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Grabrucker S, Marizzoni M, Silajdžić E, Lopizzo N, Mombelli E, Nicolas S, Dohm-Hansen S, Scassellati C, Moretti DV, Rosa M, Hoffmann K, Cryan JF, O’Leary OF, English JA, Lavelle A, O’Neill C, Thuret S, Cattaneo A, Nolan YM. Microbiota from Alzheimer's patients induce deficits in cognition and hippocampal neurogenesis. Brain 2023; 146:4916-4934. [PMID: 37849234 PMCID: PMC10689930 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awad303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease is a complex neurodegenerative disorder leading to a decline in cognitive function and mental health. Recent research has positioned the gut microbiota as an important susceptibility factor in Alzheimer's disease by showing specific alterations in the gut microbiome composition of Alzheimer's patients and in rodent models. However, it is unknown whether gut microbiota alterations are causal in the manifestation of Alzheimer's symptoms. To understand the involvement of Alzheimer's patient gut microbiota in host physiology and behaviour, we transplanted faecal microbiota from Alzheimer's patients and age-matched healthy controls into microbiota-depleted young adult rats. We found impairments in behaviours reliant on adult hippocampal neurogenesis, an essential process for certain memory functions and mood, resulting from Alzheimer's patient transplants. Notably, the severity of impairments correlated with clinical cognitive scores in donor patients. Discrete changes in the rat caecal and hippocampal metabolome were also evident. As hippocampal neurogenesis cannot be measured in living humans but is modulated by the circulatory systemic environment, we assessed the impact of the Alzheimer's systemic environment on proxy neurogenesis readouts. Serum from Alzheimer's patients decreased neurogenesis in human cells in vitro and were associated with cognitive scores and key microbial genera. Our findings reveal for the first time, that Alzheimer's symptoms can be transferred to a healthy young organism via the gut microbiota, confirming a causal role of gut microbiota in Alzheimer's disease, and highlight hippocampal neurogenesis as a converging central cellular process regulating systemic circulatory and gut-mediated factors in Alzheimer's.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Grabrucker
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Ireland
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Ireland
| | - Moira Marizzoni
- Biological Psychiatry Unit, IRCCS Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging and Alzheimer’s Epidemiology, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Edina Silajdžić
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, King’s College London, SE5 9NU London, UK
| | - Nicola Lopizzo
- Biological Psychiatry Unit, IRCCS Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Elisa Mombelli
- Biological Psychiatry Unit, IRCCS Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Sarah Nicolas
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Ireland
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Ireland
| | - Sebastian Dohm-Hansen
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Ireland
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Ireland
- INFANT Research Centre, University College Cork, T12 DC4A Cork, Ireland
| | | | | | - Melissa Rosa
- Biological Psychiatry Unit, IRCCS Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Karina Hoffmann
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, King’s College London, SE5 9NU London, UK
| | - John F Cryan
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Ireland
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Ireland
| | - Olivia F O’Leary
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Ireland
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Ireland
| | - Jane A English
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Ireland
- INFANT Research Centre, University College Cork, T12 DC4A Cork, Ireland
| | - Aonghus Lavelle
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Ireland
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Ireland
| | - Cora O’Neill
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Ireland
- School of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, BioSciences Institute, University College Cork, T12 YT20 Cork, Ireland
| | - Sandrine Thuret
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, King’s College London, SE5 9NU London, UK
| | - Annamaria Cattaneo
- Biological Psychiatry Unit, IRCCS Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Yvonne M Nolan
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Ireland
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Ireland
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2
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Sodhi K, Pratt R, Wang X, Lakhani HV, Pillai SS, Zehra M, Wang J, Grover L, Henderson B, Denvir J, Liu J, Pierre S, Nelson T, Shapiro JI. Role of adipocyte Na,K-ATPase oxidant amplification loop in cognitive decline and neurodegeneration. iScience 2021; 24:103262. [PMID: 34755095 PMCID: PMC8564125 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.103262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies suggest that a western diet may contribute to clinical neurodegeneration and dementia. Adipocyte-specific expression of the Na,K-ATPase signaling antagonist, NaKtide, ameliorates the pathophysiological consequences of murine experimental obesity and renal failure. In this study, we found that a western diet produced systemic oxidant stress along with evidence of activation of Na,K-ATPase signaling within both murine brain and peripheral tissues. We also noted this diet caused increases in circulating inflammatory cytokines as well as behavioral, and brain biochemical changes consistent with neurodegeneration. Adipocyte specific NaKtide affected by a doxycycline on/off expression system ameliorated all of these diet effects. These data suggest that a western diet produces cognitive decline and neurodegeneration through augmented Na,K-ATPase signaling and that antagonism of this pathway in adipocytes ameliorates the pathophysiology. If this observation is confirmed in humans, the adipocyte Na,K-ATPase may serve as a clinical target in the therapy of neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Komal Sodhi
- Departments of Medicine, Surgery, and Biomedical Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25755, USA
| | - Rebecca Pratt
