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Buitenhuis AJ, Hein L, Sørensen LP, Kargo M. Correlation between breeding values for milk fatty acids and Nordic Total Merit index traits for Danish Holstein and Danish Jersey. J Dairy Sci 2023:S0022-0302(23)00346-6. [PMID: 37331869 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2022-22575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
Milk fatty acid composition is gaining interest in the Danish dairy industry both to develop new dairy products and as a management tool. To be able to implement milk fatty acid (FA) composition in the breeding program, it is important to know the correlations with the traits in the breeding goal. To estimate these correlations, we measured milk fat composition in Danish Holstein (DH) and Danish Jersey (DJ) cattle breeds using mid-infrared spectroscopy. Breeding values were estimated for specific FA and for groups of FA. Correlations with the estimated breeding values (EBV) underlying the Nordic Total Merit index (NTM) were calculated within breed. For both DH and DJ, we showed that FA EBV had moderate correlations with the NTM and production traits. For both DH and DJ, the correlation of FA EBV and NTM were in the same direction, except for C16:0 (0 in DH, 0.23 in DJ). A few correlations differed between DH and DJ. The correlation between claw health index and C18:0 was negative in DH (-0.09) but positive in DJ (0.12). In addition, some correlations were not significant in DH but were significant in DJ. The correlations between udder health index and long-chain FA, trans FA, C16:0, and C18:0 were not significant in DH (-0.05 to 0.02), but were significant in DJ (-0.17, -0.15, 0.14, and -0.16, respectively). For both DH and DJ, the correlations between FA EBV and nonproduction traits were low. This implies that it is possible to breed for a different fat composition in the milk without affecting the nonproduction traits in the breeding goal.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Buitenhuis
- Center for Quantitative Genetics and Genomics, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.
| | - L Hein
- SEGES, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
| | | | - M Kargo
- Center for Quantitative Genetics and Genomics, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
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2
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Fan J, Xiao Z, Qiu W, Zhao C, Yi C, Lin D, Lin Z. Analysis of Metabolic Components of JUNCAO Wine Based on GC-QTOF-MS. Foods 2023; 12:foods12112254. [PMID: 37297498 DOI: 10.3390/foods12112254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
JUNCAO wine fermentation metabolites are closely related to the final quality of the product. Currently, there are no studies of dynamic metabolite changes during fermentation of JUNCAO wine. Here, we used gas chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC-QTOF-MS) metabolomics and multivariate statistical analysis to explore the relationship between metabolites and fermentation time. A total of 189 metabolites were annotated throughout the fermentation process. The principal component analysis (PCA) revealed a clear separation between the samples in the early and late stages of fermentation. A total of 60 metabolites were annotated as differential during the fermentation (variable importance in the projection, VIP > 1, and p < 0.05), including 21 organic acids, 10 amino acids, 15 sugars and sugar alcohols, and 14 other metabolites. Pathway analysis showed that the most commonly influenced pathways (impact value > 0.1 and p < 0.05) were tricarboxylic acid cycle, alanine, aspartic acid and glutamic acid metabolism, pyrimidine metabolism, and other 10 metabolic pathways. Moreover, integrated metabolic pathways are generated to understand the conversion and accumulation of differential metabolites. Overall, these results provide a comprehensive overview of metabolite changes during fermentation of JUNCAO wine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinlin Fan
- National Engineering Research Center of Juncao, Fuzhou 350002, China
- College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Zheng Xiao
- Institute of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou 350013, China
| | - Wanwei Qiu
- School of Life and Health Science, Anhui Science and Technology University, Chuzhou 233100, China
| | - Chao Zhao
- College of Marine Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Chao Yi
- National Engineering Research Center of Juncao, Fuzhou 350002, China
- College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Dongmei Lin
- National Engineering Research Center of Juncao, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Zhanxi Lin
- National Engineering Research Center of Juncao, Fuzhou 350002, China
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Sanjayaranj I, MacGibbon AKH, Holroyd SE, Janssen PWM, Blair HT, Lopez-Villalobos N. Association of Single Nucleotide Polymorphism in the DGAT1 Gene with the Fatty Acid Composition of Cows Milked Once and Twice a Day. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:genes14030767. [PMID: 36981037 PMCID: PMC10048615 DOI: 10.3390/genes14030767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
