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Karakioulaki M, Berkemeier CM, Heijnen I, Grize L, Papakonstantinou E, Goulas A, Tamm M, Stolz D. Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxin A- and B-specific IgE in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Respir Res 2023; 24:225. [PMID: 37740199 PMCID: PMC10517478 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-023-02520-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Sensitization to Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxins A (SEA) and B (SEB) has been associated with asthma severity, exacerbations, and disease control. Our study aimed to investigate if there are differences in serum SEA-IgE and SEB-IgE levels between patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma, and controls, and to assess the association between SE sensitization and COPD clinical parameters and Th2 inflammation biomarkers in two well-defined COPD cohorts. Our findings suggest that COPD patients do not exhibit higher SEA and SEB sensitization compared to asthma patients and controls. However, in COPD patients, the presence of atopy and allergy is associated with positivity for SEA-IgE and SEB-IgE. Consequently, these allergens may aid in identifying atopic or allergic subgroups within the COPD population, but they are not directly associated with the diagnosis of COPD, elevated circulating blood eosinophils, or fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FENO) levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meropi Karakioulaki
- Clinic of Respiratory Medicine and Pulmonary Cell Research, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- First Laboratory of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Caroline Maria Berkemeier
- Medical Immunology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ingmar Heijnen
- Medical Immunology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Leticia Grize
- Clinic of Respiratory Medicine and Pulmonary Cell Research, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Eleni Papakonstantinou
- Clinic of Respiratory Medicine and Pulmonary Cell Research, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- First Laboratory of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
- Clinic of Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitätsklinikum Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Antonis Goulas
- First Laboratory of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
- Clinical Research Unit, Special Unit for Biomedical Research and Education, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Michael Tamm
- Clinic of Respiratory Medicine and Pulmonary Cell Research, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Daiana Stolz
- Clinic of Respiratory Medicine and Pulmonary Cell Research, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
- Clinic of Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitätsklinikum Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
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Tota M, Łacwik J, Laska J, Sędek Ł, Gomułka K. The Role of Eosinophil-Derived Neurotoxin and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor in the Pathogenesis of Eosinophilic Asthma. Cells 2023; 12:cells12091326. [PMID: 37174726 PMCID: PMC10177218 DOI: 10.3390/cells12091326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Asthma is a chronic complex pulmonary disease characterized by airway inflammation, remodeling, and hyperresponsiveness. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and eosinophil-derived neurotoxin (EDN) are two significant mediators involved in the pathophysiology of asthma. In asthma, VEGF and EDN levels are elevated and correlate with disease severity and airway hyperresponsiveness. Diversity in VEGF polymorphisms results in the variability of responses to glucocorticosteroids and leukotriene antagonist treatment. Targeting VEGF and eosinophils is a promising therapeutic approach for asthma. We identified lichochalcone A, bevacizumab, azithromycin (AZT), vitamin D, diosmetin, epigallocatechin gallate, IGFBP-3, Neovastat (AE-941), endostatin, PEDF, and melatonin as putative add-on drugs in asthma with anti-VEGF properties. Further studies and clinical trials are needed to evaluate the efficacy of those drugs. AZT reduces the exacerbation rate and may be considered in adults with persistent symptomatic asthma. However, the long-term effects of AZT on community microbial resistance require further investigation. Vitamin D supplementation may enhance corticosteroid responsiveness. Herein, anti-eosinophil drugs are reviewed. Among them are, e.g., anti-IL-5 (mepolizumab, reslizumab, and benralizumab), anti-IL-13 (lebrikizumab and tralokinumab), anti-IL-4 and anti-IL-13 (dupilumab), and anti-IgE (omalizumab) drugs. EDN over peripheral blood eosinophil count is recommended to monitor the asthma control status and to assess the efficacy of anti-IL-5 therapy in asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Tota
- Student Scientific Group of Adult Allergology, Clinical Department of Internal Medicine, Pneumology and Allergology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-369 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Julia Łacwik
- Student Scientific Group of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 40-055 Katowice, Poland
| | - Julia Laska
- Student Scientific Group of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 40-055 Katowice, Poland
| | - Łukasz Sędek