- Departments of Medicine, Surgery, and Biomedical Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25755, USA
| | - Xiaoliang Wang
- Departments of Medicine, Surgery, and Biomedical Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25755, USA
| | - Hari Vishal Lakhani
- Departments of Medicine, Surgery, and Biomedical Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25755, USA
| | - Sneha S. Pillai
- Departments of Medicine, Surgery, and Biomedical Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25755, USA
| | - Mishghan Zehra
- Departments of Medicine, Surgery, and Biomedical Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25755, USA
| | - Jiayan Wang
- Departments of Medicine, Surgery, and Biomedical Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25755, USA
| | - Lawrence Grover
- Departments of Medicine, Surgery, and Biomedical Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25755, USA
| | - Brandon Henderson
- Departments of Medicine, Surgery, and Biomedical Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25755, USA
| | - James Denvir
- Departments of Medicine, Surgery, and Biomedical Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25755, USA
| | - Jiang Liu
- Departments of Medicine, Surgery, and Biomedical Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25755, USA
| | - Sandrine Pierre
- Departments of Medicine, Surgery, and Biomedical Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25755, USA
| | - Thomas Nelson
- Departments of Medicine, Surgery, and Biomedical Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25755, USA
| | - Joseph I. Shapiro
- Departments of Medicine, Surgery, and Biomedical Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25755, USA
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3
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Hu KW, Fan HF, Lin HC, Huang JW, Chen YC, Shen CL, Shih YH, Tu LH. Exploring the Impact of Glyoxal Glycation on β-Amyloid Peptide (Aβ) Aggregation in Alzheimer's Disease. J Phys Chem B 2021; 125:5559-5571. [PMID: 34019761 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.1c02797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by the presence of extracellular senile plaques formed by β-amyloid (Aβ) peptides in the patient's brain. Previous studies have shown that the plaques in the AD brains are colocalized with the advanced glycation end products, which is mainly formed from a series of nonenzymatic reactions of proteins with reducing sugars or reactive dicarbonyls. Glycation was also demonstrated to increase the neurotoxicity of the Aβ peptides. To clarify the impact of glycation on Aβ aggregation, we synthesized two glycated Aβ42 peptides by replacing Lys16 and Lys28 with Nε-carboxymethyllysine respectively to mimic the occurrence of protein glycation. Afterward, we monitored the aggregation kinetics and conformational change for two glycated peptides. We also used fluorescence correlation spectroscopy to probe the early stage of peptide oligomerization and tested their abilities in copper binding and reactive oxygen species production. Our data show that glycation significantly slows down the aggregation process and induces more cytotoxicity especially at position 28. We speculated that the higher toxicity might result from a relatively stable oligomeric form of peptide and not from ROS production. The data shown here emphasized that glycated proteins would be an important therapeutic target in AD treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Wei Hu
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Hsiu-Fang Fan
- Institute of Medical Science and Technology, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 800, Taiwan
| | - Han-Chen Lin
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 800, Taiwan
| | - Jian-Wei Huang
- Institute of Medical Science and Technology, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 800, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chieh Chen
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Cai-Ling Shen
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Yao-Hsiang Shih
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 800, Taiwan
| | - Ling-Hsien Tu
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 100, Taiwan
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Kanchi PK, Dasmahapatra AK. Enhancing the binding of the β-sheet breaker peptide LPFFD to the amyloid-β fibrils by aromatic modifications: A molecular dynamics simulation study. Comput Biol Chem 2021; 92:107471. [PMID: 33706107 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiolchem.2021.107471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's is a fatal neurodegenerative disease for which there is no cure at present. The disease is characterized by the presence of plaques in the brains of a patient, which are composed mainly of aggregates of the amyloid-β peptide in the form of β-sheet fibrils. Here, we investigated the possibility of exploiting the superior binding ability of aromatic amino acids to a particular model of the amyloid-β fibrils. which is a difficult target for drug design. The β-sheet breaker peptide LPFFD was modified with aromatic amino acids and its binding to these fibrils was studied. We found that the orientation and the electrostatic complementarity of the modified peptide with respect to the fibrils played a crucial role in determining whether its binding was improved by the aromatic amino acids. The modified LPFFD peptides were able to bind to those fibril residues. which are important in the aggregation of amyloid-β peptides and thus can potentially inhibit the further aggregation of the amyloid-beta peptides by blocking their interactions. We found that the tryptophan modified LPFFD peptides had the best binding affinities. In most cases, the aromatic amino acids in the N-terminus of the modified peptides made more contacts with the fibrils than those in the C-terminus. We also found that increasing the aromatic content did not significantly improve the binding of the LPFFD peptide to the fibrils. Our study can serve as a basis for the design of novel peptide-based drugs for Alzheimer's disease in which aromatic interactions play an important role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavan Krishna Kanchi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, 781039, Assam, India
| | - Ashok Kumar Dasmahapatra
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, 781039, Assam, India; Center for Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, 781039, Assam, India.
