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Eraslan Boz H, Koçoğlu K, Akkoyun M, Tüfekci IY, Ekin M, Özçelik P, Akdal G. Uncorrected errors and correct saccades in the antisaccade task distinguish between early-stage Alzheimer's disease dementia, amnestic mild cognitive impairment, and normal aging. NEUROPSYCHOLOGY, DEVELOPMENT, AND COGNITION. SECTION B, AGING, NEUROPSYCHOLOGY AND COGNITION 2024; 31:457-478. [PMID: 37004192 DOI: 10.1080/13825585.2023.2198191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) dementia is a degenerative illness that is characterized by a gradual decline in cognitive abilities. Amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) is seen as a precursor to AD. The changes in antisaccade performance that can be seen in MCI may provide important clues in the early detection of AD. Therefore, the antisaccade deficits in AD and aMCI remain a research question. This study aimed to examine antisaccade responses and the relationship between antisaccade and cognitive function in AD, aMCI, and healthy controls (HC). This study included 30 patients with early-stage AD, 34 with aMCI, and 32 HC. Patients with AD showed higher rates of uncorrected error, anticipatory saccades and corrected errors, as well as decreased correct saccade rates, and shortened saccade latency compared to aMCI and HC in this study. Patients with aMCI exhibited increased rates of express saccades relative to HC. The antisaccade task and cognitive domains were found to be significantly related. Our study showed that the rate of correct saccades has the capacity to distinguish AD from HC with 87% sensitivity and 86% specificity (AUC = 0.93, p < 0.001). In addition, the rate of uncorrected errors was found to be capable of distinguishing AD from HC with 84% sensitivity and 83% specificity (AUC = 0.91, p < 0.001). This study presented promising findings that these parameters can be used clinically to differentiate AD and aMCI from healthy older individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hatice Eraslan Boz
- Institute of Health Sciences, Department of Neuroscience, Dokuz Eylül University, Izmir, Türkiye
- Department of Neurology, Unit of Neuropsychology, Dokuz Eylül University, Izmir, Türkiye
| | - Koray Koçoğlu
- Institute of Health Sciences, Department of Neuroscience, Dokuz Eylül University, Izmir, Türkiye
| | - Müge Akkoyun
- Institute of Health Sciences, Department of Neuroscience, Dokuz Eylül University, Izmir, Türkiye
| | - Işıl Yağmur Tüfekci
- Institute of Health Sciences, Department of Neuroscience, Dokuz Eylül University, Izmir, Türkiye
| | - Merve Ekin
- Institute of Health Sciences, Department of Neuroscience, Dokuz Eylül University, Izmir, Türkiye
| | - Pınar Özçelik
- Institute of Health Sciences, Department of Neuroscience, Dokuz Eylül University, Izmir, Türkiye
| | - Gülden Akdal
- Institute of Health Sciences, Department of Neuroscience, Dokuz Eylül University, Izmir, Türkiye
- Department of Neurology, Dokuz Eylül University, Izmir, Türkiye
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Papanikolaou C, Sharma A, Lind PG, Lencastre P. Lévy Flight Model of Gaze Trajectories to Assist in ADHD Diagnoses. ENTROPY (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 26:392. [PMID: 38785640 PMCID: PMC11120544 DOI: 10.3390/e26050392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
The precise mathematical description of gaze patterns remains a topic of ongoing debate, impacting the practical analysis of eye-tracking data. In this context, we present evidence supporting the appropriateness of a Lévy flight description for eye-gaze trajectories, emphasizing its beneficial scale-invariant properties. Our study focuses on utilizing these properties to aid in diagnosing Attention-Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in children, in conjunction with standard cognitive tests. Using this method, we found that the distribution of the characteristic exponent of Lévy flights statistically is different in children with ADHD. Furthermore, we observed that these children deviate from a strategy that is considered optimal for searching processes, in contrast to non-ADHD children. We focused on the case where both eye-tracking data and data from a cognitive test are present and show that the study of gaze patterns in children with ADHD can help in identifying this condition. Since eye-tracking data can be gathered during cognitive tests without needing extra time-consuming specific tasks, we argue that it is in a prime position to provide assistance in the arduous task of diagnosing ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christos Papanikolaou
- Department of Computer Science, Oslo Metropolitan University, N-0130 Oslo, Norway; (C.P.); (A.S.); (P.G.L.)
| | - Akriti Sharma
- Department of Computer Science, Oslo Metropolitan University, N-0130 Oslo, Norway; (C.P.); (A.S.); (P.G.L.)
| | - Pedro G. Lind
- Department of Computer Science, Oslo Metropolitan University, N-0130 Oslo, Norway; (C.P.); (A.S.); (P.G.L.)
- OsloMet Artificial Intelligence Lab, Pilestredet 52, N-0166 Oslo, Norway
- NordSTAR—Nordic Center for Sustainable and Trustworthy AI Research, Pilestredet 52, N-0166 Oslo, Norway
- Simula Research Laboratory, Numerical Analysis and Scientific Computing, N-0164 Oslo, Norway
| | - Pedro Lencastre
- Department of Computer Science, Oslo Metropolitan University, N-0130 Oslo, Norway; (C.P.); (A.S.); (P.G.L.)
