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Li W, Cao X, Liang Q, Li Y, Zhou C, Du J, Xie S. Gender differences in cognitive improvements after two months of atypical antipsychotic treatment in first episode schizophrenia. Front Psychiatry 2024; 15:1369532. [PMID: 38742135 PMCID: PMC11089100 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1369532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Aims This study aims to explore the gender differences in cognitive improvements after two months of atypical antipsychotic treatment in first episode schizophrenia (FES). Methods 82 patients with FES, including 50 male patients and 32 female patients, were enrolled in the present study. Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) and MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery (MCCB) were respectively conducted to evaluate the clinical symptoms and cognitive function of patients with FES at baseline and after treatment. Repeated measure ANOVA was performed to compare gender differences in cognitive domains scores between baseline and 2-month follow-up. Stepwise liner regression model was performed to explore the effect factors of cognitive improvements in patients. Results There was no significant difference in age of onset, education years, PANSS scores, duration of untreated psychosis and Olanzapine equivalent doses between male and female patients (all p > 0.05). In the comparisons of cognition function, male patients exhibited better performance in social cognition compared with female patients at baseline (t = 3.20, p < 0.05). After treatment, improvements of attention/vigilance and working memory were both found in male patients and female patients (attention/vigilance, F = 11.867, p < 0.05; working memory, F = 18.265, p < 0.05). In addition, improvement of speed of information processing was only found in female patients (F = 11.65, p < 0.01). Significant interaction between time and gender was found in speed information of processing (F = 4.140, p = 0.045). Stepwise liner regression model revealed that improvements of negative symptoms promote improvements of cognitive function in female patients (all p < 0.05). Conclusions Our findings revealed gender differences of cognitive improvements in patients with FES after 2-month treatment. It provides new evidence for gender differences in cognitive symptoms of schizophrenia, and also provides preliminary clues for further individualized cognitive intervention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Jinglun Du
- Department of Psychiatry, Affiliated Nanjing Brain Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shiping Xie
- Department of Psychiatry, Affiliated Nanjing Brain Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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Liu Y, Hang X, Zhang Y, Fang Y, Yuan S, Zhang Y, Wu B, Kong Y, Kuang Z, Sun W. Maternal immune activation induces sex-dependent behavioral differences in a rat model of schizophrenia. Front Psychiatry 2024; 15:1375999. [PMID: 38659461 PMCID: PMC11040086 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1375999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Maternal immune activation (MIA) is a mature means to construct a schizophrenia model. However, some preclinical studies have reported that a MIA-induced schizophrenia model seemed to have gender heterogeneity in behavioral phenotype. On the other hand, the MIA's paradigms were diverse in different studies, and many details could affect the effect of MIA. To some extent, it is not credible and scientific to directly compare the gender differences of different MIA programs. Therefore, it is necessary to study whether the sex of the exposed offspring leads to behavioral differences on the premise of maintaining a consistent MIA mode. Methods An animal model of schizophrenia was established by the administration of 10 mg/kg Poly (I: C) when dams were on day 9 of gestation. Then, a number of female and male offspring completed a series of behavioral tests during postnatal days 61-75. Results Compared with the female control group (n = 14), female MIA offspring (n = 12) showed a longer movement distance (d = 1.07, p < 0.05) and higher average speed (d = 1.08, p < 0.05) in the open field test (OFT). In the Y maze test, the percentage of entering the novel arm of female MIA offspring was lower (d = 0.92, p < 0.05). Compared with the male control group (n = 14), male MIA offspring (n = 13) displayed less movement distance (d = 0.93, p < 0.05) and a lower average speed (d = 0.94, p < 0.05) in the OFT. In the Y maze test, the proportion of exploration time in the novel arm of male MIA offspring was lower (d = 0.96, p < 0.05). In the EPM, male MIA offspring showed less time (d = 0.85, p < 0.05) and a lower percentage of time spent in the open arms (d = 0.85, p < 0.05). Male MIA offspring also had a lower PPI index (76 dB + 120 dB, d = 0.81, p < 0.05; 80 dB + 120 dB, d = 1.45, p < 0.01). Conclusions Our results showed that the behavioral phenotypes induced by prenatal immune activation were highly dependent on the sex of the offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunxia Liu
- The Third Clinical Medical College, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyi Hang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yijie Zhang
- The Third Clinical Medical College, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yilin Fang
- The Third Clinical Medical College, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Shanfang Yuan
- The Third Clinical Medical College, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Encephalopathy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Third Affiliated Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Wu
- The Third Clinical Medical College, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Kong
- The Third Clinical Medical College, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Zihe Kuang
- The Third Clinical Medical College, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Wenjun Sun
- Department of Encephalopathy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Third Affiliated Hospital, Beijing, China
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Serra-Navarro M, Amoretti S, Verdolini N, Forte MF, Sánchez-Torres AM, Vieta E, Clougher D, Lobo A, González-Pinto A, Panadero R, Roldán A, Carvalho AF, de la Serna E, Toll A, Ramos-Quiroga JA, Torrent C, Cuesta MJ, Bernardo M. Corrigendum: Influence of clinical and neurocognitive factors in psychosocial functioning after a first episode non-affective psychosis: differences between males and females. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1200313. [PMID: 37383614 PMCID: PMC10299165 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1200313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023] Open
Abstract
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.982583.].
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Serra-Navarro
- Bipolar and Depressive Disorders Unit, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Institute of Neurosciences, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Center for Mental Health Network (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Silvia Amoretti
- Bipolar and Depressive Disorders Unit, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Institute of Neurosciences, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Center for Mental Health Network (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Spain
- Barcelona Clinic Schizophrenia Unit, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Neuroscience Institute, August Pi I Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Psychiatric Genetics Unit, Group of Psychiatry, Mental Health and Addictions, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Norma Verdolini
- Bipolar and Depressive Disorders Unit, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Institute of Neurosciences, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Center for Mental Health Network (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Spain
- Local Health Unit Umbria 1, Department of Mental Health, Mental Health Center of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - María Florencia Forte
- Bipolar and Depressive Disorders Unit, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Institute of Neurosciences, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Barcelona Clinic Schizophrenia Unit, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Neuroscience Institute, August Pi I Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana M. Sánchez-Torres
- Department of Psychiatry, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Eduard Vieta
- Bipolar and Depressive Disorders Unit, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Institute of Neurosciences, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Center for Mental Health Network (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Derek Clougher
- Bipolar and Depressive Disorders Unit, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Institute of Neurosciences, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Antonio Lobo
- Biomedical Research Networking Center for Mental Health Network (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Medicine and Psychiatry, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza University, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Ana González-Pinto
- Biomedical Research Networking Center for Mental Health Network (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Spain
- Araba University Hospital, Bioaraba Research Institute, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry, University of the Basque Country (UPV-EHU), Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Rocío Panadero
- Biomedical Research Networking Center for Mental Health Network (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, School of Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Universidad Complutense, IiSGM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alexandra Roldán
- Biomedical Research Networking Center for Mental Health Network (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica-Sant Pau (IIB-SANT PAU), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - André F. Carvalho
- Innovation in Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Treatment (IMPACT), School of Medicine, Barwon Health, The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Elena de la Serna
- Biomedical Research Networking Center for Mental Health Network (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology, 2017SGR881, Institut Clínic de Neurociències, Hospital Clínic Universitari, CIBERSAM, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Department of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alba Toll
- Biomedical Research Networking Center for Mental Health Network (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Spain
- Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - J. A. Ramos-Quiroga
- Biomedical Research Networking Center for Mental Health Network (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Spain
- Psychiatric Genetics Unit, Group of Psychiatry, Mental Health and Addictions, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry and Legal Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Carla Torrent
