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Li X, Xu X, Tao S, Su Y, Wen L, Wang D, Liu J, Feng Q. Gut microbes combined with metabolomics reveal the protective effects of Qijia Rougan decoction against CCl 4-induced hepatic fibrosis. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1347120. [PMID: 38606180 PMCID: PMC11007057 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1347120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: The occurrence and development of Hepatic fibrosis (HF) are closely related to the gut microbial composition and alterations in host metabolism. Qijia Rougan decoction (QJ) is a traditional Chinese medicine compound utilized clinically for the treatment of HF with remarkable clinical efficacy. However, its effect on the gut microbiota and metabolite alterations is unknown. Therefore, our objective was to examine the impact of QJ on the gut microbiota and metabolism in Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced HF. Methods: 40% CCl4 was used to induce HF, followed by QJ administration for 6 weeks. Serum biochemical analyses, histopathology, immunohistochemistry, RT-PCR, 16S rRNA gene sequencing, and non-targeted metabolomics techniques were employed in this study to investigate the interventional effects of QJ on a CCl4-induced HF model in rats. Results: This study demonstrated that QJ could effectively ameliorate CCl4-induced hepatic inflammation and fibrosis. Moreover, QJ upregulated the expression of intestinal tight junction proteins (TJPs) and notably altered the abundance of some gut microbes, for example, 10 genera closely associated with HF-related indicators and TJPs. In addition, metabolomics found 37 key metabolites responded to QJ treatment and strongly associated with HF-related indices and TJPs. Furthermore, a tight relation between 10 genera and 37 metabolites was found post correlation analysis. Among them, Turicibacter, Faecalibaculum, Prevotellaceae UCG 001, and unclassified Peptococcaceae may serve as the core gut microbes of QJ that inhibit HF. Conclusion: These results suggest that QJ ameliorates hepatic inflammation and fibrosis, which may be achieved by improving intestinal tight junctions and modulating gut microbiota composition as well as modulating host metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Dong Wang
- School of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jibin Liu
- School of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Quansheng Feng
- School of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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Wang M, Liu H, Huang M, Huang Y, Ming Y, Chen W, Chen Y, Tang Z, Jia B. Immunomodulatory functions of microorganisms in tissue regenerative healing. Acta Biomater 2023; 172:38-52. [PMID: 37816417 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2023.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023]
Abstract
External pathogenic microorganisms and commensal microorganisms in the body have either harmful or beneficial impacts on the regenerative repair of tissues, and the immune system plays a crucial regulatory role in this process. This review summarises our current understanding of microorganism-immune system interactions, with a focus on how these interactions impact the renewal and repair ability of tissues, including skin, bone, gut, liver, and nerves. This review concludes with a discussion of the mechanisms by which microbes act on various types of immune cells to affect tissue regeneration, offers potential strategies for using microbial therapies to enhance the regenerative repair function of tissues, and suggest novel therapeutic approaches for regenerative medicine. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Microbiological communities have crucial impacts on human health and illness by participating in energy collection and storage and performing various metabolic processes. External pathogenic microorganisms and commensal microorganisms in the body have either harmful or beneficial impacts on the regenerative repair of tissues, and the immune system plays a critical regulatory role in this process. This study reviews the important correlation between microorganisms and the immune system and investigates the mechanism of various microorganism that participate in the regeneration and repair of tissues and organs by modulating immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Wang
- Department of Oral Surgery, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongyu Liu
- Department of Oral Surgery, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mingshu Huang
- Department of Oral Surgery, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yisheng Huang
