1
|
Li C, Sun JP, Wang N, Yan P, Wang R, Su B, Zhang T, Wu H, Chen H, Li Z, Huang XJ. Plasma Cytokine Expression and Immune Reconstitution in Early and Delayed Anti-HIV 96-Weeks Treatment: A Retrospective Study. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 2024; 40:101-109. [PMID: 37051683 DOI: 10.1089/aid.2022.0089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
HIV is an immunodeficiency disease with emergence of inadequate corresponding reconstruction therapies. Pyroptosis of CD4+T cell is mainly caused by immune activation and inflammation that cannot be reduced by successful antiretroviral therapy (ART) alone. Coinfections because of CD4+T cell reconstitution failure can occur. Anti-inflammatory treatment determines the success of immune reconstitution. In our experiment, only a few cytokines could recover to normal level following a 2-year antiretroviral treatment in early ART initiation, which is consistent with current findings about adjuvant HIV anti-inflammatory therapy. Early infection is often accompanied by a more severe inflammatory response. Innate immunity cytokines like granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor, IFN-γ induced protein 10 kDa, and tumor necrosis factor-α exhibited the most elevated levels among all kinds of inflammatory cytokines. The correlation analysis showed at least eight cytokines contributing to the changes of CD4/CD8 ratio.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chao Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory for HIV/AIDS Research, Clinical and Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing You-An Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jian-Ping Sun
- Biomedical Information Center, Beijing You-An Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ni Wang
- Biomedical Informatics Laboratory, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ping Yan
- Beijing Key Laboratory for HIV/AIDS Research, Clinical and Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing You-An Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for HIV/AIDS Research, Clinical and Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing You-An Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Su
- Beijing Key Laboratory for HIV/AIDS Research, Clinical and Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing You-An Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Tong Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for HIV/AIDS Research, Clinical and Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing You-An Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Wu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for HIV/AIDS Research, Clinical and Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing You-An Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Chen
- Biomedical Informatics Laboratory, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhen Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory for HIV/AIDS Research, Clinical and Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing You-An Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Jie Huang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for HIV/AIDS Research, Clinical and Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing You-An Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Schober R, Brandus B, Laeremans T, Iserentant G, Rolin C, Dessilly G, Zimmer J, Moutschen M, Aerts JL, Dervillez X, Seguin-Devaux C. Multimeric immunotherapeutic complexes activating natural killer cells towards HIV-1 cure. J Transl Med 2023; 21:791. [PMID: 37936122 PMCID: PMC10631209 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04669-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) has dramatically extended the life expectancy of people living with HIV-1 and improved their quality of life. There is nevertheless no cure for HIV-1 infection since HIV-1 persists in viral reservoirs of latently infected CD4+ T cells. cART does not eradicate HIV-1 reservoirs or restore cytotoxic natural killer (NK) cells which are dramatically reduced by HIV-1 infection, and express the checkpoint inhibitors NKG2A or KIR2DL upregulated after HIV-1 infection. Cytotoxic NK cells expressing the homing receptor CXCR5 were recently described as key subsets controlling viral replication. METHODS We designed and evaluated the potency of "Natural killer activating Multimeric immunotherapeutic compleXes", called as NaMiX, combining multimers of the IL-15/IL-15Rα complex with an anti-NKG2A or an anti-KIR single-chain fragment variable (scFv) to kill HIV-1 infected CD4+ T cells. The oligomerization domain of the C4 binding protein was used to associate the IL-15/IL-15Rα complex to the scFv of each checkpoint inhibitor as well as to multimerize each entity into a heptamer (α form) or a dimer (β form). Each α or β form was compared in different in vitro models using one-way ANOVA and post-hoc Tukey's tests before evaluation in humanized NSG tg-huIL-15 mice having functional NK cells. RESULTS All NaMiX significantly enhanced the cytolytic activity of NK and CD8+ T cells against Raji tumour cells and HIV-1+ ACH-2 cells by increasing degranulation, release of granzyme B, perforin and IFN-γ. Targeting NKG2A had a stronger effect than targeting KIR2DL due to higher expression of NKG2A on NK cells. In viral inhibition assays, NaMiX initially increased viral replication of CD4+ T cells which was subsequently inhibited by cytotoxic NK cells. Importantly, anti-NKG2A NaMiX enhanced activation, cytotoxicity, IFN-γ production and CXCR5 expression of NK cells from HIV-1 positive individuals. In humanized NSG tg-huIL-15 mice, we confirmed enhanced activation, degranulation, cytotoxicity of NK cells, and killing of HIV-1 infected cells from mice injected with the anti-NKG2A.