- Bipolar and Depressive Disorders Unit, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Institute of Neurosciences, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Center for Mental Health Network (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Manuel J. Cuesta
- Department of Psychiatry, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Miguel Bernardo
- Biomedical Research Networking Center for Mental Health Network (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Spain
- Barcelona Clinic Schizophrenia Unit, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Neuroscience Institute, August Pi I Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Martinho FP, Magalhães D, Felício R, Ferreira TF, Jorge S. Obsessive-compulsive symptoms in first episode psychosis and risk states: Systematic review with meta-analysis. Schizophr Res 2023; 255:41-51. [PMID: 36958269 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2023.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND HYPOTHESIS Recent studies have reported high prevalences of obsessive-compulsive symptoms and obsessive-compulsive disorder in at risk and first-episode psychosis patients. This sparked an interest in the effect of these symptoms in the clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients. However these studies have never been formally meta-analyzed. STUDY DESIGN Systematic review and meta-analysis of prevalence of obsessive-compulsive symptoms and obsessive-compulsive disorder in at risk and first-episode psychosis patients and comparison of clinical characteristics and outcomes in patients with and without obsessive-compulsive symptoms. STUDY RESULTS Obsessive-compulsive disorder was present in 7.9 % (5.9 to 10.0 %) and 10.5 % (8.3 to 12.8 %) and obsessive-compulsive symptoms in 21.4 % (8.3 to 38.2 %) and 34.0 % (26.3 to 42.1 %) of at risk and first episode psychosis patients respectively. The prevalences of obsessive-compulsive symptoms had high heterogeneity due in part to different measurement methods and cut-off values. Similar ages of onset for OCS and psychosis symptoms were found (mean difference - 0.49 years, 95 % CI -1.74 to 0.77). Patients with obsessive-compulsive symptoms had statistically insignificant higher Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (positive subscale) scores and marginally higher depression scores. There were no differences between both groups in age of onset, Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (negative subscale) score, risk of conversion to psychosis, anxiety score, suicide rate, and functionality score. CONCLUSIONS Obsessive-compulsive disorder and obsessive-compulsive symptoms are very prevalent in at risk and first-episode psychosis patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daniela Magalhães
- Hospital Prof. Doutor Fernando Fonseca, IC19, 2720-276 Amadora, Portugal.
| | - Rita Felício
- Hospital Prof. Doutor Fernando Fonseca, IC19, 2720-276 Amadora, Portugal.
| | | | - Susana Jorge
- Hospital Prof. Doutor Fernando Fonseca, IC19, 2720-276 Amadora, Portugal.
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Serra-Navarro M, Amoretti S, Verdolini N, Forte MF, Sánchez-Torres AM, Vieta E, Clougher D, Lobo A, González-Pinto A, Panadero R, Roldán A, Carvalho AF, de la Serna E, Toll A, Ramos-Quiroga JA, Torrent C, Cuesta MJ, Bernardo M. Influence of clinical and neurocognitive factors in psychosocial functioning after a first episode non-affective psychosis: Differences between males and females. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:982583. [PMID: 36339856 PMCID: PMC9632657 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.982583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Deficits in psychosocial functioning are present in the early stages of psychosis. Several factors, such as premorbid adjustment, neurocognitive performance, and cognitive reserve (CR), potentially influence functionality. Sex differences are observed in individuals with psychosis in multiple domains. Nonetheless, few studies have explored the predictive factors of poor functioning according to sex in first-episode psychosis (FEP). This study aimed to explore sex differences, examine changes, and identify predictors of functioning according to sex after onset. MATERIALS AND METHODS The initial sample comprised 588 individuals. However, only adults with non-affective FEP (n = 247, 161 males and 86 females) and healthy controls (n = 224, 142 males and 82 females) were included. A comprehensive assessment including functional, neuropsychological, and clinical scales was performed at baseline and at 2-year follow-up. A linear regression model was used to determine the predictors of functioning at 2-year follow-up. RESULTS FEP improved their functionality at follow-up (67.4% of both males and females). In males, longer duration of untreated psychosis (β = 0.328, p = 0.003) and worse premorbid adjustment (β = 0.256, p = 0.023) were associated with impaired functioning at 2-year follow-up, while in females processing speed (β = 0.403, p = 0.003), executive function (β = 0.299, p = 0.020) and CR (β = -0.307, p = 0.012) were significantly associated with functioning. CONCLUSION Our data indicate that predictors of functioning at 2-year follow-up in the FEP group differ according to sex. Therefore, treatment and preventative efforts may be adjusted taking sex into account. Males may benefit from functional remediation at early stages. Conversely, in females, early interventions centered on CR enhancement and cognitive rehabilitation may be recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Serra-Navarro
- Bipolar and Depressive Disorders Unit, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Institute of Neurosciences, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,Biomedical Research Networking Center for Mental Health Network (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Silvia Amoretti
- Bipolar and Depressive Disorders Unit, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Institute of Neurosciences, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,Biomedical Research Networking Center for Mental Health Network (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Spain.,Barcelona Clinic Schizophrenia Unit, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Neuroscience Institute, August Pi I Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Psychiatric Genetics Unit, Group of Psychiatry, Mental Health and Addictions, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Norma Verdolini
- Bipolar and Depressive Disorders Unit, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Institute of Neurosciences, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,Biomedical Research Networking Center for Mental Health Network (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Spain.,Local Health Unit Umbria 1, Department of Mental Health, Mental Health Center of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - María Florencia Forte
- Bipolar and Depressive Disorders Unit, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Institute of Neurosciences, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,Barcelona Clinic Schizophrenia Unit, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Neuroscience Institute, August Pi I Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana M Sánchez-Torres
- Department of Psychiatry, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Eduard Vieta
- Bipolar and Depressive Disorders Unit, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Institute of Neurosciences, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,Biomedical Research Networking Center for Mental Health Network (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Derek Clougher
- Bipolar and Depressive Disorders Unit, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Institute of Neurosciences, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Antonio Lobo
- Biomedical Research Networking Center for Mental Health Network (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Medicine and Psychiatry, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza University, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Ana González-Pinto
- Biomedical Research Networking Center for Mental Health Network (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Spain.,Araba University Hospital, Bioaraba Research Institute, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain.,Department of Psychiatry, University of the Basque Country (UPV-EHU), Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Rocío Panadero
- Biomedical Research Networking Center for Mental Health Network (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, School of Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Universidad Complutense, IiSGM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alexandra Roldán
- Biomedical Research Networking Center for Mental Health Network (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Psychiatry, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica-Sant Pau (IIB-SANT PAU), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - André F Carvalho
- Innovation in Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Treatment (IMPACT), School of Medicine, Barwon Health, The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Elena de la Serna
- Biomedical Research Networking Center for Mental Health Network (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology, 2017SGR881, Institut Clínic de Neurociències, Hospital Clínic Universitari, CIBERSAM, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Department of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alba Toll
- Biomedical Research Networking Center for Mental Health Network (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Spain.,Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - J A Ramos-Quiroga
- Biomedical Research Networking Center for Mental Health Network (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Spain.,Psychiatric Genetics Unit, Group of Psychiatry, Mental Health and Addictions, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,Department of Psychiatry and Legal Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Carla Torrent
- Bipolar and Depressive Disorders Unit, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Institute of Neurosciences, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,Biomedical Research Networking Center for Mental Health Network (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Manuel J Cuesta
- Department of Psychiatry, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Miguel Bernardo
- Biomedical Research Networking Center for Mental Health Network (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Spain.,Barcelona Clinic Schizophrenia Unit, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Neuroscience Institute, August Pi I Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Zorkina Y, Morozova A, Abramova O, Reznik A, Kostyuk G. Sex differences in social functioning of patients with schizophrenia depending on the age of onset and severity of the disease. Early Interv Psychiatry 2021; 15:1197-1209. [PMID: 33040482 DOI: 10.1111/eip.13063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