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5
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Huffman SE, Yawson GK, Fisher SS, Bothwell PJ, Platt DC, Jones MA, Hamaker CG, Webb MI. Ruthenium(iii) complexes containing thiazole-based ligands that modulate amyloid-β aggregation. Metallomics 2020; 12:491-503. [PMID: 32239079 DOI: 10.1039/d0mt00054j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is a devastating neurodegenerative disorder where one of the commonly observed pathological hallmarks is extracellular deposits of the peptide amyloid-β (Aβ). These deposits contain a high concentration of metals and initially presented a promising target for therapy; however it has become increasingly evident that the soluble form of the peptide is neurotoxic, not the amyloidogenic species. Metal-based therapeutics are uniquely suited to target soluble Aβ and have shown considerable promise to prevent the aggregation and induced cytotoxicity of the peptide in vitro. Herein, we have prepared a small series of derivatives of two promising Ru(iii) complexes NAMI-A (imidazolium [trans-RuCl4(1H-imidazole)(dimethyl sulfoxide-S)]) and PMRU20 (2-aminothiazolium [trans-RuCl4(2-aminothiazole)2]), to determine structure-activity relationships (SAR) for Ru(iii) therapeutics for AD. Using the three complementary methods of Thioflavin T fluorescence, dynamic light scattering (DLS), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), it was determined that the symmetry around the metal center did not significantly impact the activity of the complexes, but rather the attached thiazole ligand(s) mitigated Aβ aggregation. Across both families of Ru(iii) complexes the determined SAR for the functional groups on the thiazole ligands to modulate Aβ aggregation were NH2 > CH3 > H. These results highlight the importance of secondary interactions between the metallotherapeutic and the Aβ peptide where hydrogen-bonding has the greatest impact on modulating Aβ aggregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha E Huffman
- Department of Chemistry, Illinois State University, Normal, IL, 61790-4160, USA.
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6
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Przygońska K, Pacewicz M, Sadowska W, Poznański J, Bal W, Dadlez M. His6, His13, and His14 residues in Aβ 1-40 peptide significantly and specifically affect oligomeric equilibria. Sci Rep 2019; 9:9449. [PMID: 31263161 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-45988-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Oligomers of Aβ peptide are implicated as the most probable causative agent in Alzheimer’s disease. However, their structural properties remain elusive due to the dynamic and heterogeneous character of oligomeric species coexisting in solution. Nevertheless, new approaches, mainly based on mass spectrometry, provide unique access to these different structural forms. Using these methods, we previously showed that the N-terminal, non-amyloidogenic region of Aβ is involved in the network of interactions specifically stabilizing oligomers. In the present study, we identified three histidine residues as active participants in this network. Detailed knowledge of the structural features that are potentially important for oligomer-mediated neurotoxicity is a prerequisite for the rational design of oligomerization modifiers.
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7
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Salimi A, Li H, Shi H, Lee JY. Intrinsic origin of amyloid aggregation: Behavior of histidine (εεε) and (δδδ) tautomer homodimers of Aβ (1–40). Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2019; 1863:795-801. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2019.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Revised: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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8
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Coskuner-Weber O, Uversky VN. Alanine Scanning Effects on the Biochemical and Biophysical Properties of Intrinsically Disordered Proteins: A Case Study of the Histidine to Alanine Mutations in Amyloid-β42. J Chem Inf Model 2019; 59:871-884. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.8b00926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Orkid Coskuner-Weber
- Molecular Biotechnology, Turkish-German University, Sahinkaya Caddesi, No. 86, Beykoz, Istanbul 34820, Turkey
| | - Vladimir N. Uversky
- Department of Molecular Medicine and USF Health Byrd Alzheimer’s Research Institute, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33612, United States
- Institute for Biological Instrumentation, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142290 Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russia
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9
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Zhang X, Huai Y, Cai J, Song C, Zhang Y. Novel antibody against oligomeric amyloid-β: Insight into factors for effectively reducing the aggregation and cytotoxicity of amyloid-β aggregates. Int Immunopharmacol 2018; 67:176-185. [PMID: 30553911 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2018.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Revised: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Amyloid-beta 42 (Aβ42) aggregates represent a prominent histopathological feature in Alzheimer's disease (AD); thus, immunotherapy against oligomeric Aβ42 aggregates is considered to be a potentially safe and specific therapeutic strategy. In this study, we identified an anti-oligomeric Aβ42 aggregate single-chain variable fragment (scFv) antibody, HT6, that is capable of efficiently binding to medium-sized Aβ42 aggregates (mainly 18-45 kDa) in vitro with an equilibrium dissociation constant (KD) of 3.0 × 10-6 M, whether they were derived from Aβ42 monomer, larger Aβ42 oligomers, or even fibrils. This ability allowed scFv HT6 to induce the gradual disassembly of large Aβ42 aggregates into small Aβ42 oligomers while simultaneously effectively inhibiting the further development of Aβ42 aggregates. Moreover, the scFv HT6-targeted conformational region on Aβ42 aggregates was found to be more local and relatively close to the N-terminus of Aβ42; thus, scFv HT6 significantly delayed or even prevented the aggregation of Aβ42 protofibrils, while significantly reducing the cytotoxicity of Aβ42 oligomers. Overall, this study demonstrate that even though the decrease in the cytotoxicity of Aβ42 aggregates might be closely related to the reduction in Aβ42 aggregates and vice versa, the reduction in Aβ42 aggregates might not necessarily be accompanied by or followed by the reduction or even elimination of the cytotoxicity of Aβ42 aggregates. This insight enriches the diversity of anti-oligomeric Aβ42 antibodies, further providing a new understanding into the relationship between their binding pattern to Aβ42 aggregates and the efficacy against their formation, offering a therapeutic strategy to delay the progression of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoning Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yangyang Huai
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jing Cai
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, China; China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Chuli Song
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yingjiu Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, China; School of Life Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China.
