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Yilmaz D, Miranda B, Lonardo E, Rea I, De Stefano L, De Luca AC. SERS-based pH-Dependent detection of sulfites in wine by hydrogel nanocomposites. Biosens Bioelectron 2024; 245:115836. [PMID: 37988876 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2023.115836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
Sulfur dioxide (SO2) and sulfites are well-known additives in winemaking due to their preservative properties. Although they can prevent oxidation and inhibit microbial growth, they pose health risks and require limitations on their use. Consequently, the total level of SO2 is regulated and several quantification strategies have been proposed. The approved detection methods require the extraction of SO2 by heating and/or acid treatment. Then, iodine or acid/base titrations are conducted for the detection of liberated SO2. Although these methods can provide sensitive detection of SO2, they are complex, time-consuming, and require sample preparation steps and skilled operators. Thus, to overcome these disadvantages, an easy-to-use method, involving simple sample preparation steps, and offering high sensitivity and selectivity, is desirable. Herein, we introduce a SERS-based strategy for SO2 detection in liquids using hydrogel nanocomposites. The hydrogels are prepared by poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA) in the presence of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), acting as the SERS substrate. The use of hydrogels ensures a homogenous signal distribution and an efficient collection of SO2, and drying the hydrogels enhances and stabilizes the obtained SO2 signal. The detection strategy is based on the pH-dependent dissociation of SO2. By adjusting the pH value of wine to 10 through simple dilutions, SO2 can be directly detected in wine, down to 0.4 ppm, well below the regulatory limits. The proposed method allows for sensitive, direct, cost-effective detection of SO2 by eliminating the loss of the gaseous form of the sample and avoids titration-based detection methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deniz Yilmaz
- Institute for Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, "G. Salvatore" (IEOS), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Naples, Italy
| | - Bruno Miranda
- Institute of Applied Sciences and Intelligent Systems (ISASI), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Naples, Italy
| | - Enza Lonardo
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics (IGB), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Naples, Italy
| | - Ilaria Rea
- Institute of Applied Sciences and Intelligent Systems (ISASI), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Naples, Italy
| | - Luca De Stefano
- Institute of Applied Sciences and Intelligent Systems (ISASI), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Naples, Italy.
| | - Anna Chiara De Luca
- Institute for Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, "G. Salvatore" (IEOS), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Naples, Italy.
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2
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Sondhi P, Adeniji T, Lingden D, Stine KJ. Advances in endotoxin analysis. Adv Clin Chem 2024; 118:1-34. [PMID: 38280803 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acc.2023.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2024]
Abstract
The outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria is primarily composed of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). In addition to protection, LPS defines the distinct serogroups used to identify bacteria specifically. Furthermore, LPS also act as highly potent stimulators of innate immune cells, a phenomenon essential to understanding pathogen invasion in the body. The complex multi-step process of LPS binding to cells involves several binding partners, including LPS binding protein (LBP), CD14 in both membrane-bound and soluble forms, membrane protein MD-2, and toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4). Once these pathways are activated, pro-inflammatory cytokines are eventually expressed. These binding events are also affected by the presence of monomeric or aggregated LPS. Traditional techniques to detect LPS include the rabbit pyrogen test, the monocyte activation test and Limulus-based tests. Modern approaches are based on protein, antibodies or aptamer binding. Recently, novel techniques including electrochemical methods, HPLC, quartz crystal microbalance (QCM), and molecular imprinting have been developed. These approaches often use nanomaterials such as gold nanoparticles, quantum dots, nanotubes, and magnetic nanoparticles. This chapter reviews current developments in endotoxin detection with a focus on modern novel techniques that use various sensing components, ranging from natural biomolecules to synthetic materials. Highly integrated and miniaturized commercial endotoxin detection devices offer a variety of options as the scientific and technologic revolution proceeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Palak Sondhi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Missouri-Saint Louis, Saint Louis, MO, United States
| | - Taiwo Adeniji
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Missouri-Saint Louis, Saint Louis, MO, United States
| | - Dhanbir Lingden
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Missouri-Saint Louis, Saint Louis, MO, United States
| | - Keith J Stine
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Missouri-Saint Louis, Saint Louis, MO, United States.