AIM Schizophrenia manifests differently in women and men. This disease starts at a young age, leads to disability at working age. The aim of our work was to study sex differences, association between social factors and different parameters of the clinical picture and the course of the disease. METHODS This study was performed using population of Russian patients (men: 345, women: 310). Patients were examined using DSM-V, Bush-Francis catatonia rating scale (BFCRS), Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), 4-Items Negative Symptoms Assessment (NSA-4) and Frontal Assessment Battery (FAB). RESULTS Sex differences were mainly shown through negative symptoms, which were more severe in male patients. Men were shown to experience a decrease in social functioning and earlier age of onset. A positive family history further influenced negative symptoms and age of onset. When comparing scores before and after inpatient treatment (4 weeks), sex differences were not so pronounced. Female patients and patients with high levels of education, no conflictual relationship with family and active labour activity showed a later age of onset of the prodromal events and manifestation age. The decrease in the number of social contacts correlated with lower age of disability. The association between social factors and the severity of psychotic symptoms was shown across DSM-V, PANSS, NSA-4 and FAB, but not for BFCRS. Social factors were associated with negative symptoms of schizophrenia, but not with positive. CONCLUSION For successful treatment of patients with schizophrenia, the discussed factors must be considered and schizophrenia treatment methods should be primarily aimed at improving social functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yana Zorkina
- Department of Basic and Applied Neurobiology, V.P. Serbsky Federal Medical Research Centre of Psychiatry and Narcology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anna Morozova
- Department of Basic and Applied Neurobiology, V.P. Serbsky Federal Medical Research Centre of Psychiatry and Narcology, Moscow, Russia.,N.A. Alekseev Psychiatric Clinical Hospital № 1, Moscow, Russia
| | - Olga Abramova
- Department of Basic and Applied Neurobiology, V.P. Serbsky Federal Medical Research Centre of Psychiatry and Narcology, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Georgiy Kostyuk
- N.A. Alekseev Psychiatric Clinical Hospital № 1, Moscow, Russia
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Morimoto C, Uematsu A, Nakatani H, Takano Y, Iwashiro N, Abe O, Yamasue H, Kasai K, Koike S. Volumetric differences in gray and white matter of cerebellar Crus I/II across the different clinical stages of schizophrenia. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2021; 75:256-264. [PMID: 34081816 DOI: 10.1111/pcn.13277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
AIM Schizophrenia is considered to be a disorder of progressive structural brain abnormalities. Previous studies have indicated that the cerebellar Crus I/II plays a critical role in schizophrenia. We aimed to investigate how specific morphological features in the Crus I/II at different critical stages of the schizophrenia spectrum contribute to the disease. METHODS The study involved 73 participants on the schizophrenia spectrum (28 with ultra-high risk for psychosis [UHR], 17 with first-episode schizophrenia [FES], and 28 with chronic schizophrenia) and 79 healthy controls. We undertook a detailed investigation into differences in Crus I/II volume using a semiautomated segmentation method optimized for the cerebellum. We analyzed the effects of group and sex, as well as their interaction, on Crus I/II volume in gray matter (GM) and white matter (WM). RESULTS Significant group × sex interactions were found in WM volumes of the bilateral Crus I/II; the males with UHR demonstrated significantly larger WM volumes compared with the other male groups, whereas no significant group differences were found in the female groups. Additionally, WM and GM volumes of the Crus I/II had positive associations with symptom severity in the UHR group, whereas, in contrast, GM volumes in the FES group were negatively associated with symptom severity. CONCLUSIONS The present findings provide evidence that the morphology of Crus I/II is involved in schizophrenia in a sex- and disease stage-dependent manner. Additionally, alterations of WM volumes of Crus I/II may have potential as a biological marker of early detection and treatment for individuals with UHR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chie Morimoto
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akiko Uematsu
- Center for Evolutionary Cognitive Science, Graduate School of Art and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hironori Nakatani
- Department of Information Media Technology, School of Information and Telecommunication Engineering, Tokai University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yosuke Takano
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Norichika Iwashiro
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Osamu Abe
- Department of Radiology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hidenori Yamasue
- Department of Psychiatry, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu City, Japan
| | - Kiyoto Kasai
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,International Research Center for Neurointelligence (WPI-IRCN), UTIAS, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,UTokyo Center for Integrative Science of Human Behaviour (CiSHuB), Tokyo, Japan.,University of Tokyo Institute for Diversity & Adaptation of Human Mind (UTIDAHM), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Koike
- Center for Evolutionary Cognitive Science, Graduate School of Art and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,International Research Center for Neurointelligence (WPI-IRCN), UTIAS, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,UTokyo Center for Integrative Science of Human Behaviour (CiSHuB), Tokyo, Japan.,University of Tokyo Institute for Diversity & Adaptation of Human Mind (UTIDAHM), Tokyo, Japan
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Giné Servén E, Boix Quintana E, Guanyabens Buscà N, Casado Ruiz V, Torres Rivas C, Niubo Gurgui M, Dalmau J, Palma C. Considerations of psychotic symptomatology in anti-NMDA encephalitis: Similarity to cycloid psychosis. Clin Case Rep 2019; 7:2456-2461. [PMID: 31893079 PMCID: PMC6935669 DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.2522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Most patients with anti-NMDA receptor (NMDAR) encephalitis present with acute psychosis which is difficult to differentiate from psychotic episodes related to a primarily psychiatric disease. A precise description of the psychiatric phenotype of this disease would greatly facilitate the early diagnosis of these patients. We provide here a detailed description of three of these patients and the similarity of the clinical features with cycloid psychosis. All three patients met Perris and Brockington's criteria for cycloid psychosis in the initial phase of the autoimmune process, including among other an acute and polysymptomatic onset, polymorphous psychotic symptomatology, mood swings, and changes in psychomotricity. In addition, none of the patients had experienced an extended psychiatric prodromal phase. External stress factors preceded symptom onset in the three patients, who also showed common base personality traits and intolerance to a range of antipsychotic treatments. Complementary studies disclosed that the three patients had ovarian teratoma as well as abnormal EEG, and CSF antibodies against NMDAR. Patients with anti-NMDAR encephalitis may present with clinical features that resemble cycloid psychosis. In addition, our patients did not have prodromal history of psychiatric symptoms and showed intolerance to antipsychotic medication, which all should raise concern for anti-NMDAR encephalitis, prompting CSF antibody testing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Josep Dalmau
- Hospital Clinic‐IDIBAPSUniversitat de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
- University of Pennsylvania School of MedicinePhiladelphiaPAUSA
| | - Carol Palma
- Hospital de MataróConsorci Sanitari del MaresmeMataróSpain
- FPCEE BlanquernaUniversitat Ramon‐LlullBarcelonaSpain
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Pu C, Qiu Y, Zhou T, Yang F, Lu Z, Wang C, Deng H, Zhao J, Shi C, Yu X. Gender differences of neurocognitive functioning in patients with first-episode schizophrenia in China. Compr Psychiatry 2019; 95:152132. [PMID: 31669790 DOI: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2019.152132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Revised: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS To investigate the gender differences in neurocognitive functioning in patients with first-episode schizophrenia (FES) in China. METHODS A total of 449 Chinese patients with FES (210 males, 239 females) were included in this study. Participants' psychopathology was assessed by the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). Neurocognitive functioning was assessed by 10 neuropsychological tests from a battery. Neurocognitive test scores were converted to scale scores and t-scores using normative data from Chinese populations. RESULTS Males were younger and less likely to be married, had an earlier age of illness onset and a longer duration of untreated psychosis (DUP), and scored higher on the PANSS negative, general and total scales than females. After controlling for potential confounders, females performed better than males in the verbal learning and memory domain (p=0.016). While most neurocognitive domains were correlated with PANSS negative scores for male patients with FES, for female patients with FES, negative associations were found between scores on the PANSS general subscales and neurocognitive domains. We also performed a case-control comparison with a group of patients with clinically stable schizophrenia (CSS) (n=60) who were matched by age, sex and education years with patients with FES (n=58). After controlling for potential confounders, no significant differences were found between patients with FES and patients with CSS in all neurocognitive domains. Female patients still performed better in the verbal learning and memory domain (t=2.14, p=0.034). No interaction effects of gender and disease were found. CONCLUSIONS Gender was an independent influence factor for the verbal learning and memory domain. Both female patients with first-episode schizophrenia and female patients with clinically stable schizophrenia performed better than male patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengcheng Pu
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Centerfor Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), China
| | - Yujia Qiu
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Centerfor Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), China
| | - Tianhang Zhou
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Centerfor Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), China
| | - Fude Yang
- Beijing Hui-Long-Guan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zheng Lu
- Tongji Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chuanyue Wang
- Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Hong Deng
- West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jingping Zhao
- Mental Health Institute, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Chuan Shi
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Centerfor Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), China.