- Department of Oral Surgery, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yue Ming
- Department of Oral Surgery, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weixing Chen
- Department of Oral Surgery, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuanxin Chen
- Department of Oral Surgery, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhengming Tang
- Department of Oral Surgery, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bo Jia
- Department of Oral Surgery, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
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Li A, Ding J, Shen T, Liang Y, Wei F, Wu Y, Iqbal M, Kulyar MFEA, Li K, Wei K. Radix paeoniae alba polysaccharide attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced intestinal injury by regulating gut microbiota. Front Microbiol 2023; 13:1064657. [PMID: 36713189 PMCID: PMC9878331 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1064657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence indicated that oxidative stress is closely related to inflammation and the progression of multiple chronic diseases, which seriously threaten the host health. Currently, multiple plant-derived polysaccharides have been demonstrated to ameliorate the negative effects of oxidative stress on the host, but the potential protective effect of radix paeoniae alba polysaccharide (RPAP) on host have not been well characterized. Here, we investigated whether different doses of RPAP administration could alleviate lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced intestinal injury and gut microbial dysbiosis in mice. Results indicated that RPAP administration effectively alleviated LPS-induced intestinal damage in dose dependent. Additionally, amplicon sequencing showed that RPAP administration reversed the significant decrease in gut microbial diversity caused by LPS exposure and restored the alpha-diversity indices to normal levels. Microbial taxonomic investigation also indicated that LPS exposure resulted in significant changes in the gut microbial composition, characterized by a decrease in the abundances of beneficial bacteria (Lactobacillus, Alistipes, Bacillus, Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group, etc.) and an increase in the contents of pathogenic bacteria (Klebsiella, Helicobacter, Enterococcus, etc.). However, RPAP administration, especially in high doses, could improve the composition of the gut microbiota by altering the abundance of some bacteria. Taken together, this study demonstrated that RPAP administration could ameliorate LPS-induced intestinal injury by regulating gut microbiota. Meanwhile, this also provides the basis for the popularization and application of RPAP and alleviating oxidative stress from the perspective of gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aoyun Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China,College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jinxue Ding
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ting Shen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ying Liang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources Protection and Genetic Improvement, Guangxi Engineering Research Center of TCM Resource Intelligent Creation, Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants, Nanning, China
| | - Fan Wei
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources Protection and Genetic Improvement, Guangxi Engineering Research Center of TCM Resource Intelligent Creation, Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants, Nanning, China
| | - Yi Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Mudassar Iqbal
- Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | | | - Kun Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China,Kun Li,
| | - Kunhua Wei
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources Protection and Genetic Improvement, Guangxi Engineering Research Center of TCM Resource Intelligent Creation, Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants, Nanning, China,*Correspondence: Kunhua Wei,
