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Bounoua N, Cetinkaya A, Piskin E, Kaya SI, Ozkan SA. The sensor applications for prostate and lung cancer biomarkers in terms of electrochemical analysis. Anal Bioanal Chem 2024; 416:2277-2300. [PMID: 38279011 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-024-05134-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 12/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
Prostate and lung cancers are the most common types of cancer and affect a large part of the population around the world, causing deaths. Therefore, the rapid identification of cancer can profoundly impact reducing cancer-related death rates and protecting human lives. Significant resources have been dedicated to investigating new methods for early disease detection. Cancer biomarkers encompass various biochemical entities, including nucleic acids, proteins, sugars, small metabolites, cytogenetic and cytokinetic parameters, and whole tumor cells in bodily fluids. These tools can be utilized for various purposes, such as risk assessment, diagnosis, prognosis, treatment efficacy, toxicity evaluation, and predicting a return. Due to these versatile and critical purposes, there are widespread studies on the development of new, sensitive, and selective approaches for the determination of cancer biomarkers. This review illustrates the significant lung and prostate cancer biomarkers and their determination utilizing electrochemical sensors, which have the advantage of improved sensitivity, low cost, and simple analysis. Additionally, approaches such as improving sensitivity with nanomaterials and ensuring selectivity with MIPs are used to increase the performance of the sensor. This review aims to overview the most recent electrochemical biosensor applications for determining vital biomarkers of prostate and lung cancers in terms of nanobiosensors and molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP)-based biosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Bounoua
- Department of Exact Sciences, Laboratory of the Innovation Sponsorship and the Emerging Institution for Graduates of Higher Education of Sustainable Development and Dealing with Emerging Conditions, Normal Higher School of Bechar, Bechar, Algeria
- Laboratory of Chemical and Environmental Science (LCSE), 8000, Bechar, Algeria
| | - Ahmet Cetinkaya
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ensar Piskin
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - S Irem Kaya
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Gulhane Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Health Sciences, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Sibel A Ozkan
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey.
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Mohamed E, García Martínez DJ, Hosseini MS, Yoong SQ, Fletcher D, Hart S, Guinn BA. Identification of biomarkers for the early detection of non-small cell lung cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Carcinogenesis 2024; 45:1-22. [PMID: 38066655 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgad091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer (LC) causes few symptoms in the earliest stages, leading to one of the highest mortality rates among cancers. Low-dose computerised tomography (LDCT) is used to screen high-risk individuals, reducing the mortality rate by 20%. However, LDCT results in a high number of false positives and is associated with unnecessary follow-up and cost. Biomarkers with high sensitivities and specificities could assist in the early detection of LC, especially in patients with high-risk features. Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), cytokeratin 19 fragments and cancer antigen 125 have been found to be highly expressed during the later stages of LC but have low sensitivity in the earliest stages. We determined the best biomarkers for the early diagnosis of LC, using a systematic review of eight databases. We identified 98 articles that focussed on the identification and assessment of diagnostic biomarkers and achieved a pooled area under curve of 0.85 (95% CI 0.82-0.088), indicating that the diagnostic performance of these biomarkers when combined was excellent. Of the studies, 30 focussed on single/antigen panels, 22 on autoantibodies, 31 on miRNA and RNA panels, and 15 suggested the use of circulating DNA combined with CEA or neuron-specific enolase (NSE) for early LC detection. Verification of blood biomarkers with high sensitivities (Ciz1, exoGCC2, ITGA2B), high specificities (CYFR21-1, antiHE4, OPNV) or both (HSP90α, CEA) along with miR-15b and miR-27b/miR-21 from sputum may improve early LC detection. Further assessment is needed using appropriate sample sizes, control groups that include patients with non-malignant conditions, and standardised cut-off levels for each biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eithar Mohamed
- Centre for Biomedicine, Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, Kingston-upon-Hull, HU6 7RX, UK
| | - Daniel J García Martínez
- Department of Biotechnology, Pozuelo de Alarcón, University Francisco De Vitoria, Madrid, 28223, Spain
| | - Mohammad-Salar Hosseini
- Research Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Si Qi Yoong
- Alice Lee Centre for Nursing Studies, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore
| | - Daniel Fletcher
- Centre for Biomedicine, Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, Kingston-upon-Hull, HU6 7RX, UK