| | - Xin Yu
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Centerfor Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), China.
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Lesage A, Vanasse A, Potvin S, Dumais A. Retraction: Caractérisation des premiers épisodes de schizophrénie à partir de bases de données administratives de santé jumelées. [Characterization of First Episodes of Schizophrenia from Combined Administrative Databases]. Beaudoin, M., Potvin, S., Dellazizzo, L., Surprenant, M., Lesage, A., Vanasse, A., Ngamini-Ngui, A.† et Dumais, A. Santé mentale au Québec. 2018 Fall ; 43(2) : 83-105.PMID : 32338687. Sante Ment Que 2019. [PMID: 33270396 DOI: 10.7202/1058611ar] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This corrects the article DOI: https://doi.org/10.7202/1058611ar.
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11
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Loch AA, Freitas EL, Hortêncio L, Chianca C, Alves TM, Serpa MH, Andrade JC, van de Bilt MT, Gattaz WF, Rössler W. Hearing spirits? Religiosity in individuals at risk for psychosis-Results from the Brazilian SSAPP cohort. Schizophr Res 2019; 204:353-359. [PMID: 30266512 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2018.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Revised: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In the last decades, biological and environmental factors related to psychosis were investigated in individuals at ultra-risk for psychosis (UHR) to predict conversion. Although religion relates to psychosis in a variety of ways, it is understudied in subclinical samples. Therefore, we assessed the interplay between religion and prodromal symptoms in 79 UHR and 110 control individuals. They were interviewed with the Duke University Religion Index and the Structured Interview for Prodromal Syndromes (SIPS). Organizational religious activity, a measure of how often someone attends churches/temples, was positively related to perceptual abnormalities/hallucinations (Spearman's rho = 0.262, p = 0.02). This relationship was replicated in a path analysis model (β = 0.342, SE = 0.108, p = 0.002), as well as a link between organizational religious activity and lower ideational richness (β = 0.401, SE = 0.105, p = 0.000) with no influence of sex, age, religious denomination, or socioeconomic class. Intrinsic religious activity was negatively correlated with suspiciousness (SIPS P2) (β = -0.028, SE = 0.009, p = 0.002), and non-organizational religious activity was correlated with higher ideational richness (N5) (β = -0.220, SE = 0.097, p = 0.023). We hypothesize that subjects with subclinical psychosis may possibly use churches and other religious organizations to cope with hallucinations. Indeed, Brazil is characterized by a religious syncretism and a strong influence of Spiritism in the popular culture. The mediumistic idea that some might be able to hear and/or see spirits is probably employed to explain subclinical hallucinations in the lay knowledge. Our results emphasize the importance of assessing religion and other region-specific aspects of various cultures when studying UHR individuals. This sort of assessment would enhance understanding of differences in conversion rates, and would help to transpose prevention programs from high-income countries to other settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Andrade Loch
- Laboratory of Neuroscience (LIM 27), Institute of Psychiatry, University of São Paulo, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Biomarcadores em Neuropsiquiatria (INBION), Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnológico, Brazil.
| | - Elder Lanzani Freitas
- Laboratory of Neuroscience (LIM 27), Institute of Psychiatry, University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lucas Hortêncio
- Laboratory of Neuroscience (LIM 27), Institute of Psychiatry, University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Camille Chianca
- Laboratory of Neuroscience (LIM 27), Institute of Psychiatry, University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Tania Maria Alves
- Laboratory of Neuroscience (LIM 27), Institute of Psychiatry, University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maurício Henriques Serpa
- Laboratory of Neuroscience (LIM 27), Institute of Psychiatry, University of São Paulo, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Biomarcadores em Neuropsiquiatria (INBION), Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnológico, Brazil
| | - Julio Cesar Andrade
- Laboratory of Neuroscience (LIM 27), Institute of Psychiatry, University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Martinus Theodorus van de Bilt
- Laboratory of Neuroscience (LIM 27), Institute of Psychiatry, University of São Paulo, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Biomarcadores em Neuropsiquiatria (INBION), Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnológico, Brazil
| | - Wagner Farid Gattaz
- Laboratory of Neuroscience (LIM 27), Institute of Psychiatry, University of São Paulo, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Biomarcadores em Neuropsiquiatria (INBION), Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnológico, Brazil
| | - Wulf Rössler
- Laboratory of Neuroscience (LIM 27), Institute of Psychiatry, University of São Paulo, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Biomarcadores em Neuropsiquiatria (INBION), Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnológico, Brazil; Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité University of Medicine, Berlin, Germany
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Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia, with over 5. 4 million cases in the US alone (Alzheimer's Association, 2016). Clinically, AD is defined by the presence of plaques composed of Aβ and neurofibrillary pathology composed of the microtubule associated protein tau. Another key feature is the dysregulation of autophagy at key steps in the pathway. In AD, disrupted autophagy contributes to disease progression through the failure to clear pathological protein aggregates, insulin resistance, and its role in the synthesis of Aβ. Like many psychiatric and neurodegenerative diseases, the risk of developing AD, and disease course are dependent on the sex of the patient. One potential mechanism through which these differences occur, is the effects of sex hormones on autophagy. In women, the loss of hormones with menopause presents both a risk factor for developing AD, and an obvious example of where sex differences in AD can stem from. However, because AD pathology can begin decades before menopause, this does not provide the full answer. We propose that sex-based differences in autophagy regulation during the lifespan contribute to the increased risk of AD, and greater severity of pathology seen in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin E Congdon
- Neuroscience and Physiology, School of Medicine, New York University, New York City, NY, United States
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13
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Kar SK, Shahi MK, Roy P. Understanding the anxiety phenomenology in psychotic prodrome: A case report. Asian J Psychiatr 2017; 28:88. [PMID: 28784406 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2017.03.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sujita Kumar Kar
- Department Of Psychiatry, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Mohit Kumar Shahi
- Department Of Psychiatry, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Pritha Roy
- Department Of Psychiatry, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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Crosas JM, Cobo J, Ahuir M, Hernández C, García R, Pousa E, Oliva JC, Monreal JA, Palao DJ. Substance abuse and gender differences in first episode psychosis: Impact on hospital readmissions. Rev Psiquiatr Salud Ment (Engl Ed) 2017. [PMID: 28648845 DOI: 10.1016/j.rpsm.2017.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION There have been controversial results in the study of gender differences in first episode psychosis (FEP). Substance abuse is the main existing comorbidity in FEP, and has been associated with worse prognosis and greater symptom severity. OBJECTIVES To explore gender differences in FEP in relation to drug abuse, and their relationship with hospital readmissions. METHODOLOGY Descriptive and prospective study (18 months). RESULTS We included 141 patients (31.2% women), aged 26.1 years on average, mostly diagnosed with schizophreniform disorder (32.6%). A percentage of 58.9 had problematic use of drugs. Gender significant differences were found in age of onset, age at entry to the programme, marital status and cohabitation, and percentage differences were revealed in current drug abuse and frequency of consumption. Gender, duration of untreated psychosis, psychiatric history, age of onset and previous drug use were not predictors of re-entry. Hospital readmission rate was 24.8%, with no gender differences. The most common reasons for admission were abandonment of treatment (66.7%) and drug abuse (44.4%). Drug abuse was higher in the men than in the women as a reason for re-admission. CONCLUSIONS There are gender differences in FEP. Men have an earlier onset of symptoms and have worse functional outcomes. Drug abuse in men is higher and represents a major cause of hospital readmission. Therapeutic interventions to prevent the effects of drug abuse are necessary from the early stages of the illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josep M Crosas
- Salut Mental, Corporació Sanitària Parc Taulí, Sabadell, Barcelona, España
| | - Jesus Cobo
- Salut Mental, Corporació Sanitària Parc Taulí, Sabadell, Barcelona, España; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, España.