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Li A, Wang M, Zhang Y, Lin Z, Xu M, Wang L, Kulyar MFEA, Li J. Complete genome analysis of Bacillus subtilis derived from yaks and its probiotic characteristics. Front Vet Sci 2023; 9:1099150. [PMID: 36713867 PMCID: PMC9875379 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.1099150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Probiotics have attracted attention due to their multiple health benefits to the host. Yaks inhabiting the Tibetan plateau exhibit excellent disease resistance and tolerance, which may be associated with their inner probiotics. Currently, research on probiotics mainly focuses on their positive effects on the host, but information regarding their genome remains unclear. To reveal the potential functional genes of Bacillus subtilis isolated from yaks, we sequenced its whole genome. Results indicated that the genomic length of Bacillus subtilis was 866,044,638 bp, with 4,429 coding genes. The genome of this bacteria was composed of one chromosome and one plasmid with lengths of 4,214,774 and 54,527 bp, respectively. Moreover, Bacillus subtilis contained 86 tRNAs, 27 rRNAs (9 16S_rRNA, 9 23S_rRNA, and 9 5S_rRNA), and 114 other ncRNA. KEGG annotation indicated that most genes in Bacillus subtilis were associated with biosynthesis of amino acids, carbon metabolism, purine metabolism, pyrimidine metabolism, and ABC transporters. GO annotation demonstrated that most genes in Bacillus subtilis were related to nucleic acid binding transcription factor activity, transporter activity, antioxidant activity, and biological adhesion. EggNOG uncovered that most genes in Bacillus subtilis were related to energy production and conversion, amino acid transport and metabolism, carbohydrate transport and metabolism. CAZy annotation found glycoside hydrolases (33.65%), glycosyl transferases (22.11%), polysaccharide lyases (3.84%), carbohydrate esterases (14.42%), auxiliary activities (3.36%), and carbohydrate-binding modules (22.59%). In conclusion, this study investigated the genome and genetic properties of Bacillus subtilis derived from yaks, which contributed to understanding the potential prebiotic mechanism of probiotics from the genetic perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aoyun Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Meng Wang
- College of Animal Science, Wenzhou Vocational College of Science and Technology, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhengrong Lin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Mengen Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lei Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Muhammad Fakhar-e-Alam Kulyar
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China,Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiakui Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China,College of Animals Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Tibet Agricultural and Animal Husbandry University, Linzhi, China,*Correspondence: Jiakui Li ✉
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Abenavoli L, Maurizi V, Boccuto L, Di Berardino A, Giostra N, Santori P, Scarcella ML, Procopio AC, Rasetti C, Scarpellini E. Nutritional Support in Acute Liver Failure. Diseases 2022; 10. [PMID: 36412602 DOI: 10.3390/diseases10040108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute liver failure (ALF) presents with an acute abnormality of liver blood tests in an individual without underlying chronic liver disease. The clinical course leads to the development of coagulopathy and hepatic encephalopathy. The role of nutrition in its prevention and treatment remains uncertain. We aimed to review literature data on the concept of ALF and the role of nutrition in its treatment and prevention, considering the impact of gut microbiota dysbiosis and eubiosis. We conducted a review of the literature on the main medical databases using the following keywords and acronyms and their associations: liver failure, nutrition, branched-chain amino acids, gut microbiota, dysbiosis, and probiotics. Upon their arrival at the emergency department, an early, accurate nutritional assessment is crucial for individuals with ALF. Branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs), stable euglycemia maintenance, and moderate caloric support are crucial for this subset of patients. An excessive protein load must be avoided because it worsens hepatic encephalopathy. Preclinical evidence supports future probiotics use for ALF treatment/prevention. Nutritional support and treatment for ALF are crucial steps against patient morbidity and mortality. BCAAs and euglycemia remain the mainstay of nutritional treatment of ALF. Gut dysbiosis re-modulation has an emerging and natural-history changing impact on ALF.