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Sutarlie L, Chee HL, Ow SY, Aabdin Z, Tjiu WW, Su X. A rapid total bacterial count method using gold nanoparticles conjugated with an aptamer for water quality assessment. Nanoscale 2023; 15:16675-16686. [PMID: 37823252 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr02635c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Total bacterial count is a routine parameter in microbial safety assessment used in many fields, such as drinking water and industrial water testing. The current gold standard method for counting bacteria is the plate culture method (or heterotrophic plate count) that requires a microbiology laboratory and a long turnover time of at least 24 hours. To tackle these shortcomings, we developed a rapid total bacterial count method that relies on gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) conjugated with affinity ligands to stain bacterial cells captured on a syringe filter. Two affinity ligands were exploited, i.e. a DNA aptamer (AB2) and a lectin Griffonia simplicifolia II (GSII) that recognize bacterial cell wall commonalities, i.e. peptidoglycan and its amino sugars. Upon proper formulation with addition of a surfactant, the AB2 conjugated AuNPs (AB2-AuNPs) can selectively stain bacterial cells captured on the filter membrane with a higher sensitivity than GSII-AuNPs. Measuring the staining intensity using an in-house-built handheld detector allowed us to correlate its intensity reading with the total number of bacterial units present. This bacteria quantification method, referred to as "Filter-and-Stain", had an efficient turnover time of 20 min suggesting its potential usage for rapid on-site applications. Additionally, the detection sensitivity provided by the AB2-AuNP nanoreagent offered a limit of detection as low as 100 CFU mL-1. We have demonstrated the use of the AB2-AuNPs for detection of bacteria from environmental water samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Sutarlie
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03, Singapore 138634, Republic of Singapore.
| | - Heng Li Chee
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03, Singapore 138634, Republic of Singapore.
| | - Sian Yang Ow
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03, Singapore 138634, Republic of Singapore.
| | - Zainul Aabdin
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03, Singapore 138634, Republic of Singapore.
| | - Weng Weei Tjiu
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03, Singapore 138634, Republic of Singapore.
| | - Xiaodi Su
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03, Singapore 138634, Republic of Singapore.
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Block S8, Level 3, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543
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Rusciano G, Capaccio A, Sasso A, Capo A, Almuzara CM, Staiano M, D’Auria S, Varriale A. A Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy-Based Biosensor for the Detection of Biological Macromolecules: The Case of the Lipopolysaccharide Endotoxin Molecules. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12099. [PMID: 37569474 PMCID: PMC10419157 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of sensitive methods for the detection of endotoxin molecules, such as lipopolysaccharides (LPS), is essential for food safety and health control. Conventional analytical methods used for LPS detection are based on the pyrogen test, plating and culture-based methods, and the limulus amoebocyte lysate method (LAL). Alternatively, the development of reliable biosensors for LPS detection would be highly desirable to solve some critical issues, such as high cost and a long turnaround time. In this work, we present a label-free Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SERS)-based method for LPS detection in its free form. The proposed method combines the benefits of plasmonic enhancement with the selectivity provided by a specific anti-lipid A antibody (Ab). A high-enhancing nanostructured silver substrate was coated with Ab. The presence of LPS was quantitatively monitored by analyzing the changes in the Ab spectra obtained in the absence and presence of LPS. A limit of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) of 12 ng/mL and 41 ng/mL were estimated, respectively. Importantly, the proposed technology could be easily expanded for the determination of other biological macromolecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Rusciano
- Department of Physics “E. Pancini”, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80126 Naples, Italy; (G.R.); (A.C.); (A.S.)
| | - Angela Capaccio
- Department of Physics “E. Pancini”, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80126 Naples, Italy; (G.R.); (A.C.); (A.S.)