| | - Maribel Ahuir
- Salut Mental, Corporació Sanitària Parc Taulí, Sabadell, Barcelona, España
| | - Carla Hernández
- Salut Mental, Corporació Sanitària Parc Taulí, Sabadell, Barcelona, España; Servei Salut Mental, Escaldes-Engordany, Principado de Andorra
| | - Rebeca García
- Salut Mental, Corporació Sanitària Parc Taulí, Sabadell, Barcelona, España
| | - Esther Pousa
- Institut de Neuropsiquiatria i Addiccions, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, España; Instituto Hospital del Mar de Investigaciones Médicas (IMIM), Barcelona, España
| | - Joan-Carles Oliva
- Unitat d'Estadistica, Fundació Parc Taulí, Sabadell, Barcelona, España
| | - José-Antonio Monreal
- Salut Mental, Corporació Sanitària Parc Taulí, Sabadell, Barcelona, España; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, España
| | - Diego J Palao
- Salut Mental, Corporació Sanitària Parc Taulí, Sabadell, Barcelona, España; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, España
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15
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Monte AS, Mello BSF, Borella VCM, da Silva Araujo T, da Silva FER, Sousa FCFD, de Oliveira ACP, Gama CS, Seeman MV, Vasconcelos SMM, Lucena DFD, Macêdo D. Two-hit model of schizophrenia induced by neonatal immune activation and peripubertal stress in rats: Study of sex differences and brain oxidative alterations. Behav Brain Res 2017; 331:30-37. [PMID: 28527693 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2017.04.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Revised: 04/09/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is considered to be a developmental disorder with distinctive sex differences. Aiming to simulate the vulnerability of the third trimester of human pregnancy to the developmental course of schizophrenia, an animal model was developed, using neonatal poly(I:C) as a first-hit, and peripubertal stress as a second-hit, i.e. a two-hit model. Since, to date, there have been no references to sex differences in the two-hit model, our study sought to determine sex influences on the development of behavior and brain oxidative change in adult rats submitted to neonatal exposure to poly(I:C) on postnatal days 5-7 as well as peripubertal unpredictable stress (PUS). Our results showed that adult two-hit rats present sex-specific behavioral alterations, with females showing more pronounced deficits in prepulse inhibition of the startle reflex and hyperlocomotion, while males showing more deficits in social interaction. Male and female animals exhibited similar working memory deficits. The levels of the endogenous antioxidant, reduced glutathione, were decreased in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) of both male and female animals exposed to both poly(I:C) and poly(I:C)+PUS. Only females presented decrements in GSH levels in the striatum. Nitrite levels were increased in the PFC of male and in the striatum of female poly(I:C)+PUS rats. Increased lipid peroxidation was observed in the PFC of females and in the striatum of males and females exposed to poly(I:C) and poly(I:C)+PUS. Thus, the present study presents evidence for sex differences in behavior and oxidative brain change induced by a two-hit model of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Santos Monte
- Drug Research and Development Center, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.
| | - Bruna Stefânia Ferreira Mello
- Drug Research and Development Center, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.
| | - Vládia Célia Moreira Borella
- Drug Research and Development Center, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.
| | - Tatiane da Silva Araujo
- Drug Research and Development Center, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.
| | | | - Francisca Cléa F de Sousa
- Drug Research and Development Center, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.
| | | | - Clarissa Severino Gama
- Laboratório de Psiquiatria Molecular, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Psiquiatria e Ciências do Comportamento, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
| | - Mary V Seeman
- Departament of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
| | | | - David Freitas De Lucena
- Drug Research and Development Center, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil; National Institute for Developmental Psychiatry (INCT - INPD, CNPq), Brazil.
