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Li W, Li N, Liang Z, Hou X, Si Y, Wang X, Feng X, Tai B, Hu D, Lin H, Wang B, Wang C, Zheng S, Liu X, Rong W, Wang W, Sun S, Meng H, Zhang Z. Long-term exposure to ambient fine particulate matter and periodontitis: An observational study using nationally representative survey data. J Clin Periodontol 2024; 51:596-609. [PMID: 38268133 DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.13950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
AIM The rising prevalence of periodontitis imposes substantial burdens on individuals and society. Identifying environmental risk factors for periodontitis may contribute to tackling the global public health burden of it. This study aimed to assess the association between long-term exposure to PM2.5 and periodontitis in a nationally representative population from China. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this multi-centre cross-sectional study of 372 communities in 31 provinces of Mainland China, we used data from the Fourth National Oral Health Survey of China in 2015-2016, in combination with high-resolution gridded concentrations of fine particulate matter (PM2.5). Logistic regression was applied to assess the relationship between long-term PM2.5 exposure and the risk of periodontitis. In addition, we examined whether the association varied by individual characteristics, and estimated the exposure-response relationship and the risk of damaged tooth in each tooth quadrant. RESULTS A total of 8391 participants from 96 cities were diagnosed with periodontitis, accounting for 60.04% (8391/13,459) of the participants. For each 10 μg/m3 increment in 1-, 3- and 5-year average concentrations of PM2.5, the risk of total periodontitis increased by 9.0% (95% confidence interval: 6.0%, 12.0%), 8.0% (6.0, 11·0) and 7.0% (5.0, 10.0), respectively. Mild periodontitis was more strongly associated with PM2.5 exposure than moderate and severe periodontitis. The teeth in the lower anterior, lower posterior or upper anterior are more susceptible to the effect of PM2.5 on the periodontal pocket, calculus and bleeding gums. CONCLUSIONS Long-term exposure to PM2.5 is significantly associated with an increased risk of periodontitis in the nationally representative Chinese population. Considering the rising prevalence of periodontitis, considerable costs of treatment, and substantially adverse effects on individuals and society, these findings suggest that stricter air quality regulations may help ease the burden of periodontal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Li
- Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Department of Geriatric Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
- Institute of Medical Technology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Na Li
- Department of Global Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhisheng Liang
- Department of Global Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xingduo Hou
- Department of Global Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Si
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Xing Wang
- Chinese Stomatological Association, Beijing, China
| | - Xiping Feng
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Baojun Tai
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Deyu Hu
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Huancai Lin
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yet-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bo Wang
- Chinese Stomatological Association, Beijing, China
| | - Chunxiao Wang
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Shuguo Zheng
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Xuenan Liu
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Wensheng Rong
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Weijian Wang
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Shengzhi Sun
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Huanxing Meng
- Department of Periodontology, Peking University School of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenyu Zhang
- Department of Global Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Institute for Global Health and Development, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Institute of Carbon Neutrality, Peking University, Beijing, China
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Chen H, Peng L, Wang Z, He Y, Zhang X. Exploring the causal relationship between periodontitis and gut microbiome: Unveiling the oral-gut and gut-oral axes through bidirectional Mendelian randomization. J Clin Periodontol 2024; 51:417-430. [PMID: 38016486 DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.13906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Revised: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
AIM This Mendelian randomization (MR) study was performed to explore the potential bidirectional causal relationship between the gut microbiome (GM) and periodontitis. MATERIALS AND METHODS We used genetic instruments from the genome-wide association study of European descent for periodontitis from the GeneLifestyle Interactions in Dental Endpoints (GLIDE) consortium (17,353 cases and 28,210 controls) and the FinnGen consortium (4434 cases and 259,234 controls) to investigate the causal relationship with GM (the MiBioGen consortium, 18,340 samples), and vice versa. Several MR techniques, which include inverse variance weighting (IVW), MR-Egger, weighted median, simple mode and weighted mode approaches, were employed to investigate the causal relationship between the exposures and the outcomes. Cochran's Q-test was performed to detect heterogeneity. The MR-Egger regression intercept and MR pleiotropy residual sum and outlier test (MR-PRESSO) were conducted to test potential horizontal pleiotropy. Leave-one-out sensitivity analyses were used to assess the stabilities of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Finally, the IVW results from the two databases were analysed using meta-analysis. RESULTS We confirmed three potential causal relationships between GM taxa and periodontitis at the genus level. Among them, the genera Alistipes and Holdemanella were genetically associated with an increased risk of periodontitis. In reverse, periodontitis may lead to a decreased abundance of the genus Ruminococcaceae UCG014. CONCLUSIONS The demonstration of a causal link between GM and periodontitis provides compelling evidence, highlighting the interconnectivity and interdependence of the gut-oral and oral-gut axes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Chen