- Institute of Food Sciences (ISA), CNR, 83100 Avellino, Italy; (A.C.); (C.M.A.); (M.S.)
| | - Antonio Sasso
- Department of Physics “E. Pancini”, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80126 Naples, Italy; (G.R.); (A.C.); (A.S.)
| | - Alessandro Capo
- Institute of Food Sciences (ISA), CNR, 83100 Avellino, Italy; (A.C.); (C.M.A.); (M.S.)
| | | | - Maria Staiano
- Institute of Food Sciences (ISA), CNR, 83100 Avellino, Italy; (A.C.); (C.M.A.); (M.S.)
| | - Sabato D’Auria
- Department of Biology, Agriculture and Food Sciences, CNR, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Varriale
- Institute of Food Sciences, URT-CNR at Department of Biology, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80126 Naples, Italy;
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Tramontano C, De Stefano L, Rea I. Diatom-Based Nanomedicine for Colorectal Cancer Treatment: New Approaches for Old Challenges. Mar Drugs 2023; 21:md21050266. [PMID: 37233460 DOI: 10.3390/md21050266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is among the most prevalent and lethal cancers globally. To address this emergency, countries have developed diffuse screening programs and innovative surgical techniques with a consequent decrease in mortality rates in non-metastatic patients. However, five years after diagnosis, metastatic CRC is still characterized by less than 20% survival. Most patients with metastatic CRC cannot be surgically treated. For them, the only option is treatment with conventional chemotherapies, which cause harmful side effects in normal tissues. In this context, nanomedicine can help traditional medicine overcome its limits. Diatomite nanoparticles (DNPs) are innovative nano-based drug delivery systems derived from the powder of diatom shells. Diatomite is a porous biosilica largely found in many areas of the world and approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for pharmaceutical and animal feed formulations. Diatomite nanoparticles with a size between 300 and 400 nm were shown to be biocompatible nanocarriers capable of delivering chemotherapeutic agents against specific targets while reducing off-target effects. This review discusses the treatment of colorectal cancer with conventional methods, highlighting the drawbacks of standard medicine and exploring innovative options based on the use of diatomite-based drug delivery systems. Three targeted treatments are considered: anti-angiogenetic drugs, antimetastatic drugs, and immune checkpoint inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Tramontano
- Institute of Applied Science and Intelligent Systems (ISASI), National Research Council of Italy-Naples Unit, Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Luca De Stefano
- Institute of Applied Science and Intelligent Systems (ISASI), National Research Council of Italy-Naples Unit, Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Ilaria Rea
- Institute of Applied Science and Intelligent Systems (ISASI), National Research Council of Italy-Naples Unit, Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy
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6
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Boraschi D, Canesi L, Drobne D, Kemmerling B, Pinsino A, Prochazkova P. Interaction between nanomaterials and the innate immune system across evolution. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2023; 98:747-774. [PMID: 36639936 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Interaction of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) with the immune system mainly occurs with cells and molecules of innate immunity, which are present in interface tissues of living organisms. Immuno-nanotoxicological studies aim at understanding if and when such interaction is inconsequential or may cause irreparable damage. Since innate immunity is the first line of immune reactivity towards exogenous agents and is highly conserved throughout evolution, this review focuses on the major effector cells of innate immunity, the phagocytes, and their major sensing receptors, Toll-like receptors (TLRs), for assessing the modes of successful versus pathological interaction between ENMs and host defences. By comparing the phagocyte- and TLR-dependent responses to ENMs in plants, molluscs, annelids, crustaceans, echinoderms and mammals, we aim to highlight common recognition and elimination mechanisms and the general sufficiency of innate immunity for maintaining tissue integrity and homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Boraschi