- OsloMet Artificial Intelligence Lab, Pilestredet 52, N-0166 Oslo, Norway
- NordSTAR—Nordic Center for Sustainable and Trustworthy AI Research, Pilestredet 52, N-0166 Oslo, Norway
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Sekar A, Panouillères MTN, Kaski D. Detecting Abnormal Eye Movements in Patients with Neurodegenerative Diseases - Current Insights. Eye Brain 2024; 16:3-16. [PMID: 38617403 PMCID: PMC11015840 DOI: 10.2147/eb.s384769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024] Open
Abstract
This review delineates the ocular motor disturbances across a spectrum of neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer's Disease (AD) and related disorders (ADRD), Parkinson's Disease (PD), atypical parkinsonism, and others, leveraging advancements in eye-tracking technology for enhanced diagnostic precision. We delve into the different classes of eye movements, their clinical assessment, and specific abnormalities manifesting in these diseases, highlighting the nuanced differences and shared patterns. For instance, AD and ADRD are characterized by increased saccadic latencies and instability in fixation, while PD features saccadic hypometria and mild smooth pursuit impairments. Atypical parkinsonism, notably Progressive Supranuclear Palsy (PSP) and Corticobasal Syndrome (CBS), presents with distinct ocular motor signatures such as vertical supranuclear gaze palsy and saccadic apraxia, respectively. Our review underscores the diagnostic value of eye movement analysis in differentiating between these disorders and also posits the existence of underlying common pathological mechanisms. We discuss how eye movements have potential as biomarkers for neurodegenerative diseases but also some of the existing limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akila Sekar
- SENSE Research Unit, Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Muriel T N Panouillères
- NeuroClues, Ottignies-Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
- CIAMS, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - Diego Kaski
- SENSE Research Unit, Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
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Zhang S, Huang X, An R, Xiao W, Wan Q. The application of saccades to assess cognitive impairment among older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Aging Clin Exp Res 2023; 35:2307-2321. [PMID: 37676429 DOI: 10.1007/s40520-023-02546-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Saccade is a novel and feasible method for cognition assessment and has potential to screen older people with cognitive impairment. OBJECTIVES To systematically summarize the evidence and determine whether different saccade parameters can effectively identify patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer's disease (AD). METHODS English and Chinese databases were searched until 19 April 2022. Studies analyzing saccade parameters in older adults with normal cognition, MCI, or AD were included. Two researchers independently performed the screening, data extraction, and quality appraisal. Meta-analyses were conducted and standard mean differences and 95% confidence intervals were estimated with a random effects model. RESULTS Thirty-five studies were included, and 26 studies were pooled for the meta-analysis. The results demonstrated that patients with cognitive impairment exhibited longer latency and lower accuracy rates in the prosaccade and antisaccade tasks, along with lower corrected error rates in the antisaccade tasks. However, the pooled results for antisaccades were more stable, providing the ability to distinguish patients with cognitive impairment among older adults. The results of the subgroup analyses revealed that only the accuracy rates of the antisaccades differed significantly between people with MCI and AD. Regarding the differences between older adults with normal cognition and those with MCI, the effect sizes of latency and the accuracy rates of saccades as well as the corrected error rates of antisaccades were significant. CONCLUSIONS Saccades, especially antisaccades, are a potential screening and assessment tool for distinguishing older adults with MCI or AD from those with normal cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Xiuxiu Huang
- Peking University School of Nursing, Beijing, China
| | - Ran An
- Peking University School of Nursing, Beijing, China
| | - Weizhong Xiao
- Department of Neurology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.
| | - Qiaoqin Wan
- Peking University School of Nursing, Beijing, China.
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Wolf A, Tripanpitak K, Umeda S, Otake-Matsuura M. Eye-tracking paradigms for the assessment of mild cognitive impairment: a systematic review. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1197567. [PMID: 37546488 PMCID: PMC10399700 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1197567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Mild cognitive impairment (MCI), representing the 'transitional zone' between normal cognition and dementia, has become a novel topic in clinical research. Although early detection is crucial, it remains logistically challenging at the same time. While traditional pen-and-paper tests require in-depth training to ensure standardized administration and accurate interpretation of findings, significant technological advancements are leading to the development of procedures for the early detection of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and facilitating the diagnostic process. Some of the diagnostic protocols, however, show significant limitations that hamper their widespread adoption. Concerns about the social and economic implications of the increasing incidence of AD underline the need for reliable, non-invasive, cost-effective, and timely cognitive scoring methodologies. For instance, modern clinical studies report significant oculomotor impairments among patients with MCI, who perform poorly in visual paired-comparison tasks by ascribing less attentional resources to novel stimuli. To accelerate the Global Action Plan on the Public Health Response to Dementia 2017-2025, this work provides an overview of research on saccadic and exploratory eye-movement deficits among older adults with MCI. The review protocol was drafted based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Electronic databases were systematically searched to identify peer-reviewed articles published between 2017 and 2022 that examined visual processing in older adults with MCI and reported gaze parameters as potential biomarkers. Moreover, following the contemporary trend for remote healthcare technologies, we reviewed studies that implemented non-commercial eye-tracking instrumentation in order to detect information processing impairments among the MCI population. Based on the gathered literature, eye-tracking-based paradigms may ameliorate the screening limitations of traditional cognitive assessments and contribute to early AD detection. However, in order to translate the findings pertaining to abnormal gaze behavior into clinical applications, it is imperative to conduct longitudinal investigations in both laboratory-based and ecologically valid settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Wolf