A single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs109421300 of the diacylglycerol acyltransferase 1 (DGAT1) on bovine chromosome 14 is associated with fat yield, fat percentage, and protein percentage. This study aimed to investigate the effect of SNP rs109421300 on production traits and the fatty acid composition of milk from cows milked once a day (OAD) and twice a day (TAD) under New Zealand grazing conditions. Between September 2020 and March 2021, 232 cows from a OAD herd and 182 cows from a TAD herd were genotyped. The CC genotype of SNP rs109421300 was associated with significantly (p < 0.05) higher fat yield, fat percentage, and protein percentage, and lower milk and protein yields in both milking frequencies. The CC genotype was also associated with significantly (p < 0.05) higher proportions of C16:0 and C18:0, higher predicted solid fat content at 10 °C (SFC10), and lower proportions of C4:0 and C18:1 cis-9 in both milking frequencies. The association of SNP with fatty acids was similar in both milking frequencies, with differences in magnitudes. The SFC10 of cows milked OAD was lower than cows milked TAD for all three SNP genotypes suggesting the suitability of OAD milk for producing easily spreadable butter. These results demonstrate that selecting cows with the CC genotype is beneficial for New Zealand dairy farmers with the current payment system, however, this would likely result in less spreadable butter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inthujaa Sanjayaranj
- Animal Science, School of Agriculture and Environment, Massey University, Private Bag 11 222, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Eastern University, Chenkaladi, Batticaloa 30000, Sri Lanka
| | - Alastair K H MacGibbon
- Fonterra Research and Development Centre, Private Bag 11029, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - Stephen E Holroyd
- Fonterra Research and Development Centre, Private Bag 11029, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - Patrick W M Janssen
- School of Food and Advanced Technology, Massey University, Private Bag 11 222, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - Hugh T Blair
- Animal Science, School of Agriculture and Environment, Massey University, Private Bag 11 222, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - Nicolas Lopez-Villalobos
- Animal Science, School of Agriculture and Environment, Massey University, Private Bag 11 222, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
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Jayawardana JMDR, Lopez-Villalobos N, McNaughton LR, Hickson RE. Heritabilities and genetic and phenotypic correlations for milk production and fertility traits of spring-calved once-daily or twice-daily milking cows in New Zealand. J Dairy Sci 2023; 106:1910-1924. [PMID: 36710178 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2022-22431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The objectives of this study were to estimate the genetic and phenotypic correlations and heritabilities for milk production and fertility traits in spring-calved once-daily (OAD) milking cows for the whole season in New Zealand and compare those estimates with twice-daily (TAD) milking cows. Data used in the study consisted of 69,252 first parity cows from the calving seasons 2015-2016 to 2017-2018 in 113 OAD and 531 TAD milking herds. Heritability estimates for production and fertility traits were obtained through single-trait animal models, and estimates of genetic and phenotypic correlations were obtained through bivariate animal models. Heritability estimates of production traits varied from 0.26 to 0.61 in OAD and from 0.13 to 0.63 in TAD. Heritability estimates for fertility traits were low in both OAD and TAD milking cow populations, and estimates were consistent (OAD: 0.01 to 0.10 and TAD: 0.01 to 0.08) across milking regimens. Estimates of phenotypic and genetic correlations among production traits were consistent across populations. In both populations, phenotypic correlations between milk production and fertility traits were close to zero, and most of the genetic correlations were antagonistic. In OAD milking cows, genetic correlations of milk and lactose yields with the start of mating to conception, 6-wk in-calf, not-in-calf, and 6-wk calving rate were close to zero. Interval from first service to conception was negatively genetically correlated with milk and lactose yields in OAD milking cows. Protein percentage was positively genetically correlated with 3-wk and 6-wk submission, 3-wk in-calf, 6-wk in-calf, first service to conception, 3-wk calving, and 6-wk calving rate in the TAD milking cow population, but these correlations were low in the OAD milking cow population. Further studies are needed to understand the relationship of protein percentage and fertility traits in the OAD milking system. The phenotypic correlations between fertility traits were similar in OAD and TAD milking populations. Genetic correlations between fertility traits were strong (≥0.70) in cows milked TAD, but genetic correlations varied from weak to strong in cows milked OAD. Further research is required to evaluate the interaction between genotype by milking regimen for fertility traits in terms of sire selection in the OAD milking cow population.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M D R Jayawardana
- School of Agriculture and Environment, Massey University, Palmerston North 4410, New Zealand; Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Animal Science and Export Agriculture, Uva Wellassa University, Badulla 90000, Sri Lanka.