| | - Simon Hart
- Respiratory Medicine, Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, Kingston-upon-Hull, HU6 7RX, UK
| | - Barbara-Ann Guinn
- Centre for Biomedicine, Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, Kingston-upon-Hull, HU6 7RX, UK
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Stephens EKH, Guayco Sigcha J, Lopez-Loo K, Yang IA, Marshall HM, Fong KM. Biomarkers of lung cancer for screening and in never-smokers-a narrative review. Transl Lung Cancer Res 2023; 12:2129-2145. [PMID: 38025810 PMCID: PMC10654441 DOI: 10.21037/tlcr-23-291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Background and Objective Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide, partially attributed to late-stage diagnoses. In order to mitigate this, lung cancer screening (LCS) of high-risk patients is performed using low dose computed tomography (CT) scans, however this method is burdened by high false-positive rates and radiation exposure for patients. Further, screening programs focus on individuals with heavy smoking histories, and as such, never-smokers who may otherwise be at risk of lung cancer are often overlooked. To resolve these limitations, biomarkers have been posited as potential supplements or replacements to low-dose CT, and as such, a large body of research in this area has been produced. However, comparatively little information exists on their clinical efficacy and how this compares to current LCS strategies. Methods Here we conduct a search and narrative review of current literature surrounding biomarkers of lung cancer to supplement LCS, and biomarkers of lung cancer in never-smokers (LCINS). Key Content and Findings Many potential biomarkers of lung cancer have been identified with varying levels of sensitivity, specificity, clinical efficacy, and supporting evidence. Of the markers identified, multi-target panels of circulating microRNAs, lipids, and metabolites are likely the most clinically efficacious markers to aid current screening programs, as these provide the highest sensitivity and specificity for lung cancer detection. However, circulating lipid and metabolite levels are known to vary in numerous systemic pathologies, highlighting the need for further validation in large cohort randomised studies. Conclusions Lung cancer biomarkers is a fast-expanding area of research and numerous biomarkers with potential clinical applications have been identified. However, in all cases the level of evidence supporting clinical efficacy is not yet at a level at which it can be translated to clinical practice. The priority now should be to validate existing candidate markers in appropriate clinical contexts and work to integrating these into clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward K. H. Stephens
- UQ Thoracic Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Jazmin Guayco Sigcha
- UQ Thoracic Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Kenneth Lopez-Loo
- UQ Thoracic Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Ian A. Yang
- UQ Thoracic Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, The Prince Charles Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Henry M. Marshall
- UQ Thoracic Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, The Prince Charles Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Kwun M. Fong
- UQ Thoracic Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, The Prince Charles Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
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Xiu Y, Sun B, Jiang Y, Wang A, Liu L, Liu Y, Sun S, Huangfu M. Diagnostic Value of the Survivin Autoantibody in Four Types of Malignancies. Genet Test Mol Biomarkers 2018; 22:384-389. [PMID: 29924656 DOI: 10.1089/gtmb.2017.0278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tumor-associated antigen overexpression, which has been reported in many types of cancers, may trigger autoantibody secretion. The present study was designed to test whether levels of circulating autoantibodies to survivin protein-derived antigens is altered in liver, esophageal, breast, and lung cancers. METHODS Patients with liver (144), esophageal (159), breast (124), and lung cancers (267), and healthy volunteers (362) were recruited for the study, and serum samples were collected for ELISA autoantibody analysis. RESULTS Compared with the control group, survivin autoantibody levels were significantly higher in serum from patients with breast cancer and lung cancer, but were significantly lower in serum from patients with liver cancer (p < 0.05). In stage I and II lung cancer, the best-fit areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.731 (standard error [SE] = 0.023; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.687-0.776) and the sensitivity, with 90% specificity, was 23.7%. CONCLUSION Analysis across four types of malignancies revealed that the survivin autoantibody had good specificity and sensitivity in lung cancer. Circulating autoantibodies to survivin could be a potential biomarker for the early lung cancer diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Xiu
- 1 Department of Radiotherapy, Second Hospital of Jilin University , Changchun, China
| | - Baosheng Sun
- 2 Department of Radiotherapy, Tumor Hospital of Jilin Province , Changchun, China
| | - Yongli Jiang
- 3 Changchun International Travel Healthcare Center , Changchun, China
| | - Aifu Wang