- Cognitive Behavioral Assistive Technology (CBAT), Goal-Oriented Technology Group, RIKEN Center for Advanced Intelligence Project (AIP), Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kornkanok Tripanpitak
- Cognitive Behavioral Assistive Technology (CBAT), Goal-Oriented Technology Group, RIKEN Center for Advanced Intelligence Project (AIP), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Umeda
- Department of Psychology, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mihoko Otake-Matsuura
- Cognitive Behavioral Assistive Technology (CBAT), Goal-Oriented Technology Group, RIKEN Center for Advanced Intelligence Project (AIP), Tokyo, Japan
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Akkoyun M, Koçoğlu K, Eraslan Boz H, Keskinoğlu P, Akdal G. Saccadic Eye Movements in Patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Longitudinal Study. J Mot Behav 2023; 55:354-372. [PMID: 37080551 DOI: 10.1080/00222895.2023.2202620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
Saccadic eye movements are one of the sensitive and noninvasive methods to help monitor the cognitive course of mild cognitive impairment (MCI). The study aimed to evaluate both pro and anti-saccade longitudinally and the relationship between cognitive functions and eye movements in MCI subgroups and healthy controls (HCs) at a two-year follow-up. This study revealed that the anti-saccade anticipatory responses decreased in amnestic MCI (aMCI). Correct vertical pro-saccades increased in non-amnestic MCI (naMCI), while the express saccades decreased. Our study demonstrated that longer than two years of follow-up is necessary to monitor the course of MCI. Findings of the relationships between longitudinal changes of saccades and cognitive measurements demonstrated the usability of eye movements in evaluating the process of MCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Müge Akkoyun
- Department of Neurosciences, Institute of Health Sciences, Dokuz Eylül University, İzmir, Türkiye
| | - Koray Koçoğlu
- Department of Neurosciences, Institute of Health Sciences, Dokuz Eylül University, İzmir, Türkiye
| | - Hatice Eraslan Boz
- Department of Neurosciences, Institute of Health Sciences, Dokuz Eylül University, İzmir, Türkiye
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylül University, İzmir, Türkiye
| | - Pembe Keskinoğlu
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylül University, İzmir, Türkiye
| | - Gülden Akdal
- Department of Neurosciences, Institute of Health Sciences, Dokuz Eylül University, İzmir, Türkiye
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylül University, İzmir, Türkiye
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Peng A, Lai W, Liu Z, Wang M, Chen S, Zhao X, Zhu Y, Chen L. Antisaccadic eye movements in middle-aged individuals with a family history of Alzheimer's disease. Front Hum Neurosci 2023; 17:1143690. [PMID: 37151897 PMCID: PMC10157194 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2023.1143690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Antisaccade is closely associated with cognitive ability in Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, studies regarding antisaccade in the early stages of AD are scarce. Considering that first-degree family history is a well-established risk factor for AD, we explored the influence of family history on the performance of antisaccade tasks in individuals with normal cognition. Methods In total, 44 participants (aged 50-66 years) with a family history of AD (FH+) and 44 age-, gender-, and educational level-matched controls (FH-) were enrolled in our study. After cognitive assessment using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment and Mini-mental State Examination, participants underwent antisaccade trials, and all parameters were recorded using an eye tracker. Results While the average velocity was relatively lower in FH+ individuals than in FH- individuals (107.9 ± 14.3°/s vs. 132.9 ± 23.7°/s, p < 0.001), FH+ individuals surprisingly showed relatively fewer uninhibited reflexive saccades (44.7 ± 26.0% vs. 56.2 ± 24.7%, p = 0.037) than the control group. They also required a relatively shorter time to detect and correct false saccades (121.6 ± 40.7 ms vs. 143.9 ± 37.0 ms, p = 0.023). Conclusions This study showed that family history is associated with alterations in antisaccadic parameters, suggesting that eye tracking can be used to assess oculomotor control and executive function in individuals at risk of developing dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjiao Peng
- Department of Neurology, Joint Research Institute of Altitude Health, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Wanlin Lai
- Department of Neurology, Joint Research Institute of Altitude Health, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhu Liu
- Department of Neurology, Joint Research Institute of Altitude Health, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Mingda Wang
- Department of Clinical Research Management, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Shujuan Chen
- Department of Clinical Research Management, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xia Zhao
- Department of Clinical Research Management, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yuanfeng Zhu
- Department of Clinical Research Management, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Lei Chen
- Department of Neurology, Joint Research Institute of Altitude Health, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- *Correspondence: Lei Chen
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8
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Eraslan Boz H, Koçoğlu K, Akkoyun M, Tüfekci IY, Ekin M, Özçelik P, Akdal G. The influence of stimulus eccentricity on prosaccade outcomes in patients with Alzheimer's Disease dementia at an early stage and amnestic mild cognitive impairment. J Clin Exp Neuropsychol 2022; 44:713-729. [PMID: 36856708 DOI: 10.1080/13803395.2023.2183937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Prosaccade task is a widely used objective method to evaluate reflexive saccade and visual attention. The study aimed to investigate prosaccade stimulus eccentricity, compare prosaccade parameters in patients with Alzheimer's disease dementia (AD), amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI), and neurotypical adults (NA), and examine the relationship between prosaccade and neuropsychological tests. METHODS Thirty patients with AD, 34 with aMCI, and 32 NA were included in the study. Eye movements were recorded with the EyeLink 1000 Plus in the prosaccade task, and this study evaluated cognitive function with comprehensive neuropsychological tests assessing attention, memory, executive function, visuospatial function, and language domains. RESULTS The correct saccade rates of patients with AD were significantly lower than NA in the 5° and 10° stimulus eccentricities. Patients with AD had significantly longer latencies in the 10° stimulus eccentricity than those with aMCI and NA. Patients with aMCI did not differ in prosaccade performance compared to NA. Prosaccade parameters were significantly correlated with all cognitive domains. As the amplitude of the stimuli increased, the rate of correct saccades decreased, while the express saccade rate, latency, amplitude, and peak velocity increased. CONCLUSION Our findings that correct saccade rates and latency may be distinguishing parameters of early AD are promising. This study also found that stimulus eccentricity affects prosaccade measures in AD, MCI, and NA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hatice Eraslan Boz
