole-sodium, cisplatin, methotrexate, bleomycin, promethazine, chlorpromazine, and thioridazine) showed dose-dependent QS-inhibitory activity in the in vitro model systems applied during the experiments. Conclusions: Virulence inhibitors represent an attractive alternative strategy to combat bacterial pathogens more efficiently. Some of the tested compounds could be considered potential QS-inhibitory agents, warranting further experiments involving additional model systems to establish the extent of their efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Márió Gajdács
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunobiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 10, 6720 Szeged, Hungary
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Biopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Szeged, Eötvös utca 6, 6720 Szeged, Hungary;
| | - Gabriella Spengler
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Biopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Szeged, Eötvös utca 6, 6720 Szeged, Hungary;
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Kreidl P, Kirchner T, Fille M, Heller I, Lass-Flörl C, Orth-Höller D. Antibiotic resistance of blood cultures in regional and tertiary hospital settings of Tyrol, Austria (2006-2015): Impacts & trends. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0223467. [PMID: 31600293 PMCID: PMC6786751 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0223467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Blood stream infections rank among the top seven causes of death of the general population. The aim of our study was to better understand the epidemiology of BSI in order to improve diagnostics and patient outcome. We used retrospective aggregated laboratory data of blood samples received from all public hospitals in Tyrol, Austria between 2006 and 2015. Microorganisms were categorized into obligatory, facultative, unusual pathogens and contaminants. The distribution, the cumulative incidence and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns were compared between the tertiary (TH) and regional peripheral hospitals (PH). Among 256,364 blood samples, 76.1% were from the TH The incidence of obligatory pathogens was 1.7 fold, and up to 3 times higher for facultative, unusual pathogens and contaminants in the TH and increased mainly due to an increase of E.coli, which was the most common isolated pathogen (n = 2,869), followed by Staphylococcus aureus (n = 1,439), Enterococcus sp. (n = 953) and Klebsiella sp. (n = 816). The distribution of obligatory pathogens differed between the hospital settings: In the TH Enterococcus sp. accounted for 40.8% and E.coli for 70.4%, respectively, whereas in the PH for 25.4% (p<0.0001) and 57.8%, respectively (p<0.0001) Antibiotic resistance of Gram negative bacteria and Staphylococcus aureus did not change during the observation period. Carbapenem resistance of Klebsiella sp. and vancomycin and linezolid resistance of Enterococcus faecium showed a non-significant increase since 2010 in the TH setting. We concluded that the incidence of BSI in TH was higher compared to PH. We observed higher contamination rates in the TH. We could not interpret the data of coagulase negative staphylococci due to lack of clinical data. We strongly recommend enhancement of training on blood culture sampling to decrease the rate of contamination. Due to differences in pathogen distribution and antimicrobial resistance between different hospital settings we recommend separate treatment guidelines for BSI by hospital setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Kreidl
- Department of Hygiene, Microbiology and Public Health, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Thomas Kirchner
- Department of Orthopedics, Hospital St. Vincent, Zams, Austria
| | - Manfred Fille
- Department of Hygiene, Microbiology and Public Health, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Ingrid Heller
- Department of Hygiene, Microbiology and Public Health, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Cornelia Lass-Flörl
- Department of Hygiene, Microbiology and Public Health, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Dorothea Orth-Höller
- Department of Hygiene, Microbiology and Public Health, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
- * E-mail:
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Gangadharappa BS, Sharath R, Revanasiddappa PD, Chandramohan V, Balasubramaniam M, Vardhineni TP. Structural insights of metallo-beta-lactamase revealed an effective way of inhibition of enzyme by natural inhibitors. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2019; 38:3757-3771. [DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2019.1667265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bhavya Somalapura Gangadharappa
- Department of Biotechnology, M.S Ramaiah Institute of Technology, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
- Visvesvaraya Technological University, Belagavi, Karnataka, India
| | | | | | - Vivek Chandramohan
- Department of Biotechnology, Siddaganga Institute of Technology, Tumakuru, Karnataka, India
| | | | - Teja Priya Vardhineni
- Biotecthology Skill Enhancement Program, Siddaganga Institute of Technology, Tumakuru, Karnataka, India
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Masci D, Hind C, Islam MK, Toscani A, Clifford M, Coluccia A, Conforti I, Touitou M, Memdouh S, Wei X, La Regina G, Silvestri R, Sutton JM, Castagnolo D. Switching on the activity of 1,5-diaryl-pyrrole derivatives against drug-resistant ESKAPE bacteria: Structure-activity relationships and mode of action studies. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 178:500-514. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.05.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2019] [Revised: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Narendrakumar L, Gupta SS, Johnson JB, Ramamurthy T, Thomas S. Molecular Adaptations and Antibiotic Resistance inVibrio cholerae: A Communal Challenge. Microb Drug Resist 2019; 25:1012-1022. [DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2018.0354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Lekshmi Narendrakumar
- Cholera and Biofilm Research Laboratory, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Kerala, India
- Research Scholar, University of Kerala, Kerala, India
| | | | - John B. Johnson
- Viral Disease Biology, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Kerala, India
| | | | - Sabu Thomas
- Cholera and Biofilm Research Laboratory, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Kerala, India
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Krajnc A, Lang PA, Panduwawala TD, Brem J, Schofield CJ. Will morphing boron-based inhibitors beat the β-lactamases? Curr Opin Chem Biol 2019; 50:101-110. [PMID: 31004962 PMCID: PMC6591701 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2019.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The β-lactams remain the most important antibacterials, but their use is increasingly compromised by resistance, importantly by β-lactamases. Although β-lactam and non-β-lactam inhibitors forming stable acyl-enzyme complexes with nucleophilic serine β-lactamases (SBLs) are widely used, these are increasingly susceptible to evolved SBLs and do not inhibit metallo-β-lactamases (MBLs). Boronic acids and boronate esters, especially cyclic ones, can potently inhibit both SBLs and MBLs. Vaborbactam, a monocyclic boronate, is approved for clinical use, but its β-lactamase coverage is limited. Bicyclic boronates rapidly react with SBLs and MBLs forming stable enzyme-inhibitor complexes that mimic the common anionic high-energy tetrahedral intermediates in SBL/MBL catalysis, as revealed by crystallography. The ability of boronic acids to 'morph' between sp2 and sp3 hybridisation states may help enable potent inhibition. There is limited structure-activity relationship information on the (bi)cyclic boronate inhibitors compared to β-lactams, hence scope for creativity towards new boron-based β-lactamase inhibitors/antibacterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alen Krajnc
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - Pauline A Lang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - Tharindi D Panduwawala
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - Jürgen Brem
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher J Schofield
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, United Kingdom.
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