α NaMiX, as compared to control mice, as well as decreased total HIV-1 DNA in the lung. CONCLUSIONS NK cell-mediated killing of HIV-1 infected cells by NaMiX represents a promising approach to support HIV-1 cure strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rafaëla Schober
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 29, Rue Henri Koch, L-4354, Esch-Sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Bianca Brandus
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 29, Rue Henri Koch, L-4354, Esch-Sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Thessa Laeremans
- Neuro-Aging and Viro-Immunotherapy (NAVI) Research Group, Faculty of Pharmacy and Medicine, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1090, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Gilles Iserentant
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 29, Rue Henri Koch, L-4354, Esch-Sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Camille Rolin
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 29, Rue Henri Koch, L-4354, Esch-Sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Géraldine Dessilly
- AIDS Reference Laboratory, Catholic University of Louvain, Ottignies-Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Jacques Zimmer
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 29, Rue Henri Koch, L-4354, Esch-Sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Michel Moutschen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Liège, CHU de Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Joeri L Aerts
- Neuro-Aging and Viro-Immunotherapy (NAVI) Research Group, Faculty of Pharmacy and Medicine, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1090, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Xavier Dervillez
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 29, Rue Henri Koch, L-4354, Esch-Sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Carole Seguin-Devaux
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 29, Rue Henri Koch, L-4354, Esch-Sur-Alzette, Luxembourg.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Pawar P, Gokavi J, Wakhare S, Bagul R, Ghule U, Khan I, Ganu V, Mukherjee A, Shete A, Rao A, Saxena V. MiR-155 Negatively Regulates Anti-Viral Innate Responses among HIV-Infected Progressors. Viruses 2023; 15:2206. [PMID: 38005883 PMCID: PMC10675553 DOI: 10.3390/v15112206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
HIV infection impairs host immunity, leading to progressive disease. An anti-retroviral treatment efficiently controls viremia but cannot completely restore the immune dysfunction in HIV-infected individuals. Both host and viral factors determine the rate of disease progression. Among the host factors, innate immunity plays a critical role; however, the mechanism(s) associated with dysfunctional innate responses are poorly understood among HIV disease progressors, which was investigated here. The gene expression profiles of TLRs and innate cytokines in HIV-infected (LTNPs and progressors) and HIV-uninfected individuals were examined. Since the progressors showed a dysregulated TLR-mediated innate response, we investigated the role of TLR agonists in restoring the innate functions of the progressors. The stimulation of PBMCs with TLR3 agonist-poly:(I:C), TLR7 agonist-GS-9620 and TLR9 agonist-ODN 2216 resulted in an increased expression of IFN-α, IFN-β and IL-6. Interestingly, the expression of IFITM3, BST-2, IFITM-3, IFI-16 was also increased upon stimulation with TLR3 and TLR7 agonists, respectively. To further understand the molecular mechanism involved, the role of miR-155 was explored. Increased miR-155 expression was noted among the progressors. MiR-155 inhibition upregulated the expression of TLR3, NF-κB, IRF-3, TNF-α and the APOBEC-3G, IFITM-3, IFI-16 and BST-2 genes in the PBMCs of the progressors. To conclude, miR-155 negatively regulates TLR-mediated cytokines as wel l as the expression of host restriction factors, which play an important role in mounting anti-HIV responses; hence, targeting miR-155 might be helpful in devising strategic approaches towards alleviating HIV disease progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Puja Pawar
- Division of Immunology and Serology, ICMR-National AIDS Research Institute, Pune 411026, India; (P.P.); (J.G.); (S.W.); (V.G.); (A.S.)