- 1 Department of Radiotherapy, Second Hospital of Jilin University , Changchun, China
| | - Linlin Liu
- 1 Department of Radiotherapy, Second Hospital of Jilin University , Changchun, China
| | - Ying Liu
- 4 Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Jilin University , Changchun, China
| | - Shilong Sun
- 5 Ministry of Health Key Laboratory of Radiobiology, Jilin University , Changchun, China
| | - Mingmei Huangfu
- 6 Department of Thyroid Surgery, Second Hospital of Jilin University , Changchun, China
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Jelonek K, Widłak P. Metabolome-based biomarkers: their potential role in the early detection of lung cancer. Contemp Oncol (Pozn) 2018; 22:135-40. [PMID: 30455584 DOI: 10.5114/wo.2018.78942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide, and a major problem affecting its mortality is the late diagnosis of the majority of cases, where treatment options are limited and overall prognosis is very bad. Currently, a low-dose computed tomography (LD-CT) screening in the high-risk group is the only available diagnostic strategy that could reduce mortality due to this malignancy. However, the LD-CT screening test suffers from a high false positive rate. Hence, complementation of LD-CT examination with blood-based biomarkers is a rational approach to increase efficacy and reduce the cost of early lung cancer screening programs. Several molecular signatures that discriminate between patients with early lung cancer and healthy individuals have been proposed in recent years, which are based on components of serum/plasma metabolome. However, none of these signatures has been validated by independent studies based on material collected during real lung cancer screening. Therefore, the validation of the real diagnostic value of these otherwise promising candidates remains a critical step in this challenging field of cancer diagnostics.
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Ostheimer C, Schweyer F, Reese T, Bache M, Vordermark D. The relationship between tumor volume changes and serial plasma osteopontin detection during radical radiotherapy of non-small-cell lung cancer. Oncol Lett 2016; 12:3449-3456. [PMID: 27900019 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2016.5104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Accepted: 07/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The prognostic quality of increased osteopontin (OPN) plasma levels has been demonstrated for the chemotherapy and surgery of lung cancer. There is also evidence in the literature that tumor volume impacts prognosis in definitive radiotherapy (RT) of (lung) cancer. We previously demonstrated that elevated plasma levels of OPN before, and increasing OPN plasma levels after RT significantly correlate with survival and outcome after curative-intent RT of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Tumor volume was also associated with prognosis. The present prospective clinical study investigated the prognostic interrelation of OPN plasma levels and tumor volume and their changes in the radical RT of NSCLC. We evaluated a subset of patients (n=27) with inoperable, non-metastasized NSCLC of the previously published patient collective. Patients were treated with radical radiochemotherapy (2 Gy ad 66 Gy). OPN plasma concentrations were determined by ELISA before (t0), at the end (t1), and 4 weeks after RT (t2). GTV was delineated PET- and CT-correlated before RT (GTV1) and after 40 Gy (GTV2). The course of OPN during and after RT and the change of GTV during RT was monitored over time and correlated with prognosis. Median GTV2 after 40 Gy (63 ml) was significantly lower than pre-RT GTV1 (90 ml, P<0.0001). Median OPN before (t0), at the end of (t1) and four weeks after RT (t2) was 846, 777 and 624 ng/ml and not significantly different. GTV significantly declined by 39 ml during RT (P<0.0001) and OPN non-significantly decreased by 56 ng/ml during (t0 to t1) and by 54 ng/ml after RT (t1 to t2). No correlations were determined between absolute OPN and GTV values or their relative changes during RT. In univariate analysis, only GTV2 significantly predicted overall survival (OS, P=0.03). In multivariate analysis, both OPN t1 (P<0.001) and GTV2 (P=0.001) remained significant predictors of OS. Relative OPN plasma level changes after (t1 to t2) and GTV changes during RT (GTV 1 to GTV 2) significantly predicted OS (P=0.02). The combination of absolute GTV values before RT (GTV1) and GTV changes during RT (GTV1 to 2) were significantly associated with OS in both uni- and multivariate analysis (P=0.03). The combination of absolute OPN plasma levels and their changes with GTV and its changes did not reach statistical significance. The lack of a significant correlation between OPN and GTV together with the finding that OPN and GTV remained independent predictors of survival outcome but were not associated with OS in combination supports the hypothesis that tumor volume (GTV) and OPN plasma levels (both their changes and absolute values) are not interrelated in terms of prognosis but do possess each parameter separately, a prognostic quality in the radical RT of NSCLC which justifies further prospective studies to validate these results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Ostheimer
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Franziska Schweyer
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Thomas Reese
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Matthias Bache