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology (SIAT), Chinese Academy of Science (CAS), 1068 Xueyuan Blvd, 518071, Shenzhen, China.,Institute of Protein Biochemistry and Cell Biology (IBBC), CNR, Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131, Naples, Italy.,Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn (SZN), Villa Comunale, 80132, Napoli, Italy.,China-Italy Joint Laboratory of Pharmacobiotechnology for Medical Immunomodulation (SIAT, CNR, SZN), Napoli, Italy
| | - Laura Canesi
- Department of Earth, Environment and Life Sciences, University of Genova, Corso Europa 26, 16132, Genova, Italy
| | - Damjana Drobne
- Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva ulica 101, 1000, Ljubliana, Slovenia
| | - Birgit Kemmerling
- ZMBP - Center for Plant Molecular Biology, Plant Biochemistry, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 32, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Annalisa Pinsino
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology (IFT), National Research Council (CNR), Via Ugo La Malfa 153, 90146, Palermo, Italy
| | - Petra Prochazkova
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Institute of Microbiology of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Vídeňská 1083, 142 20, Prague, Czech Republic
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7
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Yañez-Aulestia A, Gupta NK, Hernández M, Osorio-Toribio G, Sánchez-González E, Guzmán-Vargas A, Rivera JL, Ibarra IA, Lima E. Gold nanoparticles: current and upcoming biomedical applications in sensing, drug, and gene delivery. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:10886-10895. [PMID: 36093914 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc04826d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) present unique physicochemical characteristics, low cytotoxicity, chemical stability, size/morphology tunability, surface functionalization capability, and optical properties which can be exploited for detection applications (colorimetry, surface-enhanced Raman scattering, and photoluminescence). The current challenge for AuNPs is incorporating these properties in developing more sensible and selective sensing methods and multifunctional platforms capable of controlled and precise drug or gene delivery. This review briefly highlights the recent progress of AuNPs in biomedicine as bio-sensors and targeted nano vehicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Yañez-Aulestia
- Laboratorio de Fisicoquímica y Reactividad de Superficies (LaFReS), Instituto de Investigaciones en Materiales, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, Circuito Exterior S/N, CU, Del. Coyoacán, Ciudad de Mexico, 04510, Mexico.
| | - Nishesh Kumar Gupta
- Laboratorio de Fisicoquímica y Reactividad de Superficies (LaFReS), Instituto de Investigaciones en Materiales, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, Circuito Exterior S/N, CU, Del. Coyoacán, Ciudad de Mexico, 04510, Mexico. .,University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea.,Department of Land, Water, and Environment Research, Korea Institute of Civil Engineering and Building Technology (KICT), Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Magali Hernández
- Departamento de Ingeniería y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán Av. 1 de Mayo s/n, Cuautitlán Izcalli, Edo. de Méx, 54740, Mexico
| | - Génesis Osorio-Toribio
- Laboratorio de Fisicoquímica y Reactividad de Superficies (LaFReS), Instituto de Investigaciones en Materiales, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, Circuito Exterior S/N, CU, Del. Coyoacán, Ciudad de Mexico, 04510, Mexico.
| | - Elí Sánchez-González
- Laboratorio de Fisicoquímica y Reactividad de Superficies (LaFReS), Instituto de Investigaciones en Materiales, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, Circuito Exterior S/N, CU, Del. Coyoacán, Ciudad de Mexico, 04510, Mexico.
| | - Ariel Guzmán-Vargas
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional - ESIQIE, Avenida IPN UPALM Edificio 7, Zacatenco, Mexico City, 07738, DF, Mexico.
| | - José L Rivera
- Facultad de Ciencias Físico-Matemáticas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia, 58000, Mexico
| | - Ilich A Ibarra
- Laboratorio de Fisicoquímica y Reactividad de Superficies (LaFReS), Instituto de Investigaciones en Materiales, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, Circuito Exterior S/N, CU, Del. Coyoacán, Ciudad de Mexico, 04510, Mexico.
| | - Enrique Lima
- Laboratorio de Fisicoquímica y Reactividad de Superficies (LaFReS), Instituto de Investigaciones en Materiales, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, Circuito Exterior S/N, CU, Del. Coyoacán, Ciudad de Mexico, 04510, Mexico.