| | - Jyotsna Gokavi
- Division of Immunology and Serology, ICMR-National AIDS Research Institute, Pune 411026, India; (P.P.); (J.G.); (S.W.); (V.G.); (A.S.)
| | - Shilpa Wakhare
- Division of Immunology and Serology, ICMR-National AIDS Research Institute, Pune 411026, India; (P.P.); (J.G.); (S.W.); (V.G.); (A.S.)
| | - Rajani Bagul
- Division of Clinical Sciences, ICMR-National AIDS Research Institute, Pune 411026, India; (R.B.); (U.G.); (A.R.)
| | - Ujjwala Ghule
- Division of Clinical Sciences, ICMR-National AIDS Research Institute, Pune 411026, India; (R.B.); (U.G.); (A.R.)
| | - Ishrat Khan
- Division of Virology, ICMR-National AIDS Research Institute, Pune 411026, India; (I.K.); (A.M.)
| | - Varada Ganu
- Division of Immunology and Serology, ICMR-National AIDS Research Institute, Pune 411026, India; (P.P.); (J.G.); (S.W.); (V.G.); (A.S.)
| | - Anupam Mukherjee
- Division of Virology, ICMR-National AIDS Research Institute, Pune 411026, India; (I.K.); (A.M.)
| | - Ashwini Shete
- Division of Immunology and Serology, ICMR-National AIDS Research Institute, Pune 411026, India; (P.P.); (J.G.); (S.W.); (V.G.); (A.S.)
| | - Amrita Rao
- Division of Clinical Sciences, ICMR-National AIDS Research Institute, Pune 411026, India; (R.B.); (U.G.); (A.R.)
| | - Vandana Saxena
- Division of Immunology and Serology, ICMR-National AIDS Research Institute, Pune 411026, India; (P.P.); (J.G.); (S.W.); (V.G.); (A.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ghasemian E, Harding-Esch E, Mabey D, Holland MJ. When Bacteria and Viruses Collide: A Tale of Chlamydia trachomatis and Sexually Transmitted Viruses. Viruses 2023; 15:1954. [PMID: 37766360 PMCID: PMC10536055 DOI: 10.3390/v15091954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The global incidence of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) remains high, with the World Health Organization (WHO) estimating that over 1 million people acquire STIs daily. STIs can lead to infertility, pregnancy complications, and cancers. Co-infections with multiple pathogens are prevalent among individuals with an STI and can lead to heightened infectivity and more severe clinical manifestations. Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) is the most reported bacterial STI worldwide in both men and women, and several studies have demonstrated co-infection of CT with viral and other bacterial STIs. CT is a gram-negative bacterium with a unique biphasic developmental cycle including infectious extracellular elementary bodies (EBs) and metabolically active intracellular reticulate bodies (RBs). The intracellular form of this organism, RBs, has evolved mechanisms to persist for long periods within host epithelial cells in a viable but non-cultivable state. The co-infections of CT with the most frequently reported sexually transmitted viruses: human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), human papillomavirus (HPV), and herpes simplex virus (HSV) have been investigated through in vitro and in vivo studies. These research studies have made significant strides in unraveling the intricate interactions between CT, these viral STIs, and their eukaryotic host. In this review, we present an overview of the epidemiology of these co-infections, while specifically delineating the underlying mechanisms by which CT influences the transmission and infection dynamics of HIV and HSV. Furthermore, we explore the intricate relationship between CT and HPV infection, with a particular emphasis on the heightened risk of cervical cancer. By consolidating the current body of knowledge, we provide valuable insights into the complex dynamics and implications of co-infection involving CT and sexually transmitted viruses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ehsan Ghasemian
- Department of Clinical Research, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, UK; (E.H.-E.); (D.M.); (M.J.H.)