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10
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D'Andrea C, Foti A, Cottat M, Banchelli M, Capitini C, Barreca F, Canale C, de Angelis M, Relini A, Maragò OM, Pini R, Chiti F, Gucciardi PG, Matteini P. Nanoscale Discrimination between Toxic and Nontoxic Protein Misfolded Oligomers with Tip-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy. Small 2018; 14:e1800890. [PMID: 30091859 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201800890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Revised: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Highly toxic protein misfolded oligomers associated with neurological disorders such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases are nowadays considered primarily responsible for promoting synaptic failure and neuronal death. Unraveling the relationship between structure and neurotoxicity of protein oligomers appears pivotal in understanding the causes of the pathological process, as well as in designing novel diagnostic and therapeutic strategies tuned toward the earliest and presymptomatic stages of the disease. Here, it is benefited from tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (TERS) as a surface-sensitive tool with spatial resolution on the nanoscale, to inspect the spatial organization and surface character of individual protein oligomers from two samples formed by the same polypeptide sequence and different toxicity levels. TERS provides direct assignment of specific amino acid residues that are exposed to a large extent on the surface of toxic species and buried in nontoxic oligomers. These residues, thanks to their outward disposition, might represent structural factors driving the pathogenic behavior exhibited by protein misfolded oligomers, including affecting cell membrane integrity and specific signaling pathways in neurodegenerative conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiano D'Andrea
- IFAC-CNR, Institute of Applied Physics "Nello Carrara,", National Research Council, Via Madonna del Piano 10, I-50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Antonino Foti
- IPCF-CNR, Institute for Chemical and Physical Processes, National Research Council, Viale F. Stagno D'Alcontres 37, I-98158, Messina, Italy
| | - Maximilien Cottat
- IFAC-CNR, Institute of Applied Physics "Nello Carrara,", National Research Council, Via Madonna del Piano 10, I-50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Martina Banchelli
- IFAC-CNR, Institute of Applied Physics "Nello Carrara,", National Research Council, Via Madonna del Piano 10, I-50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Claudia Capitini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Viale Morgagni 50, I-50134, Firenze, Italy
| | - Francesco Barreca
- Department of MIFT, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno d'Alcontres 31, I-98166, Messina, Italy
| | - Claudio Canale
- Department of Physics, University of Genoa, Via Dodecaneso 33, I-16146, Genova, Italy
| | - Marella de Angelis
- IFAC-CNR, Institute of Applied Physics "Nello Carrara,", National Research Council, Via Madonna del Piano 10, I-50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Annalisa Relini
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Genoa, Via Dodecaneso 31, I-16146, Genova, Italy
| | - Onofrio M Maragò
- IPCF-CNR, Institute for Chemical and Physical Processes, National Research Council, Viale F. Stagno D'Alcontres 37, I-98158, Messina, Italy
| | - Roberto Pini
- IFAC-CNR, Institute of Applied Physics "Nello Carrara,", National Research Council, Via Madonna del Piano 10, I-50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Chiti
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Viale Morgagni 50, I-50134, Firenze, Italy
| | - Pietro G Gucciardi
- IPCF-CNR, Institute for Chemical and Physical Processes, National Research Council, Viale F. Stagno D'Alcontres 37, I-98158, Messina, Italy
| | - Paolo Matteini
- IFAC-CNR, Institute of Applied Physics "Nello Carrara,", National Research Council, Via Madonna del Piano 10, I-50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
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11
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Przygońska K, Poznański J, Mistarz UH, Rand KD, Dadlez M. Side-chain moieties from the N-terminal region of Aβ are Involved in an oligomer-stabilizing network of interactions. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0201761. [PMID: 30080867 PMCID: PMC6078298 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0201761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Oligomeric forms of the Aβ peptide represent the most probable neurotoxic agent in Alzheimer’s disease. The dynamic and heterogeneous character of these oligomers makes their structural characterization by classic methods difficult. Native mass spectrometry, when supported by additional gas phase techniques, like ion mobility separation and hydrogen-deuterium exchange (IM-HDX-MS), enable analysis of different oligomers coexisting in the sample and may provide species-specific structural information for each oligomeric form populated in the gas phase. Here, we have combined these three techniques to obtain insight into the structural properties of oligomers of Aβ1–40 and two variants with scrambled sequences. Gas-phase HDX-MS revealed a sequence-specific engagement of the side-chains of residues located at the N-terminal part