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8
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Nair RV, Thomas T, Kuttoth H, Karthikeyan A, Nair BG, Sandhyarani N. Cu 2+-Mediated Aggregation of Gold Nanoparticles as an Optical Probe for the Detection of Endotoxin. Langmuir 2022; 38:10826-10835. [PMID: 35994084 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c01436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Endotoxins or lipopolysaccharides (LPS) present in the outer layer of Gram-negative bacteria (GNB) are responsible for bacterial toxicity. It is an environmental hazard that everyone is exposed to daily to various extents. Due to its potent toxicity, quantitative detection with very high sensitivity is essential in the food, medical, and pharmaceutical industries. Herein, we report an optical nanosensor for the rapid and sensitive detection of LPS and GNB based on the Cu2+-mediated aggregation of gold nanoparticles (Cu@AuNPs). The sensor detects LPS within a linear range of 20 ag/mL to 20 ng/mL with a lower detection limit of 0.2 ag/mL. The sensor could successfully recover spiked endotoxin in grape juice with a percentage error of ±0.2, confirming its application in the food industry. The sensor could also distinguish Gram-negative bacteria from Gram-positive bacteria, and the selectivity of the Cu@AuNP sensor toward GNB is utilized to detect Escherichia coli in wastewater. The rapid detection of E. coli without any pretreatment is a promising strategy in water analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Resmi V Nair
- Nanoscience Research Laboratory, School of Materials Science and Engineering, National Institute of Technology Calicut, Calicut 673601, Kerala, India
| | - Teena Thomas
- Nanoscience Research Laboratory, School of Materials Science and Engineering, National Institute of Technology Calicut, Calicut 673601, Kerala, India
| | - Haritha Kuttoth
- Nanoscience Research Laboratory, School of Materials Science and Engineering, National Institute of Technology Calicut, Calicut 673601, Kerala, India
| | - Akash Karthikeyan
- Bionano Engineering Laboratory, School of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology, Calicut, Calicut 673601, Kerala, India
| | - Baiju G Nair
- Bionano Engineering Laboratory, School of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology, Calicut, Calicut 673601, Kerala, India
| | - N Sandhyarani
- Nanoscience Research Laboratory, School of Materials Science and Engineering, National Institute of Technology Calicut, Calicut 673601, Kerala, India
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9
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De Tommasi E, De Luca AC. Diatom biosilica in plasmonics: applications in sensing, diagnostics and therapeutics [Invited]. Biomed Opt Express 2022; 13:3080-3101. [PMID: 35774319 PMCID: PMC9203090 DOI: 10.1364/boe.457483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Several living organisms are able to synthesize complex nanostructures provided with peculiar physical and chemical properties by means of finely-tuned, genetically controlled biomineralization processes. Frustules, in particular, are micro- and nano-structured silica shells produced by ubiquitous diatom microalgae, whose optical properties have been recently exploited in photonics, solar energy harvesting, and biosensing. Metallization of diatom biosilica, both in the shape of intact frustules or diatomite particles, can trigger plasmonic effects that in turn can find application in high-sensitive detection platforms, allowing to obtain effective nanosensors at low cost and on a large scale. The aim of the present review article is to provide a wide, complete overview on the main metallization techniques applied to diatom biosilica and on the principal applications of diatom-based plasmonic devices mainly but not exclusively in the fields of biochemical sensing, diagnostics and therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edoardo De Tommasi
- National Research Council, Institute of Applied Sciences and Intelligent Systems "Eduardo Caianiello", Unit of Naples, Via P. Castellino 111, I-80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Anna Chiara De Luca
- National Research Council, Institute for Endocrinology and Experimental Oncology "Gaetano Salvatore", Unit of Naples, Via P. Castellino 111, I-80131, Naples, Italy
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10
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Nocerino V, Miranda B, Tramontano C, Chianese G, Dardano P, Rea I, De Stefano L. Plasmonic Nanosensors: Design, Fabrication, and Applications in Biomedicine. Chemosensors 2022; 10:150. [DOI: 10.3390/chemosensors10050150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Current advances in the fabrication of smart nanomaterials and nanostructured surfaces find wide usage in the biomedical field. In this context, nanosensors based on localized surface plasmon resonance exhibit unprecedented optical features that can be exploited to reduce the costs, analytic times, and need for expensive lab equipment. Moreover, they are promising for the design of nanoplatforms with multiple functionalities (e.g., multiplexed detection) with large integration within microelectronics and microfluidics. In this review, we summarize the most recent design strategies, fabrication approaches, and bio-applications of plasmonic nanoparticles (NPs) arranged in colloids, nanoarrays, and nanocomposites. After a brief introduction on the physical principles behind plasmonic nanostructures both as inherent optical detection and as nanoantennas for external signal amplification, we classify the proposed examples in colloid-based devices when plasmonic NPs operate in solution, nanoarrays when they are assembled or fabricated on rigid substrates, and nanocomposites when they are assembled within flexible/polymeric substrates. We highlight the main biomedical applications of the proposed devices and offer a general overview of the main strengths and limitations of the currently available plasmonic nanodevices.
