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Chu S, Xie X, Payan C, Stochaj U. Valosin containing protein (VCP): initiator, modifier, and potential drug target for neurodegenerative diseases. Mol Neurodegener 2023; 18:52. [PMID: 37545006 PMCID: PMC10405438 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-023-00639-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The AAA+ ATPase valosin containing protein (VCP) is essential for cell and organ homeostasis, especially in cells of the nervous system. As part of a large network, VCP collaborates with many cofactors to ensure proteostasis under normal, stress, and disease conditions. A large number of mutations have revealed the importance of VCP for human health. In particular, VCP facilitates the dismantling of protein aggregates and the removal of dysfunctional organelles. These are critical events to prevent malfunction of the brain and other parts of the nervous system. In line with this idea, VCP mutants are linked to the onset and progression of neurodegeneration and other diseases. The intricate molecular mechanisms that connect VCP mutations to distinct brain pathologies continue to be uncovered. Emerging evidence supports the model that VCP controls cellular functions on multiple levels and in a cell type specific fashion. Accordingly, VCP mutants derail cellular homeostasis through several mechanisms that can instigate disease. Our review focuses on the association between VCP malfunction and neurodegeneration. We discuss the latest insights in the field, emphasize open questions, and speculate on the potential of VCP as a drug target for some of the most devastating forms of neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siwei Chu
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, HG3 1Y6, Canada
| | - Xinyi Xie
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, HG3 1Y6, Canada
| | - Carla Payan
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, HG3 1Y6, Canada
| | - Ursula Stochaj
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, HG3 1Y6, Canada.
- Quantitative Life Sciences Program, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.
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Bresgen N, Kovacs M, Lahnsteiner A, Felder TK, Rinnerthaler M. The Janus-Faced Role of Lipid Droplets in Aging: Insights from the Cellular Perspective. Biomolecules 2023; 13:912. [PMID: 37371492 DOI: 10.3390/biom13060912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
It is widely accepted that nine hallmarks-including mitochondrial dysfunction, epigenetic alterations, and loss of proteostasis-exist that describe the cellular aging process. Adding to this, a well-described cell organelle in the metabolic context, namely, lipid droplets, also accumulates with increasing age, which can be regarded as a further aging-associated process. Independently of their essential role as fat stores, lipid droplets are also able to control cell integrity by mitigating lipotoxic and proteotoxic insults. As we will show in this review, numerous longevity interventions (such as mTOR inhibition) also lead to strong accumulation of lipid droplets in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Caenorhabditis elegans, Drosophila melanogaster, and mammalian cells, just to name a few examples. In mammals, due to the variety of different cell types and tissues, the role of lipid droplets during the aging process is much more complex. Using selected diseases associated with aging, such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, type II diabetes, and cardiovascular disease, we show that lipid droplets are "Janus"-faced. In an early phase of the disease, lipid droplets mitigate the toxicity of lipid peroxidation and protein aggregates, but in a later phase of the disease, a strong accumulation of lipid droplets can cause problems for cells and tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaus Bresgen
- Department of Biosciences and Medical Biology, Paris-Lodron University Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Melanie Kovacs
- Department of Biosciences and Medical Biology, Paris-Lodron University Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Angelika Lahnsteiner
- Department of Biosciences and Medical Biology, Paris-Lodron University Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Thomas Klaus Felder
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Mark Rinnerthaler
- Department of Biosciences and Medical Biology, Paris-Lodron University Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
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Baczewska M, Królikowska M, Mazur M, Nowak N, Szymański J, Krauze W, Cheng CJ, Kujawińska M. Influence of Yokukansan on the refractive index of neuroblastoma cells. Biomed Opt Express 2023; 14:1959-1973. [PMID: 37206126 PMCID: PMC10191640 DOI: 10.1364/boe.481169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Yokukansan (YKS) is a traditional Japanese herbal medicine that is increasingly being studied for its effects on neurodegenerative diseases. In our study, we presented a novel methodology for a multimodal analysis of the effects of YKS on nerve cells. The measurements of 3D refractive index distribution and its changes performed by holographic tomography were supported with an investigation by Raman micro-spectroscopy and fluorescence microscopy to gather complementary morphological and chemical information about cells and YKS influence. It was shown that at the concentrations tested, YKS inhibits proliferation, possibly involving reactive oxygen species. Also substantial changes in the cell RI after few hours of YKS exposure were detected, followed by longer-term changes in cell lipid composition and chromatin state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Baczewska
- Warsaw University of Technology, 8 Boboli Str., Warsaw, 02-525, Poland
| | - Milena Królikowska
- Photonic Nanostructure Facility, University of Warsaw, Division of Optics, 5 Pasteura Str., Warsaw, 02-093, Poland
| | - Martyna Mazur
- Warsaw University of Technology, 8 Boboli Str., Warsaw, 02-525, Poland
| | - Natalia Nowak
- Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Pasteur Str., Warsaw, 02-093, Poland
| | - Jędrzej Szymański
- Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Pasteur Str., Warsaw, 02-093, Poland
| | - Wojciech Krauze
- Warsaw University of Technology, 8 Boboli Str., Warsaw, 02-525, Poland
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Relton EL, Roth NJ, Yasa S, Kaleem A, Hermey G, Minnis CJ, Mole SE, Shelkovnikova T, Lefrancois S, McCormick PJ, Locker N. The Batten disease protein CLN3 is important for stress granules dynamics and translational activity. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:104649. [PMID: 36965618 PMCID: PMC10149212 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.104649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The assembly of membrane-less organelles such as stress granules (SGs) is emerging as central in helping cells rapidly respond and adapt to stress. Following stress sensing, the resulting global translational shutoff leads to the condensation of stalled mRNAs and proteins into SGs. By reorganizing cytoplasmic contents, SGs can modulate RNA translation, biochemical reactions, and signaling cascades to promote survival until the stress is resolved. While mechanisms for SG disassembly are not widely understood, the resolution of SGs is important for maintaining cell viability and protein homeostasis. Mutations that lead to persistent or aberrant SGs are increasingly associated with neuropathology and a hallmark of several neurodegenerative diseases. Mutations in CLN3 are causative of juvenile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis, a rare neurodegenerative disease affecting children also known as Batten disease. CLN3 encodes a transmembrane lysosomal protein implicated in autophagy, endosomal trafficking, metabolism, and response to oxidative stress. Using a HeLa cell model lacking CLN3, we now show that CLN3KO is associated with an altered metabolic profile, reduced global translation, and altered stress signaling. Furthermore, loss of CLN3 function results in perturbations in SG dynamics, resulting in assembly and disassembly defects, and altered expression of the key SG nucleating factor G3BP1. With a growing interest in SG-modulating drugs for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases, novel insights into the molecular basis of CLN3 Batten disease may reveal avenues for disease-modifying treatments for this debilitating childhood disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily L Relton
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
| | - Nicolas J Roth
- Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine, Queen Mary, University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, United Kingdom
| | - Seda Yasa
- Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Institut national de la recherche scientifique, Laval, Canada
| | - Abuzar Kaleem
- Institute for Molecular and Cellular Cognition, Center for Molecular Neurobiology Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Guido Hermey
- Institute for Molecular and Cellular Cognition, Center for Molecular Neurobiology Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christopher J Minnis
- Great Ormond Street, Institute of Child Health and MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology and Great Ormond Street, Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sara E Mole
- Great Ormond Street, Institute of Child Health and MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology and Great Ormond Street, Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Tatyana Shelkovnikova
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Stephane Lefrancois
- Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Institut national de la recherche scientifique, Laval, Canada; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Centre d'Excellence en Recherche sur les Maladies Orphelines - Fondation Courtois (CERMO-FC), Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM), Montréal, Canada
| | - Peter J McCormick
- Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine, Queen Mary, University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nicolas Locker
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom.
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Yerramilli VS, Ross AH, Scarlata S, Gericke A. IQGAP1 scaffolding links phosphoinositide kinases to cytoskeletal reorganization. Biophys J 2022; 121:793-807. [PMID: 35077666 PMCID: PMC8943696 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2022.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
IQGAP1 is a multidomain scaffold protein that coordinates the direction and impact of multiple signaling pathways by scaffolding its various binding partners. However, the spatial and temporal resolution of IQGAP1 scaffolding remains unclear. Here, we use fluorescence imaging and correlation methods that allow for real-time live-cell changes in IQGAP1 localization and complex formation during signaling. We find that IQGAP1 and PIPKIγ interact on both the plasma membrane and in cytosol. Epidermal growth factor (EGF) stimulation, which can initiate cytoskeletal changes, drives the movement of the cytosolic pool toward the plasma membrane to promote cytoskeletal changes. We also observe that a significant population of cytosolic IQGAP1-PIPKIγ complexes localize to early endosomes, and in some instances form aggregated clusters which become highly mobile upon EGF stimulation. Our imaging studies show that PIPKIγ and PI3K bind simultaneously to IQGAP1, which may accelerate conversion of PI4P to PI(3,4,5)P3 that is required for cytoskeletal changes. Additionally, we find that IQGAP1 is responsible for PIPKIγ association with two proteins associated with cytoskeletal changes, talin and Cdc42, during EGF stimulation. These results directly show that IQGAP1 provides a physical link between phosphoinositides (through PIPKIγ), focal adhesion formation (through talin), and cytoskeletal reorganization (through Cdc42) upon EGF stimulation. Taken together, our results support the importance of IQGAP1 in regulating cell migration by linking phosphoinositide lipid signaling with cytoskeletal reorganization.