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Limin Peng
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhenxiang Wang
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yujuan He
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine (Ministry of Education), Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaonan Zhang
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Li Y, Wang X, Zhang Z, Shi L, Cheng L, Zhang X. Effect of the gut microbiome, plasma metabolome, peripheral cells, and inflammatory cytokines on obesity: a bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization study and mediation analysis. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1348347. [PMID: 38558794 PMCID: PMC10981273 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1348347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Obesity is a metabolic and chronic inflammatory disease involving genetic and environmental factors. This study aimed to investigate the causal relationship among gut microbiota abundance, plasma metabolomics, peripheral cell (blood and immune cell) counts, inflammatory cytokines, and obesity. Methods Summary statistics of 191 gut microbiota traits (N = 18,340), 1,400 plasma metabolite traits (N = 8,299), 128 peripheral cell counts (blood cells, N = 408,112; immune cells, N = 3,757), 41 inflammatory cytokine traits (N = 8,293), and 6 obesity traits were obtained from publicly available genome-wide association studies. Two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis was applied to infer the causal links using inverse variance-weighted, maximum likelihood, MR-Egger, weighted median, weighted mode, and Wald ratio methods. Several sensitivity analyses were also utilized to ensure reliable MR results. Finally, we used mediation analysis to identify the pathway from gut microbiota to obesity mediated by plasma metabolites, peripheral cells, and inflammatory cytokines. Results MR revealed a causal effect of 44 gut microbiota taxa, 281 plasma metabolites, 27 peripheral cells, and 8 inflammatory cytokines on obesity. Among them, five shared causal gut microbiota taxa belonged to the phylum Actinobacteria, order Bifidobacteriales, family Bifidobacteriaceae, genus Lachnospiraceae UCG008, and species Eubacterium nodatum group. Furthermore, we screened 42 shared causal metabolites, 7 shared causal peripheral cells, and 1 shared causal inflammatory cytokine. Based on known causal metabolites, we observed that the metabolic pathways of D-arginine, D-ornithine, linoleic acid, and glycerophospholipid metabolism were closely related to obesity. Finally, mediation analysis revealed 20 mediation relationships, including the causal pathway from gut microbiota to obesity, mediated by 17 metabolites, 2 peripheral cells, and 1 inflammatory cytokine. Sensitivity analysis represented no heterogeneity or pleiotropy in this study. Conclusion Our findings support a causal relationship among gut microbiota, plasma metabolites, peripheral cells, inflammatory cytokines, and obesity. These biomarkers provide new insights into the mechanisms underlying obesity and contribute to its prevention, diagnosis, and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Li
- Human Molecular Genetics Group, National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Molecular Probes and Targeted Diagnosis and Therapy, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Department of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Molecular Probes and Targeted Diagnosis and Therapy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Human Molecular Genetics Group, National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Molecular Probes and Targeted Diagnosis and Therapy, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Molecular Probes and Targeted Diagnosis and Therapy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Zitong Zhang
- Human Molecular Genetics Group, National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Molecular Probes and Targeted Diagnosis and Therapy, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Molecular Probes and Targeted Diagnosis and Therapy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Department of Medical Genetics, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Lei Shi
- Human Molecular Genetics Group, National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Molecular Probes and Targeted Diagnosis and Therapy, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Molecular Probes and Targeted Diagnosis and Therapy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Department of Medical Genetics, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Liang Cheng
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Molecular Probes and Targeted Diagnosis and Therapy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xue Zhang
- Human Molecular Genetics Group, National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Molecular Probes and Targeted Diagnosis and Therapy, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Department of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Molecular Probes and Targeted Diagnosis and Therapy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Department of Medical Genetics, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