- Department of Neurosciences, Dokuz Eylül University, Institute of Health Sciences, Izmir, Türkiye.,Department of Neurology, Unit of Neuropsychology, Dokuz Eylül University, Izmir, Türkiye
| | - Koray Koçoğlu
- Department of Neurosciences, Dokuz Eylül University, Institute of Health Sciences, Izmir, Türkiye
| | - Müge Akkoyun
- Department of Neurosciences, Dokuz Eylül University, Institute of Health Sciences, Izmir, Türkiye
| | - Işıl Yağmur Tüfekci
- Department of Neurosciences, Dokuz Eylül University, Institute of Health Sciences, Izmir, Türkiye
| | - Merve Ekin
- Department of Neurosciences, Dokuz Eylül University, Institute of Health Sciences, Izmir, Türkiye
| | - Pınar Özçelik
- Department of Neurosciences, Dokuz Eylül University, Institute of Health Sciences, Izmir, Türkiye
| | - Gülden Akdal
- Department of Neurosciences, Dokuz Eylül University, Institute of Health Sciences, Izmir, Türkiye.,Department of Neurology, Dokuz Eylül University, Izmir, Türkiye
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Hannonen S, Andberg S, Kärkkäinen V, Rusanen M, Lehtola JM, Saari T, Korhonen V, Hokkanen L, Hallikainen M, Hänninen T, Leinonen V, Kaarniranta K, Bednarik R, Koivisto AM. Shortening of Saccades as a Possible Easy-to-Use Biomarker to Detect Risk of Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2022; 88:609-618. [PMID: 35662117 PMCID: PMC9398059 DOI: 10.3233/jad-215551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background: Wide-ranging functional defects in eye movements have been reported in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) dementia. The detection of abnormal eye movements and reading problems may identify persons at risk of AD when clear clinical symptoms are lacking. Objective: To examine whether computer-based eye-tracking (ET) analysis of King-Devick (KD) test results differentiates cognitively healthy persons from persons with minor problems in cognitive testing or diagnosed mild AD. Methods: We recruited 78 participants (57 non-demented, 21 with mild AD) who underwent neurological examination, the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer’s Disease neuropsychological test battery (CERAD-NB), and a Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) interview. The non-demented participants were further divided into control (normal CERAD subtests, mean MMSE = 28) and objective mild cognitive impairment (MCI; decline in at least one CERAD memory score, mean MMSE = 27) groups. The KD reading test was performed using computer-based ET. The total time used for the reading test, errors made, fixation and saccade durations, and saccade amplitudes were analyzed. Results: We found significant differences between the control, objective MCI, and AD groups in regard to the mean saccade amplitude (3.58, 3.33, and 3.21 ms, respectively, p < 0.03) and duration (27.1, 25.3, and 24.8 ms, respectively, p < 0.05). The KD error scores in the AD group differed significantly (p < 0.01) from the other groups. Conclusion: Computed ET analysis of the KD test may help detect persons with objective MCI early when clear clinical symptoms are lacking. The portable device for ET is easy to use in primary health care memory clinics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanna Hannonen
- NeuroCenter, Neurology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Sami Andberg
- School of Computing, University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu, Finland
| | - Virve Kärkkäinen
- NeuroCenter, Neurosurgery, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Minna Rusanen
- NeuroCenter, Neurology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.,Population Health Unit, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Juha-Matti Lehtola
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Toni Saari
- Department of Neurology, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.,School of Educational Sciences and Psychology, University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu, Finland
| | - Ville Korhonen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Laura Hokkanen
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Merja Hallikainen
- NeuroCenter, Neurology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Tuomo Hänninen
- NeuroCenter, Neurology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Ville Leinonen
- NeuroCenter, Neurosurgery, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Kai Kaarniranta
- Department of Ophthalmology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Roman Bednarik
- School of Computing, University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu, Finland
| | - Anne M Koivisto
- NeuroCenter, Neurology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.,Departments of Geriatrics and Neurology, Helsinki University Hospital and Department of Neurosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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10
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Opwonya J, Wang C, Jang KM, Lee K, Kim JI, Kim JU. Inhibitory Control of Saccadic Eye Movements and Cognitive Impairment in Mild Cognitive Impairment. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:871432. [PMID: 35478701 PMCID: PMC9038187 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.871432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) may occur due to several forms of neurodegenerative diseases and non-degenerative conditions and is associated with cognitive impairment that does not affect everyday activities. For a timely diagnosis of MCI to prevent progression to dementia, a screening tool of fast, low-cost and easy access is needed. Recent research on eye movement hints it a potential application for the MCI screening. However, the precise extent of cognitive function decline and eye-movement control alterations in patients with MCI is still unclear. Objective This study examined executive control deficits and saccade behavioral changes in patients with MCI using comprehensive neuropsychological assessment and interleaved saccade paradigms. Methods Patients with MCI (n = 79) and age-matched cognitively healthy controls (HC) (n = 170) completed four saccadic eye-movement paradigms: prosaccade (PS)/antisaccade (AS), Go/No-go, and a battery of neuropsychological tests. Results The findings revealed significantly longer latency in patients with MCI than in HC during the PS task. Additionally, patients with MCI had a lower proportion of correct responses and a marked increase in inhibition errors for both PS/AS and Go/No-go tasks. Furthermore, when patients with MCI made errors, they failed to self-correct many of these inhibition errors. In addition to the increase in inhibition errors and uncorrected inhibition errors, patients with MCI demonstrated a trend toward increased correction latencies. We also showed a relationship between neuropsychological scores and correct and error saccade responses. Conclusion Our results demonstrate that, similar to patients with Alzheimer’s dementia (AD), patients with MCI generate a high proportion of erroneous saccades toward the prepotent target and fail to self-correct many of these errors, which is consistent with an impairment of inhibitory control and error monitoring. Significance The interleaved PS/AS and Go/No-go paradigms are sensitive and objective at detecting subtle cognitive deficits and saccade changes in MCI, indicating that these saccadic eye movement paradigms have clinical potential as a screening tool for MCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julius Opwonya