of the peptide in a network of oligomer-stabilizing interactions. Oligomer-specific interactions were no longer observed in the case of the fully scrambled sequence. Also, the ability to form alternative structures, observed for WT Aβ peptide, was lost upon scrambling. Our data underscore a role for the N-terminal residues in shaping the equilibria of oligomeric forms. Although the peptide lacking the N-terminal 1–16 residues (p3 peptide) is thought to be benign, the role of the N-terminus has not been sufficiently characterized yet. We speculate that the interaction networks revealed here may be crucial for enabling structural transitions necessary to obtain mature parallel cross-β structures from smaller antiparallel oligomers. We provide a hypothetical molecular model of the trajectory that allows a gradual conversion from antiparallel to parallel oligomers without decomposition of oligomers. Oligomer-defining interactions involving the Aβ peptide N-terminus may be important in production of the neurotoxic forms and thus should not be neglected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaja Przygońska
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jarosław Poznański
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ulrik H. Mistarz
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kasper D. Rand
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Michał Dadlez
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
- Institute of Genetics and Biotechnology, Department of Biology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
- * E-mail:
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12
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Jamasbi E, Separovic F, Hossain MA, Ciccotosto GD. Phosphorylation of a full length amyloid-β peptide modulates its amyloid aggregation, cell binding and neurotoxic properties. Mol Biosyst 2018. [PMID: 28642958 DOI: 10.1039/c7mb00249a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Amyloid beta peptide (Aβ) is the major protein component of the amyloid plaques that are present in the brains of Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients. Aβ42 peptide is a known neurotoxic agent that binds to neurons and, under specific aggregation conditions, triggers cell death. Aβ peptide can undergo specific amino acid posttranslational modifications, such as phosphorylation, that are important for modulating its proteolytic degradation, aggregation, binding to lipid membranes and neurotoxic functions. Peptides phosphorylated at serine 8 in full-length Aβ42 (pAβ42) were synthesised and compared to native Aβ42 peptide. Their secondary structures, aggregation properties and interactions with plasma membranes of primary cortical neurons were investigated. The results revealed that pAβ42 has increased β-sheet formation with rapid amyloid formation in a synthetic lipid environment, which was associated with increased cellular binding but concomitant diminished neurotoxicity. Our data support the notion that phosphorylation of Aβ42 promotes the formation of amyloid plaques in the brain, which lack the neurotoxic properties associated with oligomeric species causing pathogenesis in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaheh Jamasbi
- School of Chemistry and Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Frances Separovic
- School of Chemistry and Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Mohammed Akhter Hossain
- School of Chemistry and Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia and The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia.
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Jamasbi E, Hossain MA, Tan M, Separovic F, Ciccotosto GD. Fluorescence imaging of the interaction of amyloid beta 40 peptides with live cells and model membrane. Biochim Biophys Acta Biomembr 2018; 1860:1609-1615. [PMID: 29408451 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2018.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Revised: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Amyloid beta peptides (Aβ) found in plaques in the brain have been widely recognised as a hallmark of Alzheimer's disease although the underlying mechanism is still unknown. Aβ40 and Aβ40(A2T) peptides were synthesized and their effects on neuronal cells are reported together with the effect of tetramer forms of the peptides. ThT assay revealed that mutation affected the lag time and aggregation and the presence of lipid vesicles changed the fibril formation profile for both peptides. The A2T mutation appeared to reduce cytotoxicity and lessen binding of Aβ40 peptides to neuronal cells. Fluorescence microscopy of the interaction between Aβ40 peptides and giant unilamellar vesicles revealed that both peptides led to formation of smaller vesicles although the tetramer of Aβ(A2T) appeared to promote vesicle aggregation. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Protein Aggregation and Misfolding at the Cell Membrane Interface edited by Ayyalusamy Ramamoorthy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaheh Jamasbi
- School of Chemistry, Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Mohammed Akhter Hossain
- School of Chemistry, Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia; The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Marsha Tan
- Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Frances Separovic
- School of Chemistry, Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia.