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 40-055 Katowice, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Gomułka
- Clinical Department of Internal Medicine, Pneumology and Allergology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-369 Wrocław, Poland
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Zheng Z, Li J, Liu Y, Li L, Huang T, Huang Y, Song S, Gao J. Polymorphisms in the FCER2 gene have associations with asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. J Thorac Dis 2023; 15:589-599. [PMID: 36910110 PMCID: PMC9992556 DOI: 10.21037/jtd-22-820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Background Asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are heterogenetic diseases and exhibit many similarities. Dutch hypothesis proposed that these two diseases may have common genetic origins. This study aims to investigate whether asthma and COPD share a common genetic background in Chinese patients. Methods In this case-control study, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were genotyped using SNaPshot. Haplotype disease analysis and haplotype phenotype analysis were applied to assess the relationship between three polymorphisms of the FCER2 gene and the risk of COPD/asthma. Additionally, associations between polymorphisms of the FCER2 gene and phenotypes were analyzed. Results We detected ten SNPs of seven genes (FCER1A, FCGR2A, FCGR2B, CHI3L1, ADRB2, STAT6, and FCER2) expressed by airway epithelial cells. We detected genotypes and allele distributions in 251 COPD patients, 597 asthma patients, and 632 healthy controls. A significant difference was found in the FCER2 gene (rs28364072) between COPD patients and controls (P=0.009). Significant differences were observed in the genotype and allele distributions of rs1801274 (FCGR2A), rs12368672 (STAT6), and rs2228137 (FCER2) between asthma patients and controls (P=0.004, 0.007 and 0.010, respectively). Notably, polymorphisms of FCER2 gene were associated with the risk of both COPD (P=0.009 for rs28364072) and asthma (P=0.01 for rs2228137). Haplotype analysis revealed that haplotype T-G-T (alleles of rs28364072, rs2228137, and rs3760687, respectively) was significantly associated with a higher risk of asthma [odds ratios (OR) =2.25, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.26-4.01, P=0.006]. Further analysis showed that the C-A-C haplotype and C-G-T haplotype were associated with increased blood eosinophils in either COPD or asthma patients (P=0.034, and P<0.001, respectively). Moreover, haplotypes C-A-C, C-G-C, and T-G-C showed significant associations with serum IgE levels in asthma patients (P=0.002, 0.041, and 0.004, respectively). Conclusions Our data suggest that the FCER2 gene might associate with predisposition to asthma and COPD, while FCER2 haplotypes were associated with pulmonary function measurements and blood eosinophils counts in both diseases. Our findings support the common genetic basis for asthma and COPD, suggesting a potential therapeutic target for the two diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhoude Zheng
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jia Li
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Civil Aviation General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Lun Li
- Department of Allergy, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tingting Huang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yilin Huang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Siyao Song
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Civil Aviation General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jinming Gao
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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Ma H, Yang L, Liu L, Zhou Y, Guo X, Wu S, Zhang X, Xu X, Ti X, Qu S. Using inflammatory index to distinguish asthma, asthma-COPD overlap and COPD: A retrospective observational study. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:1045503. [PMID: 36465915 PMCID: PMC9714673 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.1045503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are two well-defined and distinct diseases, some patients present combined clinical features of both asthma and COPD, particularly in smokers and the elderly, a condition termed as asthma-COPD overlap (ACO). However, the definition of ACO is yet to be established and clinical guidelines to identify and manage ACO remain controversial. Therefore, in this study, inflammatory biomarkers were established to distinguish asthma, ACO, and COPD, and their relationship with the severity of patients' symptoms and pulmonary function were explored. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 178 patients, diagnosed with asthma (n = 38), ACO (n = 44), and COPD (n = 96) between January 2021 to June 2022, were enrolled in this study. The patients' pulmonary function was examined and routine blood samples were taken for the analysis of inflammatory indexes. Logistic regression analysis was used to establish inflammatory biomarkers for distinguishing asthma, ACO, and COPD; linear regression analysis was used to analyze the relationship between inflammatory indexes and symptom severity and pulmonary function. RESULT The results showed that, compared with ACO, the higher the indexes of platelet, neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and eosinophil-basophil ratio (EBR), the more likely the possibility of asthma and COPD in patients, while the higher the eosinophils, the less likely the possibility of asthma and COPD. Hemoglobin and lymphocyte-monocyte ratio (LMR) were negatively correlated with the severity of patients' symptoms, while platelet-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) was negatively correlated with forced expiratory volume in the 1 s/forced vital capacity (FEV1/FVC) and FEV1 percent predicted (% pred), and EBR was positively correlated with FEV1% pred. CONCLUSION Inflammatory indexes are biomarkers for distinguishing asthma, ACO, and COPD, which are of clinical significance in therapeutic strategies and prognosis evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiman Ma