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Chen Y, Xue Y, Jia L, Yang M, Huang G, Xie J. Causal effects of gut microbiota on autism spectrum disorder: A two-sample mendelian randomization study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2024; 103:e37284. [PMID: 38428908 PMCID: PMC10906619 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000037284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024] Open
Abstract
There is increasing evidence that alterations in gut microbiota (GM) composition are associated with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), but no reliable causal relationship has been established. Therefore, a 2-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) study was conducted to reveal a potential causal relationship between GM and ASD. Instrumental variables for 211 GM taxa were obtained from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and Mendelian randomization studies to estimate their impact on ASD risk in the iPSYCH-PGC GWAS dataset (18,382 ASD cases and 27,969 controls). Inverse variance weighted (IVW) is the primary method for causality analysis, and several sensitivity analyses validate MR results. Among 211 GM taxa, IVW results confirmed that Tenericutes (P value = .0369), Mollicutes (P value = .0369), Negativicutes (P value = .0374), Bifidobacteriales (P value = .0389), Selenomonadales (P value = .0374), Bifidobacteriaceae (P value = .0389), Family XIII (P value = .0149), Prevotella7 (P value = .0215), Ruminococcaceae NK4A214 group (P value = .0205) were potential protective factors for ASD. Eisenbergiella (P value = .0159) was a possible risk factor for ASD. No evidence of heterogeneous, pleiotropic, or outlier single-nucleotide polymorphism was detected. Additionally, further sensitivity analysis verified the robustness of the above results. We confirm a potential causal relationship between certain gut microbes and ASD, providing new insights into how gut microbes mediate ASD. The association between them needs to be further explored and will provide new ideas for the prevention and treatment of ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajun Chen
- North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, China
- Department of Pediatrics, The Third People’s Hospital of Chengdu, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yan Xue
- Department of Pediatrics, The Third People’s Hospital of Chengdu, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lang Jia
- Department of Pediatrics, The Third People’s Hospital of Chengdu, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
| | - Menghan Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, The Third People’s Hospital of Chengdu, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
| | - Gelin Huang
- Sichuan University-The Chinese University of Hong Kong (SCU-CUHK) Joint Laboratory for Reproductive Medicine, Key Laboratory of Obstetric, Gynaecologic and Paediatric Diseases and Birth Defects of Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiang Xie
- Department of Pediatrics, The Third People’s Hospital of Chengdu, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
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Xu M, Shao Q, Zhou Y, Yu Y, Wang S, Wang A, Cai Y. Potential effects of specific gut microbiota on periodontal disease: a two-sample bidirectional Mendelian randomization study. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1322947. [PMID: 38314435 PMCID: PMC10834673 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1322947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Periodontal disease (PD) presents a substantial global health challenge, encompassing conditions from reversible gingivitis to irreversible periodontitis, often culminating in tooth loss. The gut-oral axis has recently emerged as a focal point, with potential gut microbiota dysbiosis exacerbating PD. Methods In this study, we employed a double-sample bidirectional Mendelian randomized (MR) approach to investigate the causal relationship between specific gut microbiota and periodontal disease (PD) and bleeding gum (BG) development, while exploring the interplay between periodontal health and the gut microenvironment. We performed genome-wide association studies (GWAS) with two cohorts, totalling 346,731 (PD and control) and 461,113 (BG and control) participants, along with data from 14,306 participants' intestinal flora GWAS, encompassing 148 traits (31 families and 117 genera). Three MR methods were used to assess causality, with the in-verse-variance-weighted (IVW) measure as the primary outcome. Cochrane's Q test, MR-Egger, and MR-PRESSO global tests were used to detect heterogeneity and pleiotropy. The leave-one-out method was used to test the stability of the MR results. An F-statistic greater than 10 was accepted for instrument exposure association. Results and conclusion Specifically, Eubacterium xylanophilum and Lachnoclostridium were associated with reduced gum bleeding risk, whereas Anaerotruncus, Eisenbergiella, and Phascolarctobacterium were linked to reduced PD risk. Conversely, Fusicatenibacter was associated with an elevated risk of PD. No significant heterogeneity or pleiotropy was detected. In conclusion, our MR analysis pinpointed specific gut flora with causal connections to PD, offering potential avenues for oral health interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Xu
- Department of Stomatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiang Shao
- IT Department, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yinglu Zhou
- Nursing Department, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yili Yu
- Department of Stomatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuwei Wang
- Dental Diseases Prevention and Treatment Center of Jiading District, Shanghai, China
| | - An Wang
- Shanghai Jingan Dental Clinic, Shanghai, China
| | - Yida Cai