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Liu S, Yin R, Yang Z, Wei F, Hu J. The effects of rhein on D-GalN/LPS-induced acute liver injury in mice: Results from gut microbiome-metabolomics and host transcriptome analysis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:971409. [PMID: 36389730 PMCID: PMC9648667 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.971409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Rhubarb is an important traditional Chinese medicine, and rhein is one of its most important active ingredients. Studies have found that rhein can improve ulcerative colitis by regulating gut microbes, but there are few reports on its effects on liver diseases. Therefore, this study aims to investigate these effects and underlying mechanisms. Methods Mice were given rhein (100 mg/kg), with both a normal control group and a model group receiving the same amount of normal saline for one week. Acute liver injury was induced in mice by intraperitoneal injection of D-GalN (800 mg/kg)/LPS (10 ug/kg). Samples (blood, liver, and stool) were then collected and assessed for histological lesions and used for 16S rRNA gene sequencing, high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) and RNA-seq analysis. Results The levels of ALT and AST in the Model group were abnormal higher compared to the normal control group, and the levels of ALT and AST were significantly relieved in the rhein group. Hepatic HE staining showed that the degree of liver injury in the rhein group was lighter than that in the model group, and microbiological results showed that norank_o:Clostridia_UCG-014, Lachnoclostridium, and Roseburia were more abundant in the model group compared to the normal control group. Notably, the rhein treatment group showed reshaped disturbance of intestinal microbial community by D-GalN/LPS and these mice also had higher levels of Verrucomicrobia, Akkermansiaceae and Bacteroidetes. Additionally, There were multiple metabolites that were significantly different between the normal control group and the model group, such as L-α-amino acid, ofloxacin-N-oxide, 1-hydroxy-1,3-diphenylpropan-2-one,and L-4-hydroxyglutamate semialdehyde, but that returned to normal levels after rhein treatment. The gene expression level in the model group also changed significantly, various genes such as Cxcl2, S100a9, Tnf, Ereg, and IL-10 were up-regulated, while Mfsd2a and Bhlhe41 were down-regulated, which were recovered after rhein treatment. Conclusion Overall, our results show that rhein alleviated D-GalN/LPS-induced acute liver injury in mice. It may help modulate gut microbiota in mice, thereby changing metabolism in the intestine. Meanwhile, rhein also may help regulate genes expression level to alleviate D-GalN/LPS-induced acute liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhui Liu
- Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ruiying Yin
- Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ziwei Yang
- Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Feili Wei
- Beijing Institute of Hepatology, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Feili Wei, ; Jianhua Hu,
| | - Jianhua Hu
- Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Feili Wei, ; Jianhua Hu,
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Lee Y, Choi D, Cheon M, Kim JG, Kim J, Shin M, Kim H, Youn D. Changes in Mitochondria-Related Gene Expression upon Acupuncture at LR3 in the D-Galactosamine-Induced Liver Damage Rat Model. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2022; 2022:1-10. [PMID: 35928244 PMCID: PMC9345726 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3294273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Hepatic diseases, such as hepatonecrosis, hepatitis, and hepatocirrhosis, are associated with mitochondrial dysfunction and increased reactive oxygen species generation and inflammation, ultimately leading to liver failure. In this study, we examined if acupuncture at LR3 can affect mitochondria-related gene expression in a liver damage model of experimentally induced acute liver failure (ALF). ALF was induced by the intraperitoneal injection of D-galactosamine (D-GalN) in experimental rats, who then received either sham (ALF), manual acupuncture (MA), electroacupuncture (EA), or silymarin (PC, positive control) treatment. Liver tissues were extracted from experimental and untreated control rats for histopathological analysis and expression profiling of genes involved in mitochondrial function. Of the 168 mitochondria-related genes profiled, two genes belonging to the solute-carrier transporter family (Slc25a15 and Slc25a25) and Ndufb7 were upregulated. Gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase was more downregulated in MA than ALF. Furthermore, MA reversed D-GalN-induced inflammatory cell infiltration, destruction of hepatic cell plates, and increase in the levels of the proinflammatory cytokine TNF-α. MA at LR3 can reduce the risk of D-GalN-induced ALF by inducing the expression of metabolic and inflammation-related genes and regulating proinflammatory factor production in hepatic mitochondria.