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Affiliation(s)
- V. Siddartha Yerramilli
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, Massachusetts
| | - Alonzo H. Ross
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, Massachusetts,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts
| | - Suzanne Scarlata
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, Massachusetts
| | - Arne Gericke
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, Massachusetts.
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Amen T, Guihur A, Zelent C, Ursache R, Wilting J, Kaganovich D. Resveratrol and related stilbene derivatives induce stress granules with distinct clearance kinetics. Mol Biol Cell 2021; 32:ar18. [PMID: 34432484 PMCID: PMC8693967 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e21-02-0066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Stress granules (SGs) are ribonucleoprotein functional condensates that form under stress conditions in all eukaryotic cells. Although their stress-survival function is far from clear, SGs have been implicated in the regulation of many vital cellular pathways. Consequently, SG dysfunction is thought to be a mechanistic point of origin for many neurodegenerative disorders, including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Additionally, SGs are thought to play a role in pathogenic pathways as diverse as viral infection and chemotherapy resistance. There is a growing consensus on the hypothesis that understanding the mechanistic regulation of SG physical properties is essential to understanding their function. Although the internal dynamics and condensation mechanisms of SGs have been broadly investigated, there have been fewer investigations into the timing of SG formation and clearance in live cells. Because the lifetime of SG persistence can be a key factor in their function and tendency toward pathological dysregulation, SG clearance mechanisms deserve particular attention. Here we show that resveratrol and its analogues piceatannol, pterostilbene, and 3,4,5,4'-tetramethoxystilbene induce G3BP-dependent SG formation with atypically rapid clearance kinetics. Resveratrol binds to G3BP, thereby reducing its protein-protein association valency. We suggest that altering G3BP valency is a pathway for the formation of uniquely transient SGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Triana Amen
- Department of Experimental Neurodegeneration, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37073, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Anthony Guihur
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Christina Zelent
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37073, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Robertas Ursache
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jörg Wilting
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37073, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Daniel Kaganovich
- Department of Experimental Neurodegeneration, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37073, Goettingen, Germany.,1Base Pharmaceuticals, Boston, MA, 02129, USA
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Amen T, Kaganovich D. Stress granules inhibit fatty acid oxidation by modulating mitochondrial permeability. Cell Rep 2021; 35:109237. [PMID: 34133922 PMCID: PMC8220302 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The formation of stress granules (SGs) is an essential aspect of the cellular response to many kinds of stress, but its adaptive role is far from clear. SG dysfunction is implicated in aging-onset neurodegenerative diseases, prompting interest in their physiological function. Here, we report that during starvation stress, SGs interact with mitochondria and regulate metabolic remodeling. We show that SG formation leads to a downregulation of fatty acid β-oxidation (FAO) through the modulation of mitochondrial voltage-dependent anion channels (VDACs), which import fatty acids (FAs) into mitochondria. The subsequent decrease in FAO during long-term starvation reduces oxidative damage and rations FAs for longer use. Failure to form SGs, whether caused by the genetic deletion of SG components or an amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)-associated mutation, translates into an inability to downregulate FAO. Because metabolic dysfunction is a common pathological element of neurodegenerative diseases, including ALS, our findings provide a direction for studying the clinical relevance of SGs. Stress granules inhibit fatty acid oxidation Stress granules regulate VDAC levels Stress granules control mitochondrial permeability to fatty acids Stress granules redirect fatty acids to lipid droplets
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Affiliation(s)
- Triana Amen
- Department of Experimental Neurodegeneration, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Daniel Kaganovich
- 1Base Pharmaceuticals, Boston, MA 02129, USA; Department of Experimental Neurodegeneration, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany.
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