| | - Danielle Macêdo
- Drug Research and Development Center, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil; National Institute for Translational Medicine (INCT-TM, CNPq), Brazil.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Mental health profiles differ between boys and girls from puberty onwards. It is not known whether differences also extend to symptom presentation in schizophrenia spectrum disorders. It may be that girls and boys are not treated entirely equally by the professionals. AIMS To study gender differences in symptom profiles, family adversities, pathway to care, and characteristics of inpatient treatment at the first episode of diagnosed schizophrenia spectrum disorder (F20-29) among adolescents aged 13-17. METHODS A retrospective chart review of all (n = 106) consecutive adolescents diagnosed for the first time with schizophrenia spectrum disorder (F20-29) in a specified catchment area. Girls and boys were compared with regard to sociodemographics, pathways to care, living arrangements, symptom profiles, and treatment received. RESULTS During the study period more adolescent girls (n = 70, 66%) than boys (n = 36, 34%) were diagnosed with schizophrenia spectrum (F20-29) psychoses, most commonly F29. Girls were moreover younger (mean age = 15.46) than boys (mean age = 16.62) at admission. Girls more often displayed mood symptoms and boys aggressive behaviours, alcohol abuse problems, and isolation. Family adversities recorded as current stressors were more numerous among girls. Girls were more likely to be referred to specialized after-care than boys. CONCLUSIONS The gender differences observed in symptoms presentation are reminiscent of differences encountered in the general adolescent population. Prior to transition to psychosis, girls and boys are equally in contact with psychiatric services due to other (possibly prodromal) symptoms/disorders. Family adversities may be more stressful for girls vulnerable to psychosis than to boys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanni Talonen
- a School of Medicine, University of Tampere , Finland
| | - Juha Väänänen
- b Department of Adolescent Psychiatry , Tampere University Hospital , Tampere , Finland
| | - Riittakerttu Kaltiala-Heino
- a School of Medicine, University of Tampere , Finland.,b Department of Adolescent Psychiatry , Tampere University Hospital , Tampere , Finland
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Carrión RE, Demmin D, Auther AM, McLaughlin D, Olsen R, Lencz T, Correll CU, Cornblatt BA. Duration of attenuated positive and negative symptoms in individuals at clinical high risk: Associations with risk of conversion to psychosis and functional outcome. J Psychiatr Res 2016; 81:95-101. [PMID: 27424062 PMCID: PMC5021595 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2016.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Revised: 05/25/2016] [Accepted: 06/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Research in individuals at clinical high-risk (CHR) for psychosis has focused on subjects with no more than 12 months of present or worsened attenuated positive symptoms. However, the impact of long duration attenuated positive and/or negative prodromal symptoms on outcomes is unclear. Seventy-six CHR subjects with attenuated positive symptoms and at least moderate severity level negative symptoms rated on the Scale of Prodromal Symptoms (SOPS) were prospectively followed for a mean of 3.0 ± 1.6 years. Social and Role functioning was assessed with the Global Functioning: Social and Role scales. Correlations between attenuated positive and negative symptom duration and severity and conversion to psychosis and functional outcomes were analyzed. The average onset of SOPS rated negative symptoms (M = 53.24 months, SD = 48.90, median = 37.27) was approximately twelve months prior to the emergence of attenuated positive symptom (M = 40.15 months, SD = 40.33, median = 24.77, P < 0.05). More severe positive symptoms (P = 0.004), but not longer duration of positive (P = 0.412) or negative (P = 0.754) symptoms, predicted conversion to psychosis. Neither positive symptom duration (P = 0.181) nor severity (P = 0.469) predicted role or social functioning at study endpoint. Conversely, longer negative symptom duration predicted poor social functioning (P = 0.004). Overall, our findings suggest that the severity of attenuated positive symptoms at baseline may be more important than symptom duration for determining individuals at increased risk of developing psychosis. In contrast, long-standing negative symptoms may be associated with persistent social difficulties and therefore have an important position in the treatment of disability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo E Carrión
- Division of Psychiatry Research, The Zucker Hillside Hospital, Northwell Health, Glen Oaks, NY, USA; Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, 11030, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Hofstra Northwell School of Medicine, Hempstead, NY, 11549, USA.
| | - Docia Demmin
- Division of Psychiatry Research, The Zucker Hillside Hospital, Northwell Health, Glen Oaks, NY, USA
| | - Andrea M Auther
- Division of Psychiatry Research, The Zucker Hillside Hospital, Northwell Health, Glen Oaks, NY, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Hofstra Northwell School of Medicine, Hempstead, NY, 11549, USA
| | - Danielle McLaughlin
- Division of Psychiatry Research, The Zucker Hillside Hospital, Northwell Health, Glen Oaks, NY, USA
| | - Ruth Olsen
- Division of Psychiatry Research, The Zucker Hillside Hospital, Northwell Health, Glen Oaks, NY, USA
| | - Todd Lencz
- Division of Psychiatry Research, The Zucker Hillside Hospital, Northwell Health, Glen Oaks, NY, USA; Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, 11030, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Hofstra Northwell School of Medicine, Hempstead, NY, 11549, USA; Department of Molecular Medicine, Hofstra Northwell School of Medicine, Hempstead, NY, 11549, USA
| | - Christoph U Correll
- Division of Psychiatry Research, The Zucker Hillside Hospital, Northwell Health, Glen Oaks, NY, USA; Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, 11030, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Hofstra Northwell School of Medicine, Hempstead, NY, 11549, USA; Department of Molecular Medicine, Hofstra Northwell School of Medicine, Hempstead, NY, 11549, USA
| | - Barbara A Cornblatt
- Division of Psychiatry Research, The Zucker Hillside Hospital, Northwell Health, Glen Oaks, NY, USA; Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, 11030, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Hofstra Northwell School of Medicine, Hempstead, NY, 11549, USA; Department of Molecular Medicine, Hofstra Northwell School of Medicine, Hempstead, NY, 11549, USA
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18
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Tsaousis I, Zouraraki C, Karamaouna P, Karagiannopoulou L, Giakoumaki SG. The validity of the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire in a Greek sample: Tests of measurement invariance and latent mean differences. Compr Psychiatry 2015; 62:51-62. [PMID: 26343467 DOI: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2015.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2015] [Revised: 05/18/2015] [Accepted: 06/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire (SPQ) is a widely used scale for measuring schizotypal characteristics modeled on DSM-III-R criteria for schizotypal personality disorder (SPD). The aim of this study was to examine the factorial structure of the Greek SPQ, its factorial invariance across gender and different age groups and possible gender and age group differences at latent mean level. METHODS Eight hundred sixty-five community participants completed the Greek version of the SPQ. RESULTS With regard to the factorial structure of the original first-order model, the results showed that a seven-factor model (sub-scales "no close friends" with "constricted affect" and "ideas of reference" with "unusual perceptual experiences" were combined) was replicated adequately. Furthermore, the second-order "paranoid" model provided also adequate fit. With regard to the factorial invariance of the SPQ across gender and age, the analysis revealed that both, the first- and second-order models showed measurement invariance (configural, metric and structural) across gender and age groups (17-35 vs. 36-70). Latent mean differences across gender and age groups were also found. CONCLUSIONS Based on these findings, we can conclude that the Greek version of the SPQ is a psychometrically sound instrument for measuring schizotypal characteristics and a useful screening tool for SPD across gender and age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Tsaousis
- Department of Psychology, University of Crete, Rethymno, Crete, Greece.
| | | | - Penny Karamaouna
- Department of Psychology, University of Crete, Rethymno, Crete, Greece
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Waford RN, MacDonald A, Goines K, Novacek DM, Trotman HD, Elaine F W, Addington J, Bearden CE, Cadenhead KS, Cannon TD, Cornblatt BA, Heinssen R, Mathalon DH, Tsuang MT, Perkins DO, Seidman LJ, Woods SW, McGlashan TH. Demographic correlates of attenuated positive psychotic symptoms. Schizophr Res 2015; 166:31-6. [PMID: 25999040 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2015.04.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2015] [Revised: 04/22/2015] [Accepted: 04/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
It is now well established that the utilization of standardized clinical criteria can enhance prediction of psychosis. These criteria are primarily concerned with the presence and severity of attenuated positive symptoms. Because these symptom criteria are used to derive algorithms for designating clinical high risk (CHR) status and for maximizing prediction of psychosis risk, it is important to know whether the symptom ratings vary as a function of demographic factors that have previously been linked with symptoms in diagnosed psychotic patients. Using a sample of 356 CHR individuals from the NAPLS-II multi-site study, we examined the relation of three sex, age, and educational level, with the severity of attenuated positive symptom scores from the Scale of Prodromal Symptoms (SOPS). Demographic factors accounted for little of the variance in symptom ratings (5-6%). Older CHR individuals manifested more severe suspiciousness, and female CHR participants reported more unusual perceptual experiences than male participants. Contrary to prediction, higher educational level was associated with more severe ratings of unusual thought content, but less severe perceptual abnormalities. Overall, sex, age and education were modestly related to unusual thought content and perceptual abnormalities, only, suggesting minimal implication for designating CHR status and predicting psychosis-risk.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE Only a few studies in patients with first-episode psychosis have included gender in the study hypothesis or considered this a primary study variable. The aim of this study was to explore the influence of gender in the pattern of substance use in patients with first-episode psychosis. METHODS This is a sub-analysis of a randomized open clinical trial that compared 1-year treatment retention rates of patients with first-episode psychosis randomized to haloperidol, olanzapine, quetiapine, risperidone, or ziprasidone. Our sub-analysis included 85 men and 29 women. RESULTS Substance use was relatively high among these patients and differed significantly by gender. Men were more likely to use substances overall than women (89.4% for men vs. 55.2% for women), χ(2) = 16.2, df = 1, p <.001, and were also more likely to use alcohol (χ(2) = 13, df = 1, p <.001), cannabis (χ(2) = 9.9; df = 1, p <.002), and cocaine (χ(2) = 10.3; df = 1, p <.001), compared to women. While there were no gender differences in age at first consumption of alcohol or cocaine, men were significantly younger at first consumption of cannabis (M = 16.08 years, SD = 2.1) than women (M = 18.0 years, SD = 3.8), F(1, 59) = 5, p <.02. When analyzed separately by gender, women showed no significant differences in the influence of number of substances used on age at onset of psychosis, F(3, 29) = 1.2, p =.30. However, there was a significant difference among men, with earlier onset of psychosis noted in men consuming multiple substances; F(4, 85) = 5.8, p <.0001. Regarding prediction of age at onset of psychosis, both male gender and the use of a higher number of substances significantly predicted an earlier age at onset of psychosis. CONCLUSIONS Our study provides some evidence of gender differences in the pattern of substance use in patients with first-episode psychosis, suggesting the possible need for gender-specific approaches in the interventions performed in these patients. This study is registered as #12610000954022 with the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (www.anzctr.org.au).