| | - N Lopez-Villalobos
- School of Agriculture and Environment, Massey University, Palmerston North 4410, New Zealand
| | - L R McNaughton
- Livestock Improvement Corporation, Private Bag 3016, Hamilton 3240, New Zealand
| | - R E Hickson
- Focus Genetics, 17C Mahia St, Ahuriri, Napier 4144, New Zealand
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Zhao X, Song Y, Zhang Y, Cai G, Xue G, Liu Y, Chen K, Zhang F, Wang K, Zhang M, Gao Y, Sun D, Wang X, Li J. Predictions of Milk Fatty Acid Contents by Mid-Infrared Spectroscopy in Chinese Holstein Cows. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28020666. [PMID: 36677723 PMCID: PMC9864415 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28020666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Revised: 01/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Genetic improvement of milk fatty acid content traits in dairy cattle is of great significance. However, chromatography-based methods to measure milk fatty acid content have several disadvantages. Thus, quick and accurate predictions of various milk fatty acid contents based on the mid-infrared spectrum (MIRS) from dairy herd improvement (DHI) data are essential and meaningful to expand the amount of phenotypic data available. In this study, 24 kinds of milk fatty acid concentrations were measured from the milk samples of 336 Holstein cows in Shandong Province, China, using the gas chromatography (GC) technique, which simultaneously produced MIRS values for the prediction of fatty acids. After quantification by the GC technique, milk fatty acid contents expressed as g/100 g of milk (milk-basis) and g/100 g of fat (fat-basis) were processed by five spectral pre-processing algorithms: first-order derivative (DER1), second-order derivative (DER2), multiple scattering correction (MSC), standard normal transform (SNV), and Savitzky-Golsy convolution smoothing (SG), and four regression models: random forest regression (RFR), partial least square regression (PLSR), least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression (LassoR), and ridge regression (RidgeR). Two ranges of wavebands (4000~400 cm-1 and 3017~2823 cm-1/1805~1734 cm-1) were also used in the above analysis. The prediction accuracy was evaluated using a 10-fold cross validation procedure, with the ratio of the training set and the test set as 3:1, where the determination coefficient (R2) and residual predictive deviation (RPD) were used for evaluations. The results showed that 17 out of 31 milk fatty acids were accurately predicted using MIRS, with RPD values higher than 2 and R2 values higher than 0.75. In addition, 16 out of 31 fatty acids were accurately predicted by RFR, indicating that the ensemble learning model potentially resulted in a higher prediction accuracy. Meanwhile, DER1, DER2 and SG pre-processing algorithms led to high prediction accuracy for most fatty acids. In summary, these results imply that the application of MIRS to predict the fatty acid contents of milk is feasible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuxin Zhao
- Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China
- Shandong OX Livestock Breeding Co., Ltd., Jinan 250100, China
| | - Yuetong Song
- Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China
- Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- Yantai Institute, China Agricultural University, Yantai 264670, China
| | - Yuanpei Zhang
- Shandong OX Livestock Breeding Co., Ltd., Jinan 250100, China
| | - Gaozhan Cai
- Shandong OX Livestock Breeding Co., Ltd., Jinan 250100, China
| | - Guanghui Xue
- Shandong OX Livestock Breeding Co., Ltd., Jinan 250100, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Shandong OX Livestock Breeding Co., Ltd., Jinan 250100, China
| | - Kewei Chen
- Yantai Institute, China Agricultural University, Yantai 264670, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Kun Wang
- Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China
- Yantai Institute, China Agricultural University, Yantai 264670, China
| | - Miao Zhang
- Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China
- Yantai Institute, China Agricultural University, Yantai 264670, China
| | - Yundong Gao
- Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Dongxiao Sun
- Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- Correspondence: (D.S.); (X.W.); (J.L.)
| | - Xiao Wang
- Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China
- Correspondence: (D.S.); (X.W.); (J.L.)
| | - Jianbin Li
- Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China
- Correspondence: (D.S.); (X.W.); (J.L.)