- Digital Health Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea
- KM Convergence Science, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Changwon Wang
- Digital Health Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Kyoung-Mi Jang
- Medical Data Precision Measurement Team, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Kunho Lee
- Gwangju Alzheimer’s Disease and Related Dementias (GARD) Cohort Research Center, Chosun University, Gwangju, South Korea
- Department of Biomedical Science, Chosun University, Gwangju, South Korea
- Dementia Research Group, Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Joong Il Kim
- Digital Health Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Joong Il Kim,
| | - Jaeuk U. Kim
- Digital Health Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea
- KM Convergence Science, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
- Jaeuk U. Kim,
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11
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Computer-based Eye-tracking Analysis of King-Devick Test Differentiates Persons With Idiopathic Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus From Cognitively Unimpaired. Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord 2022; 36:340-346. [PMID: 36219131 PMCID: PMC9698082 DOI: 10.1097/wad.0000000000000527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Functional defects in eye movements and reduced reading speed in neurodegenerative diseases represent a potential new biomarker to support clinical diagnosis. We investigated whether computer-based eye-tracking (ET) analysis of the King-Devick (KD) test differentiates persons with idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH) from cognitively unimpaired [control (CO)] and persons with Alzheimer's disease (AD). METHODS We recruited 68 participants (37 CO, 10 iNPH, and 21 AD) who underwent neurological examination, the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease neuropsychological test battery (CERAD-NB), and a Clinical Dementia Rating interview. The KD reading test was performed using computer-based ET. We analyzed the total time used for the reading test, number of errors, durations of fixation and saccade, and saccade amplitudes. RESULTS The iNPH group significantly differed from the CO group in the KD test mean total time (CO 69.3 s, iNPH 87.3 s; P ≤0.009) and eye-tracking recording of the mean saccade amplitude (CO 3.6 degree, iNPH 3.2 degree; P ≤0.001). The AD group significantly differed from the CO group in each tested parameter. No significant differences were detected between the iNPH and AD groups. CONCLUSION For the first time, we demonstrated altered reading ability and saccade amplitudes in patients with iNPH.
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12
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Si Y, Wang L, Zhao M. Anti-saccade as a Tool to Evaluate Neurocognitive Impairment in Alcohol Use Disorder. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:823848. [PMID: 35573351 PMCID: PMC9094713 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.823848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been widely shown that chronic alcohol use leads to cognitive dysfunctions, especially inhibitory control. In an extension of the traditional approach, this research field has benefited from the emergence of innovative measures, among which is an anti-saccade, allowing direct and sensitive measure of the eye movements indexing attention bias to alcohol-related cues and the capability of inhibiting the reflexive saccades to the cues. During the past decade, there are numerous reports showing that drinkers make more unwanted reflexive saccades and longer latency in the anti-saccade task. These increased errors are usually explained by the deficits in inhibitory control. It has been demonstrated that inhibitory control on eye movement may be one of the earliest biomarkers of the onset of alcohol-related cognitive impairments. This review summarizes how an anti-saccade task can be used as a tool to investigate and assess the cognitive dysfunctions and the early detection of relapsing risk of alcohol dependence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqi Si
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lihui Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Psychology and Behavioral Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Zhao
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai, China.,CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology (CEBSIT), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
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13
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Lai HY, Saavedra-Pena G, Sodini C, Heldt T, Sze V. App-based saccade latency and directional error determination across the adult age spectrum. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 2021; 69:1029-1039. [PMID: 34529556 DOI: 10.1109/tbme.2021.3112007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
We aid in neurocognitive monitoring outside the hospital environment by enabling app-based measurements of visual reaction time (saccade latency) and directional error rate in a cohort of subjects spanning the adult age spectrum. Methods: We developed an iOS app to record subjects with the frontal camera during pro- and anti-saccade tasks. We further developed automated algorithms for measuring saccade latency and directional error rate that take into account the possibility that it might not always be possible to determine the eye movement from app-based recordings. Results: To measure saccade latency on a tablet, we ensured that the absolute timing error between on-screen task presentation and the camera recording is within 5 ms. We collected over 235,000 eye movements in 80 subjects ranging in age from 20 to 92 years, with 96% of recorded eye movements either declared good or directional errors. Our error detection code achieved a sensitivity of 0.97 and a specificity of 0.97. Confirming prior reports, we observed a positive correlation between saccade latency and age while the relationship between directional error rate and age was not significant. Finally, we observed significant intra- and inter-subject variations in saccade latency and directional error rate distributions, which highlights the importance of individualized tracking of these visual digital biomarkers. Conclusion and Significance: Our system and algorithms allow ubiquitous tracking of saccade latency and directional error rate, which opens up the possibility of quantifying patient state on a finer timescale in a broader population than previously possible.