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14
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Kalhor HR, Jabbari MP. Inhibition Mechanisms of a Pyridazine-Based Amyloid Inhibitor: As a β-Sheet Destabilizer and a Helix Bridge Maker. J Phys Chem B 2017; 121:7633-7645. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.7b05189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hamid R. Kalhor
- Biochemistry Research Laboratory,
Department of Chemistry, Sharif University of Technology, PO Box: 11365-11155, Tehran, Iran
| | - M. Parsa Jabbari
- Biochemistry Research Laboratory,
Department of Chemistry, Sharif University of Technology, PO Box: 11365-11155, Tehran, Iran
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15
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Cappai R. 'From past to future' - deciphering the molecular basis of Alzheimer's disease through the pages of the Journal of Neurochemistry. J Neurochem 2016; 139 Suppl 2:215-223. [PMID: 26996965 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.13546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Revised: 12/31/2015] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The Journal of Neurochemistry has made significant contributions to unraveling the molecular basis for Alzheimer's disease during its 60-year history. To mark its 60th anniversary, this review describes the association between the journal and Alzheimer's disease research - from the early years when Alzheimer's disease was a minor topic in the journal through to the molecular era in the mid-1980s. This coincided with a number of the highly cited Alzheimer's disease studies which described fundamental aspects of the neurochemistry of Alzheimer's disease and encompassed the themes of oxidative stress and post-translational modifications, cholinergic system, tau, purification of Aβ, defining the Aβ toxic species, mechanism of amyloid precursor protein processing, and the development of diagnostics and therapeutics. The Journal of Neurochemistry has made significant contributions toward unraveling the molecular, cellular and pathological basis of Alzheimer's disease through its 60 years. This article is part of the 60th Anniversary special issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Cappai
- Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
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16
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Hanaki M, Murakami K, Akagi KI, Irie K. Structural insights into mechanisms for inhibiting amyloid β42 aggregation by non-catechol-type flavonoids. Bioorg Med Chem 2016; 24:304-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2015.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2015] [Revised: 12/08/2015] [Accepted: 12/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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17
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Martins IJ. Overnutrition Determines LPS Regulation of Mycotoxin Induced Neurotoxicity in Neurodegenerative Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:29554-73. [PMID: 26690419 PMCID: PMC4691133 DOI: 10.3390/ijms161226190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2015] [Revised: 11/19/2015] [Accepted: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic neurodegenerative diseases are now associated with obesity and diabetes and linked to the developing and developed world. Interests in healthy diets have escalated that may prevent neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's and Alzheimer's disease. The global metabolic syndrome involves lipoprotein abnormalities and insulin resistance and is the major disorder for induction of neurological disease. The effects of bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS) on dyslipidemia and NAFLD indicate that the clearance and metabolism of fungal mycotoxins are linked to hypercholesterolemia and amyloid beta oligomers. LPS and mycotoxins are associated with membrane lipid disturbances with effects on cholesterol interacting proteins, lipoprotein metabolism, and membrane apo E/amyloid beta interactions relevant to hypercholesterolemia with close connections to neurological diseases. The influence of diet on mycotoxin metabolism has accelerated with the close association between mycotoxin contamination from agricultural products such as apple juice, grains, alcohol, and coffee. Cholesterol efflux in lipoproteins and membrane cholesterol are determined by LPS with involvement of mycotoxin on amyloid beta metabolism. Nutritional interventions such as diets low in fat/carbohydrate/cholesterol have become of interest with relevance to low absorption of lipophilic LPS and mycotoxin into lipoproteins with rapid metabolism of mycotoxin to the liver with the prevention of neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian James Martins
- Centre of Excellence in Alzheimer's Disease Research and Care, School of Medical Sciences, Edith Cowan University, 270 Joondalup Drive, Joondalup 6027, Australia.
- School of Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands 6009, Australia.
- McCusker Alzheimer's Research Foundation, Hollywood Medical Centre, 85 Monash Avenue, Suite 22, Nedlands 6009, Australia.
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18
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Ott S, Dziadulewicz N, Crowther DC. Iron is a specific cofactor for distinct oxidation- and aggregation-dependent Aβ toxicity mechanisms in a Drosophila model. Dis Model Mech 2015; 8:657-67. [PMID: 26035384 PMCID: PMC4486857 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.019042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2014] [Accepted: 04/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Metals, including iron, are present at high concentrations in amyloid plaques in individuals with Alzheimer's disease, where they are also thought to be cofactors in generating oxidative stress and modulating amyloid formation. In this study, we present data from several Drosophila models of neurodegenerative proteinopathies indicating that the interaction between iron and amyloid beta peptide (Aβ) is specific and is not seen for other aggregation-prone polypeptides. The interaction with iron is likely to be important in the dimerisation of Aβ and is mediated by three N-terminal histidines. Transgenic fly lines systematically expressing all combinations of His>Ala substitutions in Aβ were generated and used to study the pathological role of these residues. Developmental eye phenotypes, longevity and histological examinations indicate that the N-terminal histidines have distinct position-dependent and -independent mechanisms. The former mediate the toxic effects of metals and Aβ aggregation under non-oxidising conditions and the latter are relevant under oxidising conditions. Understanding how Aβ mediates neurotoxic effects in vivo will help to better target pathological pathways using aggregation blockers and metal-modifying agents. Highlighted Article: Iron plays a specific role in amyloid beta peptide (Aβ) toxicity in a Drosophila model system. Aβ and iron exhibit distinct toxicity mechanisms in oxidising and non-oxidising environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanislav Ott
- Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EH, UK
| | - Nikolas Dziadulewicz
- Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EH, UK
| | - Damian C Crowther
- Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EH, UK MedImmune Limited, Aaron Klug Building, Granta Park, Cambridge CB21 6GH, UK
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19
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Rao PPN, Mohamed T, Teckwani K, Tin G. Curcumin Binding to Beta Amyloid: A Computational Study. Chem Biol Drug Des 2015; 86:813-20. [PMID: 25776887 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.12552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2015] [Accepted: 03/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Praveen P. N. Rao
- School of Pharmacy, Health Sciences Campus; University of Waterloo; 200 University Avenue West Waterloo ON N2L3G1 Canada
| | - Tarek Mohamed
- School of Pharmacy, Health Sciences Campus; University of Waterloo; 200 University Avenue West Waterloo ON N2L3G1 Canada
- Department of Chemistry; University of Waterloo; 200 University Avenue West Waterloo ON N2L3G1 Canada
| | - Karan Teckwani
- School of Pharmacy, Health Sciences Campus; University of Waterloo; 200 University Avenue West Waterloo ON N2L3G1 Canada
- Department of Chemistry; University of Waterloo; 200 University Avenue West Waterloo ON N2L3G1 Canada
| | - Gary Tin
- School of Pharmacy, Health Sciences Campus; University of Waterloo; 200 University Avenue West Waterloo ON N2L3G1 Canada
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20
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Venkatasubramaniam A, Drude A, Good T. Role of N-terminal residues in Aβ interactions with integrin receptor and cell surface. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Biomembranes 2014; 1838:2568-77. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2014.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2014] [Revised: 05/26/2014] [Accepted: 06/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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21
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Heffern MC, Velasco PT, Matosziuk LM, Coomes JL, Karras C, Ratner MA, Klein WB, Eckermann AL, Meade TJ. Modulation of amyloid-β aggregation by histidine-coordinating Cobalt(III) Schiff base complexes. Chembiochem 2014; 15:1584-9. [PMID: 24961930 PMCID: PMC4166533 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201402201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Oligomers of the Aβ42 peptide are significant neurotoxins linked to Alzheimer's disease (AD). Histidine (His) residues present at the N terminus of Aβ42 are believed to influence toxicity by either serving as metal-ion binding sites (which promote oligomerization and oxidative damage) or facilitating synaptic binding. Transition metal complexes that bind to these residues and modulate Aβ toxicity have emerged as therapeutic candidates. Cobalt(III) Schiff base complexes (Co-sb) were evaluated for their ability to interact with Aβ peptides. HPLC-MS, NMR, fluorescence, and DFT studies demonstrated that Co-sb complexes could interact with the His residues in a truncated Aβ16 peptide representing the Aβ42 N terminus. Coordination of Co-sb complexes altered the structure of Aβ42 peptides and promoted the formation of large soluble oligomers. Interestingly, this structural perturbation of Aβ correlated to reduced synaptic binding to hippocampal neurons. These results demonstrate the promise of Co-sb complexes in anti-AD therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie C. Heffern
- Departments of Chemistry, Molecular Biosciences, Neurobiology, Biomedical Engineering, and Radiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208-3113, USA
| | - Pauline T. Velasco
- Department of Neurobiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208-3113, USA
| | - Lauren M. Matosziuk
- Departments of Chemistry, Molecular Biosciences, Neurobiology, Biomedical Engineering, and Radiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208-3113, USA
| | - Joseph L. Coomes
- Departments of Chemistry, Molecular Biosciences, Neurobiology, Biomedical Engineering, and Radiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208-3113, USA
| | - Constantine Karras
- Departments of Chemistry, Molecular Biosciences, Neurobiology, Biomedical Engineering, and Radiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208-3113, USA
| | - Mark A. Ratner
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208-3113, USA
| | - William B. Klein
- Department of Neurobiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208-3113, USA
| | - Amanda L. Eckermann
- Departments of Chemistry, Molecular Biosciences, Neurobiology, Biomedical Engineering, and Radiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208-3113, USA
| | - Thomas J. Meade
- Departments of Chemistry, Molecular Biosciences, Neurobiology, Biomedical Engineering, and Radiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208-3113, USA
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22
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Wong BX, Hung YH, Bush AI, Duce JA. Metals and cholesterol: two sides of the same coin in Alzheimer's disease pathology. Front Aging Neurosci 2014; 6:91. [PMID: 24860500 PMCID: PMC4030154 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2014.00091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2014] [Accepted: 04/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a multifactorial neurodegenerative disease. It begins years prior to the onset of clinical symptoms, such as memory loss and cognitive decline. Pathological hallmarks of AD include the accumulation of β-amyloid in plaques and hyperphosphorylated tau in neurofibrillary tangles. Copper, iron, and zinc are abnormally accumulated and distributed in the aging brain. These metal ions can adversely contribute to the progression of AD. Dysregulation of cholesterol metabolism has also been implicated in the development of AD pathology. To date, large bodies of research have been carried out independently to elucidate the role of metals or cholesterol on AD pathology. Interestingly, metals and cholesterol affect parallel molecular and biochemical pathways involved in AD pathology. The possible links between metal dyshomeostasis and altered brain cholesterol metabolism in AD are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruce X Wong