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Dirk Vordermark
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
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Widlak P, Pietrowska M, Polanska J, Marczyk M, Ros-Mazurczyk M, Dziadziuszko R, Jassem J, Rzyman W. Serum mass profile signature as a biomarker of early lung cancer. Lung Cancer 2016; 99:46-52. [PMID: 27565913 DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2016.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2016] [Revised: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 06/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Circulating molecular biomarkers of lung cancer may allow the pre-selection of candidates for computed tomography screening or increase its efficacy. We aimed to identify features of serum mass profile distinguishing individuals with early lung cancer from healthy participants of the lung cancer screening program. METHODS Blood samples were collected during a low-dose computed tomography (LD-CT) screening program performed by one institution (Medical University of Gdansk, Poland). MALDI-ToF mass spectrometry was used to characterize the low-molecular-weight (1000-14,000Da) serum fraction. The analysis comprised 95 patients with early stage lung cancer (including 30 screen-detected cases) and a matched group of 285 healthy controls. The cases were split into two independent cohorts (discovery and validation), analyzed separately 6 months apart. RESULTS Several molecular components of serum (putatively components of endogenous peptidome) discriminating patients with early lung cancer from controls were identified in a discovery cohort. This allowed building an effective cancer classifier as a model tuned to maximize negative predictive value, with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.88, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a positive predictive value of 48%. However, the classifier performed worse in a validation cohort including independent sample sets (AUC 0.73, NPV 88% and PPV 30%). CONCLUSIONS We developed a serum mass profile-based signature identifying patients with early lung cancer. Although this marker has insufficient value as a stand-alone preselecting tool for LD-CT screening, its potential clinical usefulness in evaluation of indeterminate pulmonary nodules deserves further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Widlak
- Maria Skłodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, ul. Wybrzeże Armii Krajowej 15, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland.
| | - Monika Pietrowska
- Maria Skłodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, ul. Wybrzeże Armii Krajowej 15, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland.
| | - Joanna Polanska
- Silesian University of Technology, ul. Akademicka 16, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland.
| | - Michal Marczyk
- Silesian University of Technology, ul. Akademicka 16, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland.
| | - Malgorzata Ros-Mazurczyk
- Maria Skłodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, ul. Wybrzeże Armii Krajowej 15, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland.
| | | | - Jacek Jassem
- Medical University of Gdańsk, ul. Dębinki 7, 80-211 Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Witold Rzyman
- Medical University of Gdańsk, ul. Dębinki 7, 80-211 Gdańsk, Poland.
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Affiliation(s)
- William N Rom
- Department of Medicine, NYU School of Medicine, 550 1st Avenue, New York, NY 10016, United States; Department of Environmental Medicine, NYU School of Medicine, 550 1st Avenue, New York, NY 10016, United States.
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Zhang T, Zhang DM, Zhao D, Hou XM, Liu XJ, Ling XL, Ma SC. The prognostic value of osteopontin expression in non-small cell lung cancer: a meta-analysis. J Mol Histol 2014; 45:533-40. [PMID: 24816798 DOI: 10.1007/s10735-014-9574-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2014] [Accepted: 04/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the association of Osteopontin (OPN) expression in tumor tissue with clinicopathological features of non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) patients. Publications assessing the clinicopathological characteristics and prognostic significance of OPN in expression NSCLC were identified up to March 2014. A meta-analysis of eligible studies was performed using standard statistical methods to clarify the association between OPN expression and these clinical parameters. A total of eleven studies met the inclusion criteria, and included 1536 cases of NSCLC tumor tissue and 340 cases of normal lung tissue. The OPN expression rate in NSCLC tissue was higher than normal tissue [Odds ratio (OR) 6.427; 95% confidence interval (CI) 4.689-8.808; P = 0.000]. Simultaneously, we also found that OPN expression was positively associated with stage (OR 0.332; 95% CI 0.250-0.440; P = 0.000), lymph node metastasis (OR 3.094; 95% CI 2.295-4.172; P = 0.000), tumor size (tumor size <3 cm vs. ≥3 cm; OR 0.484; 95% CI 0.303-0.773; P = 0.002) and pathology (OR 0.611; 95% CI 0.466-0.800; P = 0.000). It was unrelated that OPN expression in NSCLC tissue with and degree of differentiation and other clinical features (P > 0.05). Experimental findings indicate that, OPN plays a crucial role in the development of NSCLC.
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