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14
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Benvenutto A, Guedj E, Felician O, Eusebio A, Azulay JP, Ceccaldi M, Koric L. Clinical Phenotypes in Corticobasal Syndrome with or without Amyloidosis Biomarkers. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 74:331-343. [PMID: 32039846 DOI: 10.3233/jad-190961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Corticobasal syndrome (CBS) is a neuropathologically heterogeneous entity. The use of cerebrospinal fluid and amyloid biomarkers enables detection of underlying Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology. We thus compared clinical, eye movement, and 18FDG-PET imaging characteristics in CBS in two groups of patients divided according to their amyloid biomarkers profile. Fourteen patients presenting with CBS and amyloidosis (CBS-A+) were compared with 16 CBS patients without amyloidosis (CBS-A-). The two groups showed similar motor abnormalities (parkinsonism, dystonia) and global cognitive functions. Unlike CBS-A+ patients who displayed more posterior cortical abnormalities, CBS-A- patients demonstrated more anterior cortical and brain stem dysfunctions on the basis of neuropsychological testing, study of saccade velocities and brain hypometabolism areas on 18FDG-PET. Interestingly, Dopamine Transporter SPECT imaging showed similar levels of dopaminergic degeneration in both groups. These findings confirm common and distinct brain abnormalities between the different neurodegenerative diseases that result in CBS. We demonstrate the importance of a multidisciplinary approach to improve diagnosis in vivo in particular on oculomotor examination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnès Benvenutto
- Department of Neurology and Neuropsychology, and CMMR PACA Ouest, CHU Timone, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, Marseille, France
| | - Eric Guedj
- Department of Nuclear Medecine, CHU Timone, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, Marseille, France.,CERIMED, Aix-Marseille Univ, Marseille, France.,Aix Marseille Univ, UMR 7249, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, Institut Fresnel, Marseille, France
| | - Olivier Felician
- Department of Neurology and Neuropsychology, and CMMR PACA Ouest, CHU Timone, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, Marseille, France.,Aix-Marseille Univ, INSERM UMR 1106, Institut de Neurosciences des Systèmes, Marseille, France
| | - Alexandre Eusebio
- Department of Neurology and Movement Disorders Department, CHU Timone, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, Marseille, France.,Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, INT, Institut Neurosciences Timone, Marseille, France
| | - Jean-Philippe Azulay
- Department of Neurology and Movement Disorders Department, CHU Timone, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, Marseille, France.,Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, INT, Institut Neurosciences Timone, Marseille, France
| | - Mathieu Ceccaldi
- Department of Neurology and Neuropsychology, and CMMR PACA Ouest, CHU Timone, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, Marseille, France.,Aix-Marseille Univ, INSERM UMR 1106, Institut de Neurosciences des Systèmes, Marseille, France
| | - Lejla Koric
- Department of Neurology and Neuropsychology, and CMMR PACA Ouest, CHU Timone, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, Marseille, France.,Aix Marseille Univ, UMR 7249, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, Institut Fresnel, Marseille, France
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15
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Pereira MLGDF, Camargo MVZDA, Bellan AFR, Tahira AC, Dos Santos B, Dos Santos J, Machado-Lima A, Nunes FLS, Forlenza OV. Visual Search Efficiency in Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer's Disease: An Eye Movement Study. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 75:261-275. [PMID: 32250291 DOI: 10.3233/jad-190690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Visual search abilities are essential to everyday life activities and are known to be affected in Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, little is known about visual search efficiency in mild cognitive impairment (MCI), a transitive state between normal aging and dementia. Eye movement studies and machine learning methods have been recently used to detect oculomotor impairments in individuals with dementia. OBJECTIVE The aim of the present study is to investigate the association between eye movement metrics and visual search impairment in MCI and AD. METHODS 127 participants were tested: 43 healthy controls, 51 with MCI, and 33 with AD. They completed an eyetracking visual search task where they had to find a previously seen target stimulus among distractors. RESULTS Both patient groups made more fixations on the screen when searching for a target, with longer duration than controls. MCI and AD fixated the distractors more often and for a longer period of time than the target. Healthy controls were quicker and made less fixations when scanning the stimuli for the first time. Machine-learning methods were able to distinguish between controls and AD subjects and to identify MCI subjects with a similar oculomotor profile to AD with a good accuracy. CONCLUSION Results showed that eye movement metrics are useful for identifying visual search impairments in MCI and AD, with possible implications in the early identification of individuals with high-risk of developing AD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marina von Zuben de Arruda Camargo
- Laboratório de Neurociências (LIM-27), Departamento e Instituto de Psiquiatria HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Ariella Fornachari Ribeiro Bellan
- Laboratório de Neurociências (LIM-27), Departamento e Instituto de Psiquiatria HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina Tahira
- Laboratório de Neurociências (LIM-27), Departamento e Instituto de Psiquiatria HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.,LIM-23, Departamento e Instituto de Psiquiatria HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Jéssica Dos Santos
- Laboratório de Aplicações de Informática em Saúde, Escola de Artes, Ciências e Humanidades, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Ariane Machado-Lima
- Laboratório de Aplicações de Informática em Saúde, Escola de Artes, Ciências e Humanidades, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Fátima L S Nunes
- Laboratório de Aplicações de Informática em Saúde, Escola de Artes, Ciências e Humanidades, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Orestes Vicente Forlenza
- Laboratório de Neurociências (LIM-27), Departamento e Instituto de Psiquiatria HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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16