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Li A, Wang Y, Hao J, Wang L, Quan L, Duan K, Fakhar-E-Alam Kulyar M, Ullah K, Zhang J, Wu Y, Li K. Long-term hexavalent chromium exposure disturbs the gut microbial homeostasis of chickens. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2022; 237:113532. [PMID: 35472558 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Industrial production, ore smelting and sewage disposal plant can discharge large amounts of heavy metals every year, which may contaminate soil, water and air, posing a great threat to ecological environment and animal production. Hexavalent chromium [Cr (VI)], a recognized metallic contaminant, has been shown to impair kidney, liver and gastrointestinal tract of many species, but little is known about the gut microbial characteristics of chickens exposed to Cr (VI). Herein, this study characterized the gut microbial alternations of chickens exposed to Cr (VI). Results indicated that the gut microbial alpha-diversity in chickens exposed to Cr (VI) decreased significantly, accompanied by a distinct shifts in taxonomic composition. Microbial taxonomic analysis demonstrated that the preponderant phyla (Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria and Epsilonbacteraeota) were the same in both groups, but different in types and relative abundances of dominant genera. Moreover, some bacterial taxa including 2 phyla and 47 genera significantly decreased, whereas 3 phyla and 17 genera significantly increased during Cr (VI) exposure. Among decreased taxa, 9 genera (Coprobacter, Ruminococcus_1, Faecalicoccus, Eubacterium_nodatum_group, Parasutterella, Slackia, Barnesiella, Family_XIII_UCG-001 and Collinsella) even cannot be detected. In conclusion, this study revealed that Cr (VI) exposure dramatically decrased the gut microbial diversity and altered microbial composition of chickens. Additionally, this study also provided a theoretical basis for relieving Cr (VI) poisoning from the perspective of gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aoyun Li
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China; MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yingli Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jiayuan Hao
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China; MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Lei Wang
- Animal husbandry station of Bijie City, Bijie 551700, China
| | - Lingtong Quan
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Kun Duan
- China Tobacco Henan Industrial Co. Ltd, Zhengzhou 450000, PR China
| | | | - Kalim Ullah
- Department of Zoology, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Jiabin Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yi Wu
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China; MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China.
| | - Kun Li
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China; MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China.
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Zha H, Si G, Wang C, Zhang H, Li L, Huang J. Multiple Intestinal Bacteria Associated with the Better Protective Effect of Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum LI09 against Rat Liver Injury. BioMed Research International 2022; 2022:1-11. [PMID: 35127946 PMCID: PMC8816544 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8647483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum LI09 could protect rats from D-galactosamine- (D-GalN-) induced liver injury. However, individual difference in the protective effects of LI09 on the liver injury remains poorly understood. The present study is aimed at determining the multiple intestinal bacteria associated with the better protective effect of LI09 against D-GalN-induced rat liver injury. Two rat cohorts, i.e., the nonsevere and severe cohorts, were divided based on their liver injury severity. Higher level of ALB and lower levels of ALT, AST, TBA, TB, IL-5, and MIP-3α were determined in the nonsevere cohort than the severe cohort. The alpha diversity indices (i.e., observed species, Shannon, and Pielou indices) did not yield significant differences between the intestinal microbiota of the nonsevere and severe cohorts. The intestinal microbiota composition was different between the two cohorts. Ten phylotypes assigned to Bacteroides, Clostridia_UCG-014, Clostridium Lachnospiraceae, Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136, and Parabacteroides were closely associated with the nonsevere cohort, among which, ASV8_Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136 was the most associated one. At the structure level, two groups of phylotypes with most correlations were determined in the intestinal microbiota networks of the two cohorts. Among them, ASV135_Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136 was the most powerful gatekeeper in the microbiota network of the nonsevere cohort. In conclusion, some intestinal bacteria, e.g., Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136, Parabacteroides, and Clostridium, were associated with the better protective effect of LI09 against D-GalN-induced rat liver injury. They were likely to enhance the effectiveness of LI09, and their clinical application deserves further investigation.