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Liu Yang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Lingli Liu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Ying Zhou
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Xiaoya Guo
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Shuo Wu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Zhang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Xi Xu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Xinyu Ti
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Shuoyao Qu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
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Alhamdan F, Laubhahn K, Happle C, Habener A, Jirmo AC, Thölken C, Conca R, Chung H, Hansen G, Potaczek DP, Schaub B, Grychtol R, Garn H. Timing of Blood Sample Processing Affects the Transcriptomic and Epigenomic Profiles in CD4+ T-cells of Atopic Subjects. Cells 2022; 11:2958. [PMID: 36230920 PMCID: PMC9563434 DOI: 10.3390/cells11192958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Optimal pre-analytical conditions for blood sample processing and isolation of selected cell populations for subsequent transcriptomic and epigenomic studies are required to obtain robust and reproducible results. This pilot study was conducted to investigate the potential effects of timing of CD4+ T-cell processing from peripheral blood of atopic and non-atopic adults on their transcriptomic and epigenetic profiles. Two heparinized blood samples were drawn from each of three atopic and three healthy individuals. For each individual, CD4+ T-cells were isolated from the first blood sample within 2 h (immediate) or from the second blood sample after 24 h storage (delayed). RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) and histone H3K27 acetylation chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing (ChIP-Seq) analyses were performed. A multiplicity of genes was shown to be differentially expressed in immediately processed CD4+ T-cells from atopic versus healthy subjects. These differences disappeared when comparing delayed processed cells due to a drastic change in expression levels of atopy-related genes in delayed processed CD4+ T-cells from atopic donors. This finding was further validated on the epigenomic level by examining H3K27 acetylation profiles. In contrast, transcriptomic and epigenomic profiles of blood CD4+ T-cells of healthy donors remained rather unaffected. Taken together, for successful transcriptomics and epigenomics studies, detailed standard operation procedures developed on the basis of samples from both healthy and disease conditions are implicitly recommended.
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Perečinský S, Murínová L, Jančová A, Murín P, Perečinská K, Varga M, Víchová B, Pačuta E, Rašiová M, Legáth Ľ. Allergic sensitization pattern as a marker of bronchial hyperresponsiveness in allergic rhinitis patients living in temperate continental climate zone. Wien Klin Wochenschr 2022. [PMID: 36074179 DOI: 10.1007/s00508-022-02081-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bronchial hyperresponsiveness (BHR) is a key feature of asthma, but it may also appear in allergic rhinitis. The type of allergen, as well as regional characteristics, play an important role in the development of BHR. The aim of our study was to analyze allergen sensitization patterns and the factors that affect BHR in allergic rhinitis patients living in temperate continental climate zone. METHODS This study retrospectively analyzed allergic rhinitis patients from Eastern Slovakia who underwent skin-prick tests to aeroallergens, spirometry, histamine and methacholine bronchial provocation tests for evaluation of lower airway symptoms. We analyzed the associations between BHR and the pattern of aeroallergen sensitization, lung function parameters, and the total IgE and eosinophil levels. RESULTS Out of 365 allergic rhinitis patients (age range 16-64 years), 114 showed BHR. Sensitization to house dust mites (HDMs) and grass were the most common. BHR was significantly associated with sensitization to dogs (odds ratio, OR = 2.15, 95% confidence interval, CI: 1.13-4.11) and Alternaria (OR = 2.15, 95% CI: 1.06-4.35); however, BHR did not show a relationship with HDMs sensitization. The levels of total IgE and eosinophils were higher in the BHR-positive group. Sensitization to more than six allergens significantly increased the probability of BHR (p < 0.01). CONCLUSION Dogs and Alternaria, but not HDMs, were the sensitizing agents most closely associated with BHR. High-grade sensitization and increased total IgE and eosinophil levels were characteristic clinical signs in BHR-positive allergic rhinitis patients in the temperate continental climatic zone.
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