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Affiliation(s)
- Belen Arranz
- a Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Deu , Barcelona , Spain
| | - Gemma Safont
- b Hospital Mútua de Terrassa , Barcelona , Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Luis San
- a Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Deu , Barcelona , Spain
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Tang Y, Zhang T, Edelman B, Zeng B, Zhao S, Li C, Zhuo K, Qian Z, Li H, Guo Q, Cui H, Zhu Y, Jiang L, Li C, Yu D, Wang J. Prolonged cortical silent period among drug-naive subjects at ultra-high risk of psychosis. Schizophr Res 2014; 160:124-30. [PMID: 25458861 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2014.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2014] [Revised: 09/09/2014] [Accepted: 10/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Deficits in gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) inhibitory neurotransmission have been associated with pathophysiological mechanisms underlying schizophrenia. However, little is known about whether these deficits occur before or after the onset of psychosis. METHOD We recruited 16 drug-naive subjects at ultra-high risk of psychosis (UHR), 17 schizophrenia patients and 28 healthy controls. Cortical inhibition was determined using transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) over the left primary motor cortex. TMS markers such as short-interval cortical inhibition (SICI), cortical silent period (CSP) and intracortical facilitation (ICF) were obtained from each subject. While SICI can reflect GABA type A (GABAA) mediated inhibition, CSP is thought to indicate GABA type B (GABAB) mediated inhibitory circuits. RESULTS As compared with healthy controls, UHR subjects showed a prolonged CSP with no change in SICI, whereas schizophrenia patients demonstrated both a prolonged CSP and a reduced SICI. No group differences were found for ICF. CSP in schizophrenia patients also had a positive correlation with positive symptom score of the positive and negative symptom scale (PANSS). CONCLUSIONS Cortical inhibitory deficits among UHR subjects were relatively limited compared to those among schizophrenia patients. Alterations might occur in some subgroup of GABA-mediated neurotransmitter systems before the onset of psychosis, while alterations in both GABAA and GABAB networks might contribute to full-blown psychosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Tang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, PR China; Department of EEG and Imaging, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, PR China
| | - Tianhong Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, PR China; Department of EEG and Imaging, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, PR China
| | - Bradley Edelman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Botao Zeng
- Department of EEG and Imaging, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, PR China
| | - Shanshan Zhao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, PR China
| | - Chunyan Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, PR China
| | - Kaiming Zhuo
- Department of EEG and Imaging, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, PR China
| | - Zhenying Qian
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, PR China
| | - Hui Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, PR China
| | - Qian Guo
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, PR China
| | - Huiru Cui
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, PR China
| | - Yikang Zhu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, PR China
| | - Lijuan Jiang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, PR China
| | - Chunbo Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, PR China; Department of EEG and Imaging, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, PR China
| | - Dehua Yu
- Department of Psychiatry, Yangpu Hospital, Medical School of Tongji University, Shanghai 200090, PR China.
| | - Jijun Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, PR China; Department of EEG and Imaging, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, PR China.
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Rietdijk J, Ising HK, Dragt S, Klaassen R, Nieman D, Wunderink L, Cuijpers P, Linszen D, van der Gaag M. Depression and social anxiety in help-seeking patients with an ultra-high risk for developing psychosis. Psychiatry Res 2013; 209:309-13. [PMID: 23433870 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2013.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2011] [Revised: 01/07/2013] [Accepted: 01/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Knowledge on associations between ultra-high risk (UHR) for developing psychosis and on non-psychotic psychopathology in help-seeking populations is limited with respect to differences between male and female patients. The present study tests the hypothesis that both social anxiety and depression are highly prevalent in an UHR population, particularly among women. From February 2008 to February 2010 baseline data were collected from help-seeking subjects (14-35 years) who were included in the Dutch Early Detection and Intervention Evaluation (EDIE-NL) trial. Two recruiting strategies were used: a two-stage screening strategy in a population of consecutive help-seeking and distressed subjects of secondary mental health services, and a referral strategy. This study included 201 patients with a mean age of 22.7 years. Of these, 102 (51%) were female, 58% of the patients met the criteria for clinical depression on the Beck Depression Inventory and 42% met the criteria for clinical social phobia on the Social Interaction Anxiety Scale. Women showed more depression and social anxiety than men. The results support the hypothesis that UHR is associated with depression and social anxiety, particularly in women. Screening a help-seeking population with depression and anxiety may be effective in detecting patients at UHR for developing psychosis.
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Ramos-Loyo J, Medina-Hernández V, Estarrón-Espinosa M, Canales-Aguirre A, Gómez-Pinedo U, Cerdán-Sánchez LF. Sex differences in lipid peroxidation and fatty acid levels in recent onset schizophrenia. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2013; 44:154-61. [PMID: 23421976 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2013.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2012] [Revised: 01/17/2013] [Accepted: 02/08/2013] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Sex differences in the symptomatology and course of illness have been reported among schizophrenic patients. Hence, the principal objective of the present study was to investigate sex differences in the concentrations of the lipid peroxidation metabolites MDA and 4-HNE, and in the membrane phospholipid levels of ARA, EPA and DHA in patients with schizophrenia. A total of 46 paranoid schizophrenics (25 women) with short-term evolution who were in an acute psychotic stage and 40 healthy controls (23 women) participated in the study. Psychopathology was evaluated by BPRS and PANSS. Lipid peroxidation sub-products (MDA, 4-HNE) and fatty acid levels (ARA, EPA, DHA) were determined in erythrocyte membranes. The men in both groups showed higher lipid peroxidation levels and those values were higher in schizophrenic patients than controls, with only EPA fatty acid concentrations found to be lower in the former than the latter. These results suggest that men may suffer greater oxidative neuronal damage than women, and that this could worsen the course of illness and result in greater disease severity.