- Oxidation Biology Unit, The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Ya Hui Hung
- Oxidation Biology Unit, The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Ashley I Bush
- Oxidation Biology Unit, The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - James A Duce
- Oxidation Biology Unit, The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne Parkville, VIC, Australia ; School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds Leeds, North Yorkshire, UK
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23
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Nisbet RM, Nuttall SD, Robert R, Caine JM, Dolezal O, Hattarki M, Pearce LA, Davydova N, Masters CL, Varghese JN, Streltsov VA. Structural studies of the tethered N-terminus of the Alzheimer's disease amyloid-β peptide. Proteins 2013; 81:1748-58. [PMID: 23609990 DOI: 10.1002/prot.24312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2013] [Revised: 03/28/2013] [Accepted: 04/03/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease is the most common form of dementia in humans and is related to the accumulation of the amyloid-β (Aβ) peptide and its interaction with metals (Cu, Fe, and Zn) in the brain. Crystallographic structural information about Aβ peptide deposits and the details of the metal-binding site is limited owing to the heterogeneous nature of aggregation states formed by the peptide. Here, we present a crystal structure of Aβ residues 1-16 fused to the N-terminus of the Escherichia coli immunity protein Im7, and stabilized with the fragment antigen binding fragment of the anti-Aβ N-terminal antibody WO2. The structure demonstrates that Aβ residues 10-16, which are not in complex with the antibody, adopt a mixture of local polyproline II-helix and turn type conformations, enhancing cooperativity between the two adjacent histidine residues His13 and His14. Furthermore, this relatively rigid region of Aβ (residues, 10-16) appear as an almost independent unit available for trapping metal ions and provides a rationale for the His13-metal-His14 coordination in the Aβ1-16 fragment implicated in Aβ metal binding. This novel structure, therefore, has the potential to provide a foundation for investigating the effect of metal ion binding to Aβ and illustrates a potential target for the development of future Alzheimer's disease therapeutics aimed at stabilizing the N-terminal monomer structure, in particular residues His13 and His14, and preventing Aβ metal-binding-induced neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca M Nisbet
- Materials Science and Engineering & Preventative Health Flagship, CSIRO, Parkville, Victoria, 3052, Australia
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24
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Harris F, Dennison SR, Phoenix DA. Aberrant action of amyloidogenic host defense peptides: a new paradigm to investigate neurodegenerative disorders? FASEB J 2012; 26:1776-81. [PMID: 22308196 DOI: 10.1096/fj.11-199208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Host defense peptides (HDPs) are components of the innate immune system with activity against a broad range of microbes. In some cases, it appears that this activity is mediated by the ability of these peptides to permeabilize microbial membranes via the formation of amyloid associated structures. Recent evidence suggests that the naturally occurring function of the Aβ40 and Aβ42 peptides, which are causative agents of Alzheimer's disease, may be to serve as amyloidogenic HDPs. Here, it is hypothesized that the neurotoxicity of these peptides is related to aberrant use of their amyloid-mediated antimicrobial mechanisms, which provides the as yet unexplored paradigm of a relationship among HDPs, neurodegenerative disorders, and other conditions that could contribute to their understanding and remediation.
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25
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Arispe N, Diaz J, Durell SR, Shafrir Y, Guy HR. Polyhistidine peptide inhibitor of the Abeta calcium channel potently blocks the Abeta-induced calcium response in cells. Theoretical modeling suggests a cooperative binding process. Biochemistry 2010; 49:7847-53. [PMID: 20690616 DOI: 10.1021/bi1006833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
On the basis of the consistent demonstrations that the Abeta peptide of Alzheimer's disease forms calcium permeant channels in artificial membranes, we have proposed that the intracellular calcium increase observed in cells exposed to Abeta is initiated by calcium fluxes through Abeta channels. We have found that a small four-histidine peptide, NAHis04, potently inhibits the Abeta-induced calcium channel currents in artificial lipid membranes. Here we report that NaHis04 also potently blocks the intracellular calcium increase which is observed in cells exposed to Abeta. PC12 cells loaded with Fura-2AM show a rapid increase in fluorescence and a rapid return to baseline after Abeta is added to the medium. This fluorescence change occurs even when the medium contains nitrendipine, a voltage-gated calcium channel blocker, but fails to occur when application of Abeta is preceded by addition of NAHis04. Steep dose-response curves of the percentage of responding cells and cell viability show that NAHis04 inhibits in the micromolar range in an apparently cooperative manner. We have developed numerous models of Abeta pores in which the first part of the Abeta sequence forms a large beta-barrel ending at His 13. We have modeled how up to four NAHis04 peptides may block these types of pores by binding to side chains of Abeta residues Glu 11, His 13, and His 14.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nelson Arispe
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Genetics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland 20814, USA.
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