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Opwonya J, Doan DNT, Kim SG, Kim JI, Ku B, Kim S, Park S, Kim JU. Saccadic Eye Movement in Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer's Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Neuropsychol Rev 2021; 32:193-227. [PMID: 33959887 PMCID: PMC9090874 DOI: 10.1007/s11065-021-09495-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the leading cause of dementia, and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is considered the transitional state to AD dementia (ADD) and other types of dementia, whose symptoms are accompanied by altered eye movement. In this work, we reviewed the existing literature and conducted a meta-analysis to extract relevant eye movement parameters that are significantly altered owing to ADD and MCI. We conducted a systematic review of 35 eligible original publications in saccade paradigms and a meta-analysis of 27 articles with specified task conditions, which used mainly gap and overlap conditions in both prosaccade and antisaccade paradigms. The meta-analysis revealed that prosaccade and antisaccade latencies and frequency of antisaccade errors showed significant alterations for both MCI and ADD. First, both prosaccade and antisaccade paradigms differentiated patients with ADD and MCI from controls, however, antisaccade paradigms was more effective than prosaccade paradigms in distinguishing patients from controls. Second, during prosaccade in the gap and overlap conditions, patients with ADD had significantly longer latencies than patients with MCI, and the trend was similar during antisaccade in the gap condition as patients with ADD had significantly more errors than patients with MCI. The anti-effect magnitude was similar between controls and patients, and the magnitude of the latency of the gap effect varied among healthy controls and MCI and ADD subjects, but the effect size of the latency remained large in both patients. These findings suggest that, using gap effect, anti-effect, and specific choices of saccade paradigms and conditions, distinctions could be made between MCI and ADD patients as well as between patients and controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julius Opwonya
- Future Medicine Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Korean Convergence Medicine, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Dieu Ni Thi Doan
- Future Medicine Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Korean Convergence Medicine, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Seul Gee Kim
- Future Medicine Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Joong Il Kim
- Future Medicine Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Boncho Ku
- Future Medicine Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Soochan Kim
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Hankyong National University, Anseong, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunju Park
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Daejeon University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jaeuk U Kim
- Future Medicine Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
- Korean Convergence Medicine, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
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17
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Koçoğlu K, Hodgson TL, Eraslan Boz H, Akdal G. Deficits in saccadic eye movements differ between subtypes of patients with mild cognitive impairment. J Clin Exp Neuropsychol 2021; 43:187-198. [PMID: 33792489 DOI: 10.1080/13803395.2021.1900077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is known to be heterogeneous in its cognitive features and course of progression. Whilst memory impairment is characteristic of amnestic MCI (aMCI), cognitive deficits other than memory can occur in both aMCI and non-amnestic MCI (naMCI) and accurate assessment of the subtypes of MCI is difficult for clinicians without the application of extensive neuropsychological testing. In this study, we examine metrics derived from recording of reflexive and voluntary saccadic eye movements as a potential alternative method for discriminating between subtypes and assessing cognitive functions in MCI.Method: A total of 29 MCI patients and 29 age- and education-matched healthy controls (HCs) participated in the cross-sectional study. We recorded horizontal and vertical pro-saccades and anti-saccade responses. All the participants also completed a comprehensive neuropsychological tests battery.Results: Significant differences in saccadic eye movement were found between the subtypes of MCI and HCs. Patients with aMCI had a higher percentage of short latency "express" saccades than HCs. We found strong associations between saccadic reaction times and cognitive domains, including executive functions and attention. The mini-mental state examination (MMSE) was also found to correlate with uncorrected errors in the anti-saccade task.Conclusions: The increased proportion of saccades in the express latency range in aMCI may be indicative of problems with cognitive inhibitory control in these patients. A focus on this and other saccade metrics in the preclinical and prodromal stages of dementia may help to predict the clinical progression of the disease and direct interventions for the management of MCI. The clinical significance of saccadic eye movement impairments in MCI is not yet fully understood and should be investigated in further studies using larger samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koray Koçoğlu
- Department of Neurosciences, Institute of Health Sciences, Dokuz Eylül University, İzmir, Turkey
| | | | - Hatice Eraslan Boz
- Department of Neurosciences, Institute of Health Sciences, Dokuz Eylül University, İzmir, Turkey.,Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylül University, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Gülden Akdal
- Department of Neurosciences, Institute of Health Sciences, Dokuz Eylül University, İzmir, Turkey.,Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylül University, İzmir, Turkey
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18
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Wu SZ, Masurkar AV, Balcer LJ. Afferent and Efferent Visual Markers of Alzheimer's Disease: A Review and Update in Early Stage Disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2020; 12:572337. [PMID: 33061906 PMCID: PMC7518395 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2020.572337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Vision, which requires extensive neural involvement, is often impaired in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Over the last few decades, accumulating evidence has shown that various visual functions and structures are compromised in Alzheimer's dementia and when measured can detect those with dementia from those with normal aging. These visual changes involve both the afferent and efferent parts of the visual system, which correspond to the sensory and eye movement aspects of vision, respectively. There are fewer, but a growing number of studies, that focus on the detection of predementia stages. Visual biomarkers that detect these stages are paramount in the development of successful disease-modifying therapies by identifying appropriate research participants and in identifying those who would receive future therapies. This review provides a summary and update on common afferent and efferent visual markers of AD with a focus on mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and preclinical disease detection. We further propose future directions in this area. Given the ease of performing visual tests, the accessibility of the eye, and advances in ocular technology, visual measures have the potential to be effective, practical, and non-invasive biomarkers of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirley Z. Wu
- Department of Neurology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Ophthalmology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Arjun V. Masurkar
- Department of Neurology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Laura J. Balcer
- Department of Neurology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Ophthalmology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Population Health, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
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19
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Laurens B, Planche V, Cubizolle S, Declerck L, Dupouy S, Formaglio M, Koric L, Seassau M, Tilikete C, Vighetto A, Ceccaldi M, Tison F. A Spatial Decision Eye-Tracking Task in Patients with Prodromal and Mild Alzheimer’s Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2019; 71:613-621. [DOI: 10.3233/jad-190549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Brice Laurens
- Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, Bordeaux, France
- CHU de Bordeaux, Centre Mémoire de Ressources et de Recherches, Pôle de Neurosciences Cliniques, Bordeaux, France
| | - Vincent Planche
- Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, Bordeaux, France
- CHU de Bordeaux, Centre Mémoire de Ressources et de Recherches, Pôle de Neurosciences Cliniques, Bordeaux, France
| | - Stéphanie Cubizolle
- Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, Bordeaux, France
| | - Léa Declerck
- Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, Bordeaux, France
| | - Sandrine Dupouy
- Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, Bordeaux, France
- CHU de Bordeaux, Centre Mémoire de Ressources et de Recherches, Pôle de Neurosciences Cliniques, Bordeaux, France
| | - Maïté Formaglio
- Département de Neurologie cognitive et de Neuro-ophtalmologie, Université Lyon 1 et Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, Bron, France
| | - Lejla Koric
- Département de Neurologie et de Neuropsychologie, Aix Marseille Université, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Marseille, Marseille, France
| | | | - Caroline Tilikete
- Département de Neurologie cognitive et de Neuro-ophtalmologie, Université Lyon 1 et Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, Bron, France
| | - Alain Vighetto
- Département de Neurologie cognitive et de Neuro-ophtalmologie, Université Lyon 1 et Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, Bron, France
| | - Mathieu Ceccaldi
- Département de Neurologie et de Neuropsychologie, Aix Marseille Université, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Marseille, Marseille, France
| | - Françcois Tison
- Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, Bordeaux, France
- CHU de Bordeaux, Centre Mémoire de Ressources et de Recherches, Pôle de Neurosciences Cliniques, Bordeaux, France
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20
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Wilcockson TDW, Mardanbegi D, Xia B, Taylor S, Sawyer P, Gellersen HW, Leroi I, Killick R, Crawford TJ. Abnormalities of saccadic eye movements in dementia due to Alzheimer's disease and mild cognitive impairment. Aging (Albany NY) 2019; 11:5389-5398. [PMID: 31375642 PMCID: PMC6710064 DOI: 10.18632/aging.102118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Background: There is increasing evidence that people in the early stages of Alzheimer's disease (AD) have subtle impairments in cognitive inhibition that can be detected by using relatively simple eye-tracking paradigms, but these subtle impairments are often missed by traditional cognitive assessments. People with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) are at an increased likelihood of dementia due to AD. No study has yet investigated and contrasted the MCI subtypes in relation to eye movement performance. Methods: In this work we explore whether eye-tracking impairments can distinguish between patients with the amnesic and the non-amnesic variants of MCI. Participants were 68 people with dementia due to AD, 42 had a diagnosis of aMCI, and 47 had a diagnosis of naMCI, and 92 age-matched cognitively healthy controls. Results: The findings revealed that eye-tracking can distinguish between the two forms of MCI. Conclusions: The work provides further support for eye-tracking as a useful diagnostic biomarker in the assessment of dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas D W Wilcockson
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK.,Psychology Department, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
| | - Diako Mardanbegi
- Computing and Communications Department, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
| | - Baiqiang Xia
- Faculty of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Simon Taylor
- Maths and Statistics Department, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
| | - Pete Sawyer
- Engineering & Applied Science, Aston University, Birmingham, UK
| | - Hans W Gellersen
- Computing and Communications Department, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
| | - Ira Leroi
- Global Brain Health Institute, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland.,Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.,Greater Manchester Mental Health NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Rebecca Killick
- Maths and Statistics Department, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
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21
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Khan RB, Sadighi ZS, Russell K, Ashford JM, Merchant TE, Conklin HM. Bedside Antisaccades: A Time-Efficient Method to Assess Cognition. Pediatr Neurol 2019; 97:74-75. [PMID: 31047759 PMCID: PMC6635030 DOI: 10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2019.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Revised: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Raja B. Khan
- Division of Neurology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Zsila S. Sadighi
- Division of Neurology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Kathryn Russell
- Department of Psychology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Jason M. Ashford
- Department of Psychology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Thomas E. Merchant
- Department of Radiation Oncology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Heather M. Conklin
- Department of Psychology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
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22
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Lai HY, Saavedra-Pena G, Sodini CG, Sze V, Heldt T. Measuring Saccade Latency Using Smartphone Cameras. IEEE J Biomed Health Inform 2019; 24:885-897. [PMID: 31056528 DOI: 10.1109/jbhi.2019.2913846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Accurate quantification of neurodegenerative disease progression is an ongoing challenge that complicates efforts to understand and treat these conditions. Clinical studies have shown that eye movement features may serve as objective biomarkers to support diagnosis and tracking of disease progression. Here, we demonstrate that saccade latency-an eye movement measure of reaction time-can be measured robustly outside of the clinical environment with a smartphone camera. METHODS To enable tracking of saccade latency in large cohorts of patients and control subjects, we combined a deep convolutional neural network for gaze estimation with a model-based approach for saccade onset determination that provides automated signal-quality quantification and artifact rejection. RESULTS Simultaneous recordings with a smartphone and a high-speed camera resulted in negligible differences in saccade latency distributions. Furthermore, we demonstrated that the constraint of chinrest support can be removed when recording healthy subjects. Repeat smartphone-based measurements of saccade latency in 11 self-reported healthy subjects resulted in an intraclass correlation coefficient of 0.76, showing our approach has good to excellent test-retest reliability. Additionally, we conducted more than 19 000 saccade latency measurements in 29 self-reported healthy subjects and observed significant intra- and inter-subject variability, which highlights the importance of individualized tracking. Lastly, we showed that with around 65 measurements we can estimate mean saccade latency to within less-than-10-ms precision, which takes within 4 min with our setup. CONCLUSION AND SIGNIFICANCE By enabling repeat measurements of saccade latency and its distribution in individual subjects, our framework opens the possibility of quantifying patient state on a finer timescale in a broader population than previously possible.
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