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Masenga SK, Mweene BC, Luwaya E, Muchaili L, Chona M, Kirabo A. HIV-Host Cell Interactions. Cells 2023; 12:1351. [PMID: 37408185 DOI: 10.3390/cells12101351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of antiretroviral drugs (ARVs) was a great milestone in the management of HIV infection. ARVs suppress viral activity in the host cell, thus minimizing injury to the cells and prolonging life. However, an effective treatment has remained elusive for four decades due to the successful immune evasion mechanisms of the virus. A thorough understanding of the molecular interaction of HIV with the host cell is essential in the development of both preventive and curative therapies for HIV infection. This review highlights several inherent mechanisms of HIV that promote its survival and propagation, such as the targeting of CD4+ lymphocytes, the downregulation of MHC class I and II, antigenic variation and an envelope complex that minimizes antibody access, and how they collaboratively render the immune system unable to mount an effective response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sepiso K Masenga
- HAND Research Group, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Mulungushi University, Livingstone Campus, Livingstone 10101, Zambia
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Room 536 Robinson Research Building, Nashville, TN 37232-6602, USA
| | - Bislom C Mweene
- HAND Research Group, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Mulungushi University, Livingstone Campus, Livingstone 10101, Zambia
| | - Emmanuel Luwaya
- HAND Research Group, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Mulungushi University, Livingstone Campus, Livingstone 10101, Zambia
| | - Lweendo Muchaili
- HAND Research Group, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Mulungushi University, Livingstone Campus, Livingstone 10101, Zambia
| | - Makondo Chona
- HAND Research Group, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Mulungushi University, Livingstone Campus, Livingstone 10101, Zambia
| | - Annet Kirabo
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Room 536 Robinson Research Building, Nashville, TN 37232-6602, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Matsuzaka Y, Yashiro R. Extracellular Vesicle-Based SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:vaccines11030539. [PMID: 36992123 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11030539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Messenger ribonucleic acid (RNA) vaccines are mainly used as SARS-CoV-2 vaccines. Despite several issues concerning storage, stability, effective period, and side effects, viral vector vaccines are widely used for the prevention and treatment of various diseases. Recently, viral vector-encapsulated extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been suggested as useful tools, owing to their safety and ability to escape from neutral antibodies. Herein, we summarize the possible cellular mechanisms underlying EV-based SARS-CoV-2 vaccines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yasunari Matsuzaka
- Division of Molecular and Medical Genetics, The Institute of Medical Science, Center for Gene and Cell Therapy, University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
- Administrative Section of Radiation Protection, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Tokyo 187-8551, Japan
| | - Ryu Yashiro
- Administrative Section of Radiation Protection, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Tokyo 187-8551, Japan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Kyorin University School of Medicine, 6-20-2 Shinkawa, Mitaka-shi, Tokyo 181-8611, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Caputo V, Libera M, Sisti S, Giuliani B, Diotti RA, Criscuolo E. The initial interplay between HIV and mucosal innate immunity. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1104423. [PMID: 36798134 PMCID: PMC9927018 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1104423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is still one of the major global health issues, and despite significant efforts that have been put into studying the pathogenesis of HIV infection, several aspects need to be clarified, including how innate immunity acts in different anatomical compartments. Given the nature of HIV as a sexually transmitted disease, one of the aspects that demands particular attention is the mucosal innate immune response. Given this scenario, we focused our attention on the interplay between HIV and mucosal innate response: the different mucosae act as a physical barrier, whose integrity can be compromised by the infection, and the virus-cell interaction induces the innate immune response. In addition, we explored the role of the mucosal microbiota in facilitating or preventing HIV infection and highlighted how its changes could influence the development of several opportunistic infections. Although recent progress, a proper characterization of mucosal innate immune response and microbiota is still missing, and further studies are needed to understand how they can be helpful for the formulation of an effective vaccine.