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11
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Mobed A, Hasanzadeh M. Environmental protection based on the nanobiosensing of bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPSs): material and method overview. RSC Adv 2022; 12:9704-9724. [PMID: 35424904 PMCID: PMC8959448 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra09393b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or endotoxin control is critical for environmental and healthcare issues. LPSs are responsible for several infections, including septic and shock sepsis, and are found in water samples. Accurate and specific diagnosis of endotoxin is one of the most challenging issues in medical bacteriology. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), plating and culture-based methods, and Limulus amebocyte lysate (LAL) assay are the conventional techniques in quantifying LPS in research and medical laboratories. However, these methods have been restricted due to their disadvantages, such as low sensitivity and time-consuming and complicated procedures. Therefore, the development of new and advanced methods is demanding, particularly in the biological and medical fields. Biosensor technology is an innovative method that developed extensively in the past decade. Biosensors are classified based on the type of transducer and bioreceptor. So in this review, various types of biosensors, such as optical (fluorescence, SERS, FRET, and SPR), electrochemical, photoelectrochemical, and electrochemiluminescence, on the biosensing of LPs were investigated. Also, the critical role of advanced nanomaterials on the performance of the above-mentioned biosensors is discussed. In addition, the application of different labels on the efficient usage of biosensors for LPS is surveyed comprehensively. Also, various bio-elements (aptamer, DNA, miRNA, peptide, enzyme, antibody, etc.) on the structure of the LPS biosensor are investigated. Finally, bio-analytical parameters that affect the performance of LPS biosensors are surveyed. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or endotoxin control is critical for environmental and healthcare issues.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Mobed
- Aging Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Iran
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Pharmaceutical Analysis Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 51664, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hasanzadeh
- Pharmaceutical Analysis Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 51664, Iran
- Nutrition Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Das GM, Managò S, Mangini M, De Luca AC. Biosensing Using SERS Active Gold Nanostructures. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2021; 11:2679. [PMID: 34685120 PMCID: PMC8539114 DOI: 10.3390/nano11102679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) has become a powerful tool for biosensing applications owing to its fingerprint recognition, high sensitivity, multiplex detection, and biocompatibility. This review provides an overview of the most significant aspects of SERS for biomedical and biosensing applications. We first introduced the mechanisms at the basis of the SERS amplifications: electromagnetic and chemical enhancement. We then illustrated several types of substrates and fabrication methods, with a focus on gold-based nanostructures. We further analyzed the relevant factors for the characterization of the SERS sensor performances, including sensitivity, reproducibility, stability, sensor configuration (direct or indirect), and nanotoxicity. Finally, a representative selection of applications in the biomedical field is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stefano Managò
- Laboratory of Biophotonics and Advanced Microscopy, Second Unit, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology “G. Salvatore” (IEOS), National Research Council (CNR), Via P. Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy; (G.M.D.); (M.M.)
| | | | - Anna Chiara De Luca
- Laboratory of Biophotonics and Advanced Microscopy, Second Unit, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology “G. Salvatore” (IEOS), National Research Council (CNR), Via P. Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy; (G.M.D.); (M.M.)
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