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Lecardeur L, Meunier-Cussac S, Dollfus S. [Cognitive deficits in first episode psychosis patients and people at risk for psychosis: from diagnosis to treatment]. Encephale 2013; 39 Suppl 1:S64-71. [PMID: 23528322 DOI: 10.1016/j.encep.2012.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2012] [Accepted: 10/24/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Up to now, studies have not demonstrated significant efficacy of antipsychotics on cognitive impairments in patients with psychotic disorders. These cognitive deficits are of particular interest since they traditionally start early before the diagnosis of psychosis. They are observed during premorbid and prodromal stages, and during the first episode of psychosis. Moreover, cognitive impairments may be detected without any psychotic symptoms (such as positive symptoms) suggesting their development independently of the psychotic symptoms. Cognitive disturbances consist of impairments of episodic and working memories, intellectual functioning, executive functions (planning, inhibition, and cognitive flexibility), selective and sustained attentions and social cognition (emotion, recognition, theory of mind). The altered cognitive functions observed in schizophrenia are the same as in earlier stages but at a lower level of severity. LITERATURE FINDINGS Data suggest that cognitive deficits can be considered as vulnerability markers of psychosis since they have been described in healthy relatives of psychotic patients with high genetic risk. Cognitive deficits might also be considered as predictive of the occurrence of the disease after the first episode of psychosis. Indeed, retrospective studies suggest cognitive impairments in patients with schizophrenia during premorbid and prodromal phases but not in bipolar patients. Cognitive assessment might be of particular interest in people at risk for psychosis, in order to differentiate diagnostic outcomes. Cognitive functioning impairs until the diagnosis of first episode psychosis, even though cognitive profiles are quite heterogeneous in these patients. Once the diagnosis of schizophrenia is considered, cognitive deficits may be stable, although the literature is still controversial. Several factors such as symptoms and gender can contribute in diversifying the cognitive profiles. Moreover, age of onset might worsen the prognosis because of a disruption of the cognitive development and the disturbance of scholarship in young individuals. DISCUSSION Considering these results, the treatment of cognitive deficits should be initiated as soon as possible, e.g. in people at risk for psychosis in order to reinforce the normal cognitive development, prevent cognitive decline and to preserve the educational, professional and social status. Since antipsychotic medications do not impact on cognitive functioning, alternative therapeutics should be developed such as cognitive remediation. Several studies and meta-analyses have shown that cognitive remediation programs are particularly efficient in patients with schizophrenia or bipolar disorders. Contrary to antipsychotics, these techniques should be used in patients with a first psychotic episode, but also in individuals with subpsychotic symptoms, subthreshold to the diagnosis of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Lecardeur
- Équipe mobile de soins intensifs, centre Esquirol, centre hospitalier universitaire de Caen, avenue Côte-de-Nacre, 14033 Caen, France.
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Abstract
AIM The aim of this study was to explore the general public's perception of schizophrenia symptoms and the need to seek-help for symptoms. The recognition (or 'labelling') of schizophrenia symptoms, help-seeking behaviours and public awareness of schizophrenia have been suggested as potentially important factors relating to untreated psychosis. METHOD Participants were asked to rate to what extent they believe vignettes describing classic symptoms (positive and negative) of schizophrenia indicate mental illness. They were also asked if the individuals depicted in the vignettes required help or treatment and asked to suggest what kind of help or treatment. RESULTS Only three positive symptoms (i.e., Hallucinatory behaviour, Unusual thought content and Suspiciousness) of schizophrenia were reasonably well perceived (above 70%) as indicating mental illness more than the other positive or negative symptoms. Even when the participants recognised that the symptoms indicated mental illness, not everyone recommended professional help. CONCLUSION There may be a need to improve public awareness of schizophrenia and psychosis symptoms, particularly regarding an awareness of the importance of early intervention for psychosis.
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Bertani M, Lasalvia A, Bonetto C, Tosato S, Cristofalo D, Bissoli S, De Santi K, Mazzoncini R, Lazzarotto L, Santi M, Sale A, Scalabrin D, Abate M, Tansella M, Rugger M. The influence of gender on clinical and social characteristics of patients at psychosis onset: A report from the Psychosis Incident Cohort Outcome Study (PICOS). Psychol Med 2012; 42:769-780. [PMID: 21995856 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291711001991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND. This paper examined the hypothesis that males with first-episode psychosis (FEP) experience lower pre-morbid adjustment, greater social disability and more self-perceived needs at illness onset than females(by controlling for duration of untreated psychosis, diagnosis, age and symptoms at onset). Results disconfirming this hypothesis were thought to suggest the potentially mediating role of social context in determining the impact of symptoms and disability on the everyday lives of male patients in the early phase of psychosis. METHOD. A large epidemiologically representative cohort of FEP patients (n=517) was assessed within the Psychosis Incident Cohort Outcome Study (PICOS) framework – a multi-site research project examining incident cases of psychosis in Italy's Veneto region. RESULTS. Despite poorer pre-morbid functioning and higher social disability at illness onset, males reported fewer unmet needs in the functioning domain than females did. An analysis of help provided by informal care givers showed that males received more help from their families than females did. This finding led us to disconfirm the second part of the hypothesis and suggest that the impact of poorer social performance and unmet needs on everyday life observed in male patients might be hampered by higher tolerance and more support within the family context.CONCLUSIONS. These findings shed new light on rarely investigated sociocultural and contextual factors that may account for the observed discrepancy between social disability and needs for care in FEP patients. They also point to a need for further research on gender differences, with the ultimate aim of delivering gender-sensitive effective mental health care.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Bertani
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Section of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
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Kwon JS, Byun MS, Lee TY, An SK. Early intervention in psychosis: Insights from Korea. Asian J Psychiatr 2012; 5:98-105. [PMID: 26878954 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2012.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2011] [Revised: 02/08/2012] [Accepted: 02/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Subjects at clinical high risk (CHR) for psychosis have been the focus of clinical attention in psychiatry for the last 15 years, leading to the development of valid and reliable diagnostic instruments to detect these individuals early in the course of their illness. These efforts have resulted in research into optimal preventive measures. Our experiences at and data from the Seoul Youth Clinic support the validity of the CHR concept and its underlying neurobiological basis and provide valuable information related to the determination of appropriate clinical interventions. The limitations of the current criteria for CHR, such as the relatively low transition rates to psychosis and the "false-positive" problem, are also common critical issues in Korea. Additionally, concerns about social stigmatization and the potential side effects of pharmacotherapy render individuals at CHR reluctant to visit clinical settings. Therefore, further investigations using a combination of predictive markers based on clinical and neurobiological studies of those at CHR are needed to refine the diagnostic criteria, overcome their current limitations including ethical issues, and develop phase-specific and individualized therapeutic interventions.
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Paul-samojedny M, Owczarek A, Suchanek R, Kowalczyk M, Fila-danilow A, Borkowska P, Kucia K, Kowalski J. Association Study of Interferon Gamma (IFN-γ) +874T/A Gene Polymorphism in Patients with Paranoid Schizophrenia. J Mol Neurosci 2011; 43:309-15. [DOI: 10.1007/s12031-010-9442-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2010] [Accepted: 08/23/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The association between endocrine and neuropsychiatric disorders was established long ago, with solid evidence. According to a multidimensional model of mental disorders, one can conceptualize sex and gender-related endocrinological dysfunctions as a cluster of risk factors included in the biological determinants of those disorders. RECENT FINDINGS Gender and sexual dimorphism in brain functions and pathways may have a main impact and synergistic effects on health differences in both men and women. To explain these differences, hormonal reactivity to stress, sex hormones and gene-environment interactions are among the most researched mechanisms. SUMMARY In this paper, we review updated data on sex and gender differences in stress reactivity, concerning the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, endocrinological dysfunction and vulnerability to major psychiatric disorders, in a stress-diathesis approach. Mainly schizophrenia and affective disorders are discussed, according to recent investigation, in terms of early determinants of stress reactivity, the interplay of genetic expression and gender role, their responsibility in biological modulation and their hypothetical contribution to explain gender differences in prevalence and clinical aspects of mental disorders.
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