Collapse
|
8
|
Yan L, Xu K, Xiao Q, Tuo L, Luo T, Wang S, Yang R, Zhang F, Yang X. Cellular and molecular insights into incomplete immune recovery in HIV/AIDS patients. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1152951. [PMID: 37205108 PMCID: PMC10185893 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1152951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Highly active antiretroviral therapy (ART) can effectively inhibit virus replication and restore immune function in most people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). However, an important proportion of patients fail to achieve a satisfactory increase in CD4+ T cell counts. This state is called incomplete immune reconstitution or immunological nonresponse (INR). Patients with INR have an increased risk of clinical progression and higher rates of mortality. Despite widespread attention to INR, the precise mechanisms remain unclear. In this review, we will discuss the alterations in the quantity and quality of CD4+ T as well as multiple immunocytes, changes in soluble molecules and cytokines, and their relationship with INR, aimed to provide cellular and molecular insights into incomplete immune reconstitution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liting Yan
- Department of Infectious Disease, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Xingxiang Yang, ; Fujie Zhang, ; Liting Yan,
| | - Kaiju Xu
- Department of Infectious Disease, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Qing Xiao
- Clinical and Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Tuo
- Department of Infectious Disease, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Tingting Luo
- Department of Infectious Disease, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Shuqiang Wang
- Department of Infectious Disease, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Renguo Yang
- Department of Infectious Disease, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Fujie Zhang
- Clinical and Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Xingxiang Yang, ; Fujie Zhang, ; Liting Yan,
| | - Xingxiang Yang
- Department of Infectious Disease, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Xingxiang Yang, ; Fujie Zhang, ; Liting Yan,
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Calvet-Mirabent M, Martín-Gayo E. Effective innate immune response in natural HIV-1 controllers. Can mimicking lead to novel preventive and cure strategies against HIV-1? Curr Opin HIV AIDS 2022; 17:308-14. [PMID: 35938465 DOI: 10.1097/COH.0000000000000750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW HIV-1 controller individuals represents a model that can be useful for the development of novel vaccines and therapies. Initial studies pointed to the involvement of improved adaptive immunity, however, new emerging evidence suggests the contribution of innate cells to effective antiviral responses in spontaneous controllers. Therefore, understanding the alterations on innate cell subsets might be crucial to develop new effective therapeutic strategies. RECENT FINDINGS Among different innate immune cells, dendritic cell (DC) and natural killer (NK) cell are essential for effective antiviral responses. DC from controllers display improved innate detection of HIV-1 transcripts, higher induction of interferons, higher antigen presenting capacities and increased metabolism and higher capacities to induce polyfunctional CD8+ T-cell responses. Such properties have been mimicked by Toll-like receptor ligands and applied to DC-based immunotherapies in humans and in animal models. NK cells from controllers display higher expression of activating receptors promoting increased antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) and natural cytotoxicity activities. Neutralizing antibodies in combination with interleukin-15 superagonist or interferon-α can increase ADCC and cytotoxicity in NK cells from HIV-1 progressors. SUMMARY Mimicking DC and NK cell innate profiles in controllers has become a promising strategy to step forward a novel efficient immunotherapy against the HIV-1 infection.
Collapse
|
10
|
Ahmed RA, Adekoya KO, Onwuamah CK, Oboh BO, Iyer SS, Oluwatosin AS, Audu RA, Ezechi OC. Mechanism of Viral Suppression among HIV Elite Controllers and Long-Term Nonprogressors in Nigeria and South Africa. Viruses 2022; 14:1270. [PMID: 35746741 DOI: 10.3390/v14061270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
A subgroup among people living with HIV (PLHIV) experience viral suppression, sometimes to an undetectable level in the blood and/or are able to maintain a healthy CD4+ T-cell count without the influence of antiretroviral (ARV) therapy. One out of three hundred PLHIV fall into this category, and a large sample of this group can be found in areas with a high prevalence of HIV infection such as Nigeria and South Africa. Understanding the mechanism underpinning the nonprogressive phenotype in this subgroup may provide insights into the control of the global HIV epidemic. This work provides mechanisms of the elite control and nonprogressive phenotype among PLHIV in Nigeria and South Africa and identifies research gaps that will contribute to a better understanding on HIV controllers among PLHIV.
Collapse
|