- Department of Stomatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Leonov GE, Varaeva YR, Livantsova EN, Starodubova AV. The Complicated Relationship of Short-Chain Fatty Acids and Oral Microbiome: A Narrative Review. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2749. [PMID: 37893122 PMCID: PMC10604844 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11102749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The human oral microbiome has emerged as a focal point of research due to its profound implications for human health. The involvement of short-chain fatty acids in oral microbiome composition, oral health, and chronic inflammation is gaining increasing attention. In this narrative review, the results of early in vitro, in vivo, and pilot clinical studies and research projects are presented in order to define the boundaries of this new complicated issue. According to the results, the current research data are disputable and ambiguous. When investigating the role of SCFAs in human health and disease, it is crucial to distinguish between their local GI effects and the systemic influences. Locally, SCFAs are a part of normal oral microbiota metabolism, but the increased formation of SCFAs usually attribute to dysbiosis; excess SCFAs participate in the development of local oral diseases and in oral biota gut colonization and dysbiosis. On the other hand, a number of studies have established the positive impact of SCFAs on human health as a whole, including the reduction of chronic systemic inflammation, improvement of metabolic processes, and decrease of some types of cancer incidence. Thus, a complex and sophisticated approach with consideration of origin and localization for SCFA function assessment is demanded. Therefore, more research, especially clinical research, is needed to investigate the complicated relationship of SCFAs with health and disease and their potential role in prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgy E Leonov
- Federal Research Center of Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food Safety, 109240 Moscow, Russia
| | - Yurgita R Varaeva
- Federal Research Center of Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food Safety, 109240 Moscow, Russia
| | - Elena N Livantsova
- Federal Research Center of Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food Safety, 109240 Moscow, Russia
| | - Antonina V Starodubova
- Federal Research Center of Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food Safety, 109240 Moscow, Russia
- Therapy Faculty, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, 117997 Moscow, Russia
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Hu G, Song C, Yang Y, Wang W, Wang A, Huang M, Lei L, Wu Y. Causal relationship between circulating lipid traits and periodontitis: univariable and multivariable Mendelian randomization. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1214232. [PMID: 37583432 PMCID: PMC10424932 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1214232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The correlation between dyslipidemia and periodontitis is revealed through epidemiological studies. However, the results are affected by several confounding factors. This study aims to elucidate the genetic causal association between circulating lipid traits and periodontitis by two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis. Methods After the different screening processes, two cohorts of circulating lipid traits from the UK Biobank were used as exposure data, including five circulating lipid traits. The Periodontitis cohort was selected from the GeneLifestyle Interactions in Dental Endpoints (GLIDE) consortium as outcome data. In univariable MR, the inverse variance weighted (IVW) was used in conjunction with six additional analytical methods to assess causality. The Cochran Q test, IGX 2 statistic, MR-PRESSO, and MR-Egger intercept were used to quantify heterogeneity and pleiotropy. The multivariable MR-IVW (MVMR-IVW) and MVMR-robust were mainly used as analytical methods in the multiple MR analyses. Results The IVW estimates showed that genetically predicted Apolipoprotein A1 (apo A1) [odds ratio (OR)=1.158, 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.007-1.331, P-value=0.040] was potentially associated with the risk of periodontitis, but the statistical power of the results was low. Multivariable MR analysis did not reveal any significant causal relationship between apo A1 and periodontitis (OR=0.72, 95% CI=0.36-1.41, P-value=0.34). In the validation cohort, there was also no significant causal relationship between apo A1 and periodontitis (OR=1.079, 95% CI=0.903-1.290, P-value=0.401). Meanwhile, genetically predicted Apolipoprotein B (apo B), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and triglyceride (TG) (all P-values>0.05) were not significantly associated with the risk of periodontitis causal inference. Conclusion This MR analysis was unable to provide genetic evidence for the influence of these five circulating lipid traits on periodontitis. However, a more extensive study with a more comprehensive circulating lipid profile and periodontitis data is needed due to study limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaofu Hu
- Department of Periodontology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chengjie Song
- Department of Periodontology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuxuan Yang
- Department of Periodontology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wenhao Wang
- Department of Periodontology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ao Wang
- Department of Periodontology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mei Huang
- Periodontology Unit, University College London Eastman Dental Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Lihong Lei
- Department of Periodontology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yanmin Wu
- Department of Periodontology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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