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Jayawardana J, Lopez-Villalobos N, Hickson R, McNaughton L. Estimation of genetic parameters and individual and maternal breed, heterosis, and recombination loss effects for production and fertility traits of spring-calved cows milked once daily or twice daily in New Zealand. J Dairy Sci 2022; 106:364-380. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2022-22053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Knutsen TM, Olsen HG, Ketto IA, Sundsaasen KK, Kohler A, Tafintseva V, Svendsen M, Kent MP, Lien S. Genetic variants associated with two major bovine milk fatty acids offer opportunities to breed for altered milk fat composition. Genet Sel Evol 2022; 54:35. [PMID: 35619070 PMCID: PMC9137198 DOI: 10.1186/s12711-022-00731-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Although bovine milk is regarded as healthy and nutritious, its high content of saturated fatty acids (FA) may be harmful to cardiovascular health. Palmitic acid (C16:0) is the predominant saturated FA in milk with adverse health effects that could be countered by substituting it with higher levels of unsaturated FA, such as oleic acid (C18:1cis-9). In this work, we performed genome-wide association analyses for milk fatty acids predicted from FTIR spectroscopy data using 1811 Norwegian Red cattle genotyped and imputed to a high-density 777k single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)-array. In a follow-up analysis, we used imputed whole-genome sequence data to detect genetic variants that are involved in FTIR-predicted levels of C16:0 and C18:1cis-9 and explore the transcript profile and protein level of candidate genes. Results Genome-wise significant associations were detected for C16:0 on Bos taurus (BTA) autosomes 11, 16 and 27, and for C18:1cis-9 on BTA5, 13 and 19. Closer examination of a significant locus on BTA11 identified the PAEP gene, which encodes the milk protein β-lactoglobulin, as a particularly attractive positional candidate gene. At this locus, we discovered a tightly linked cluster of genetic variants in coding and regulatory sequences that have opposing effects on the levels of C16:0 and C18:1cis-9. The favourable haplotype, linked to reduced levels of C16:0 and increased levels of C18:1cis-9 was also associated with a marked reduction in PAEP expression and β-lactoglobulin protein levels. β-lactoglobulin is the most abundant whey protein in milk and lower levels are associated with important dairy production parameters such as improved cheese yield. Conclusions The genetic variants detected in this study may be used in breeding to produce milk with an improved FA health-profile and enhanced cheese-making properties. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12711-022-00731-9.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hanne Gro Olsen
- Centre for Integrative Genetics, Department of Animal and Aquacultural Sciences, Faculty of Biosciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Isaya Appelesy Ketto
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences,, Ås, Norway
| | - Kristil Kindem Sundsaasen
- Centre for Integrative Genetics, Department of Animal and Aquacultural Sciences, Faculty of Biosciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Achim Kohler
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Valeria Tafintseva
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | | | - Matthew Peter Kent
- Centre for Integrative Genetics, Department of Animal and Aquacultural Sciences, Faculty of Biosciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Sigbjørn Lien
- Centre for Integrative Genetics, Department of Animal and Aquacultural Sciences, Faculty of Biosciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
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Samková E, Čítek J, Brzáková M, Hanuš O, Večerek L, Jozová E, Hoštičková I, Trávníček J, Hasoňová L, Rost M, Hálová K, Špička J. Associations among Farm, Breed, Lactation Stage and Parity, Gene Polymorphisms and the Fatty Acid Profile of Milk from Holstein, Simmental and Their Crosses. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11113284. [PMID: 34828016 PMCID: PMC8614357 DOI: 10.3390/ani11113284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to analyze the factors affecting the fatty acid (FA) profile in cow's milk. The effects of a farm, lactation parity and stage, breed and polymorphisms in the AGPAT6, DGAT1, LEP, FASN and SCD1 genes were evaluated. A total of 196 Holstein cows, 226 Simmental cows and seven crosses were sampled 751 times. The cows were kept at five farms and were in the first up to the sixth lactation, and 49 individual FAs and 11 groups were analyzed. The farm significantly affected the proportion of all FAs except for C16:1n-7c and isoC14:0. Additionally, the lactation stage was significant for most FAs, and the opposite was true for lactation parity. The effect of the breed was negligible. For the gene polymorphisms, the SCD1 TT genotype exceeded the CC in C10:0, C12:0, C14:0, C16:1n-7c and C18:2, and the opposite was true for C10:1, C12:1, C14:1n-5c, isoC17:0, C16:1 and C18:1, i.e., the TT genotype was higher for saturated FAs, and the CT genotype was higher for monounsaturated FAs. The results hint at the intermediary heredity of the SCD1 gene. The FASN gene was strongly associated with four FAs and branched-chain FAs, and genotype AG was better than GG. LEP was significant for five individual FAs and branched-chain FAs. The differences in FA composition among genotypes were rather small, which could lead to overestimation of the effect and needs to be considered in the next research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Samková
- Department of Food Biotechnologies and Agricultural Products Quality, Faculty of Agriculture, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Studentská 1668, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic; (L.H.); (K.H.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +420-387-772-618
| | - Jindřich Čítek
- Department of Genetics and Agricultural Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Studentská 1668, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic; (J.Č.); (L.V.); (E.J.); (I.H.); (M.R.)
