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Yoshida T, Delaney A. Impact of Childhood Cancer on Growth. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2024; 109:e892-e900. [PMID: 37539847 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgad457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
Along with improvements in cancer treatment over time, the number of childhood cancer survivors has been growing. Survivors are at risk for serious medical complications, and growth impairment is among the most common. There are multiple factors that may cause impaired growth among survivors. In this article, we review the impact of cancer on growth in children and adolescents. We first provide an overview of growth disturbance among childhood cancer patients and survivors due to nonhormonal causes, including a recent understanding of the effect of targeted cancer therapies (eg, tyrosine kinase inhibitors and immune checkpoint inhibitors) on growth. Then we describe the hormonal causes of growth impairment among survivors, focusing on growth hormone deficiency, including the prevalence, risk factors, and treatment. Lastly, we briefly summarize overgrowth and tall stature in childhood cancer. It is critical to assess the linear growth of children and adolescents, especially in cancer survivors who are at risk for growth disturbance, since growth is an important measure of their health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoko Yoshida
- Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Angela Delaney
- Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatric Medicine, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
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Romano A, Sollazzo F, Rivetti S, Morra L, Servidei T, Lucchetti D, Attinà G, Maurizi P, Mastrangelo S, Zovatto IC, Monti R, Bianco M, Palmieri V, Ruggiero A. Evaluation of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Risk Measured by Laboratory Biomarkers and Cardiopulmonary Exercise Test in Children and Adolescents Recovered from Brain Tumors: The CARMEP Study. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:324. [PMID: 38254811 PMCID: PMC10813808 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16020324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
In recent decades, the improvement of treatments and the adoption of therapeutic protocols of international cooperation has led to an improvement in the survival of children affected by brain tumors. However, in parallel with the increase in survival, long-term side effects related to treatments have been observed over time, including the activation of chronic inflammatory processes and metabolic alterations, which can facilitate the onset of metabolic syndrome and increased cardiovascular risk. The aim of this study was to find possible statistically significant differences in the serum concentrations of early biomarkers of metabolic syndrome and in the results of cardiopulmonary exercise testing between survivors of childhood brain tumors and healthy controls. This is a prospective and observational study conducted on a group of 14 male patients who survived childhood brain tumors compared with the same number of healthy controls. The concentrations of early metabolic syndrome biomarkers [adiponectin, leptin, TNF-α, IL-1, IL-6, IL-10, endothelin-1, apolipoprotein B, and lipoprotein (a)] were measured and a cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) was performed. Results: Childhood brain tumor survivors performed worse on average than controls on the CPET. Furthermore, they showed higher endothelin-1 values than controls (p = 0.025). The CPET results showed an inverse correlation with leptin. The differences found highlight the greater cardiovascular risk of brain tumor survivors, and radiotherapy could be implicated in the genesis of this greater cardiovascular risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Romano
- Pediatric Oncology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (S.R.); (T.S.); (G.A.); (P.M.); (S.M.); (A.R.)
| | - Fabrizio Sollazzo
- Sports Medicine Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (F.S.); (L.M.); (I.C.Z.); (R.M.); (M.B.); (V.P.)
| | - Serena Rivetti
- Pediatric Oncology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (S.R.); (T.S.); (G.A.); (P.M.); (S.M.); (A.R.)
| | - Lorenzo Morra
- Sports Medicine Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (F.S.); (L.M.); (I.C.Z.); (R.M.); (M.B.); (V.P.)
| | - Tiziana Servidei
- Pediatric Oncology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (S.R.); (T.S.); (G.A.); (P.M.); (S.M.); (A.R.)
| | - Donatella Lucchetti
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy;
| | - Giorgio Attinà
- Pediatric Oncology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (S.R.); (T.S.); (G.A.); (P.M.); (S.M.); (A.R.)
| | - Palma Maurizi
- Pediatric Oncology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (S.R.); (T.S.); (G.A.); (P.M.); (S.M.); (A.R.)
- Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Mastrangelo
- Pediatric Oncology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (S.R.); (T.S.); (G.A.); (P.M.); (S.M.); (A.R.)
- Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Isabella Carlotta Zovatto
- Sports Medicine Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (F.S.); (L.M.); (I.C.Z.); (R.M.); (M.B.); (V.P.)
| | - Riccardo Monti
- Sports Medicine Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (F.S.); (L.M.); (I.C.Z.); (R.M.); (M.B.); (V.P.)
| | - Massimiliano Bianco
- Sports Medicine Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (F.S.); (L.M.); (I.C.Z.); (R.M.); (M.B.); (V.P.)
| | - Vincenzo Palmieri
- Sports Medicine Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (F.S.); (L.M.); (I.C.Z.); (R.M.); (M.B.); (V.P.)
| | - Antonio Ruggiero
- Pediatric Oncology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (S.R.); (T.S.); (G.A.); (P.M.); (S.M.); (A.R.)
- Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
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Han L, Tian H, Guo X, Zhang L. Regulation of ovarian function by growth hormone: Potential intervention of ovarian aging. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:1072313. [PMID: 36699044 PMCID: PMC9868403 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1072313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Growth hormone (GH) is mainly secreted by eosinophils of anterior pituitary gland. GH plays an important role in regulating the growth and development of many tissues and cells, so it is used in the treatment of many diseases. In recent years, the regulation of GH on ovarian function has attracted much attention. GH has been applied in controlled ovarian hyperstimulation, particularly in the patients with advanced age, diminished ovarian reserve (DOR) and poor ovarian response (POR). GH can directly bind to the growth hormone receptor (GHR) on the ovary to promote the growth, maturation and ovulation of follicles, as well as to inhibit follicular atresia. GH so as to promote the occurrence of early follicles, enhance the sensitivity of follicles to gonadotropins, accelerate the maturation of oocyte nucleus, improve mitochondrial activity and the quality of oocytes through the insulin-like growth factor (IGF) system, which is an indirect regulation. The deep-seated effects of GH on human reproduction and ovarian aging need further basic research and clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Han
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, Shandong, China
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Maternal and Child Health Hospital Affiliated to Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Hongcheng Tian
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Guo
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, Shandong, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, Shandong, China
- *Correspondence: Lei Zhang,
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