| | - Michaela Brzáková
- Institute of Animal Science, Přátelství 815, 104 00 Praha-Uhříněves, Czech Republic;
| | - Oto Hanuš
- Dairy Research Institute, s.r.o., Ke Dvoru 12a, 160 00 Prague, Czech Republic;
| | - Libor Večerek
- Department of Genetics and Agricultural Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Studentská 1668, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic; (J.Č.); (L.V.); (E.J.); (I.H.); (M.R.)
| | - Eva Jozová
- Department of Genetics and Agricultural Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Studentská 1668, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic; (J.Č.); (L.V.); (E.J.); (I.H.); (M.R.)
| | - Irena Hoštičková
- Department of Genetics and Agricultural Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Studentská 1668, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic; (J.Č.); (L.V.); (E.J.); (I.H.); (M.R.)
| | - Jan Trávníček
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Studentská 1668, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic;
| | - Lucie Hasoňová
- Department of Food Biotechnologies and Agricultural Products Quality, Faculty of Agriculture, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Studentská 1668, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic; (L.H.); (K.H.)
| | - Michael Rost
- Department of Genetics and Agricultural Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Studentská 1668, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic; (J.Č.); (L.V.); (E.J.); (I.H.); (M.R.)
| | - Karolína Hálová
- Department of Food Biotechnologies and Agricultural Products Quality, Faculty of Agriculture, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Studentská 1668, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic; (L.H.); (K.H.)
| | - Jiří Špička
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Studentská 1668, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic;
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Bobbo T, Penasa M, Cassandro M. Genetic Parameters of Bovine Milk Fatty Acid Profile, Yield, Composition, Total and Differential Somatic Cell Count. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:E2406. [PMID: 33339148 DOI: 10.3390/ani10122406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The growing interest of consumers for milk and dairy products of high nutritional value has pushed researchers to evaluate the feasibility of including fatty acids (FA) in selection programs to modify milk fat profile and improve its nutritional quality. Therefore, the aim of this study was to estimate genetic parameters of FA profile predicted by mid-infrared spectroscopy, milk yield, composition, and total and differential somatic cell count. Edited data included 35,331 test-day records of 25,407 Italian Holstein cows from 652 herds. Variance components and heritability were estimated using single-trait repeatability animal models, whereas bivariate repeatability animal models were used to estimate genetic and phenotypic correlations between traits, including the fixed effects of stage of lactation, parity, and herd-test-date, and the random effects of additive genetic animal, cow permanent environment and the residual. Heritabilities and genetic correlations obtained in the present study reflected both the origins of FA (extracted from the blood or synthesized de novo by the mammary gland) and their grouping according to saturation or chain length. In addition, correlations among FA groups were in line with correlation among individual FA. Moderate negative genetic correlations between FA and milk yield and moderate to strong positive correlations with fat, protein, and casein percentages suggest that actual selection programs are currently affecting all FA groups, not only the desired ones (e.g., polyunsaturated FA). The absence of association with differential somatic cell count and the weak association with somatic cell score indicate that selection on FA profile would not affect selection on resistance to mastitis and vice versa. In conclusion, our findings suggest that genetic selection on FA content is feasible, as FA are variable and moderately heritable. Nevertheless, in the light of correlations with other milk traits estimated in this study, a clear breeding goal should first be established.
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