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Zheng Z, Wang B. The Gut-Liver Axis in Health and Disease: The Role of Gut Microbiota-Derived Signals in Liver Injury and Regeneration. Front Immunol 2021; 12:775526. [PMID: 34956204 PMCID: PMC8703161 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.775526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Diverse liver diseases undergo a similar pathophysiological process in which liver regeneration follows a liver injury. Given the important role of the gut-liver axis in health and diseases, the role of gut microbiota-derived signals in liver injury and regeneration has attracted much attention. It has been observed that the composition of gut microbiota dynamically changes in the process of liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy, and gut microbiota modulation by antibiotics or probiotics affects both liver injury and regeneration. Mechanically, through the portal vein, the liver is constantly exposed to gut microbial components and metabolites, which have immense effects on the immunity and metabolism of the host. Emerging data demonstrate that gut-derived lipopolysaccharide, gut microbiota-associated bile acids, and other bacterial metabolites, such as short-chain fatty acids and tryptophan metabolites, may play multifaceted roles in liver injury and regeneration. In this perspective, we provide an overview of the possible molecular mechanisms by which gut microbiota-derived signals modulate liver injury and regeneration, highlighting the potential roles of gut microbiota in the development of gut microbiota-based therapies to alleviate liver injury and promote liver regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhipeng Zheng
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Baohong Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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Zhuge A, Li S, Yuan Y, Li B, Li L. The synergy of dietary supplements Lactobacillus salivarius LI01 and Bifidobacterium longum TC01 in alleviating liver failure in rats treated with D-galactosamine. Food Funct 2021; 12:10239-10252. [PMID: 34546256 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo01807h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Lactobacillus salivarius (L. salivarius) has been widely used in dietary supplements and clinical treatments. Previous studies demonstrated the protective effect of L. salivarius LI01 on liver injury induced by D-galactosamine (D-GaIN) in rats. Accumulating evidence indicates that Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium are highly coordinated; so in this study, we focus on the synergistic effect of L. salivarius LI01 and B. longum TC01 on the alleviation of liver injury caused by D-GaIN in rats and aim to find out the underlying interaction between the two strains. We observed reduced hepatic damage in the D-GaIN-treated rats with probiotic pre-administration, characterized by lower levels of AST and ALT (p < 0.05) and decreased HAI (Histological Activity Index) scores. Moreover, cotreatment with LI01 and TC01 more effectively decreases proinflammatory cytokines TNF-α, MCP-1 and M-CSF (p < 0.05) so as to inhibit systemic inflammation. Gut barrier dysfunction was ameliorated with compound probiotic pretreatment, as evidenced by the ultrastructure integrity, decreased histological score and elevated TJP-1 expression. What's more, supplementation with LI01 and TC01 markedly alleviates gut dysbiosis in the G-DaIN-treated rats, with enrichment of short chain fatty acid (SCFA) producers Faecalibaculum and Eubacterium_xylanophilum_group, a decreased Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes (F/B) ratio and depletion of proinflammatory microbes, such as Peptococcaeae and Ruminococcaceae_UCG-005. This study highlights the synergistic effect of dietary supplements LI01 and TC01 on the protection against liver failure, which is probably via altering gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aoxiang Zhuge
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China. .,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shengjie Li
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China. .,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yin Yuan
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China. .,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bo Li
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China. .,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lanjuan Li
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China. .,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, China
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Li M, Wei Y, Cai M, Gu R, Pan X, Du J. Perilla peptides delay the progression of kidney disease by improving kidney apoptotic injury and oxidative stress and maintaining intestinal barrier function. FOOD BIOSCI 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2021.101333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Jantararussamee C, Rodniem S, Taweechotipatr M, Showpittapornchai U, Pradidarcheep W. Hepatoprotective Effect of Probiotic Lactic Acid Bacteria on Thioacetamide-Induced Liver Fibrosis in Rats. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2021; 13:40-50. [PMID: 32468435 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-020-09663-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Hepatic fibrosis is a reversible wound-healing response characterized by the accumulation of extracellular matrix. Probiotics have been used to prevent and treat various disorders. The aim of the present study was to investigate the hepatoprotective effects of probiotic lactic acid bacteria (mixture of Lactobacillus paracasei, Lactobacillus casei, and Weissella confusa) on thioacetamide (TAA)-induced liver fibrosis in rats. Thirty-five male Wistar rats were randomly divided into five groups: (1) control, (2) TAA, (3) TAA+probiotics, (4) TAA+silymarin, and (5) probiotics. Group 1 rats received a standard diet. In groups 2-4, fibrosis was induced by intraperitoneal injection of TAA (200 mg/kg BW) 3 times weekly for 8 consecutive weeks. Group 4 received TAA plus 100 mg/kg BW of silymarin 2 times weekly. Groups 3 and 5 were fed 109 CFU/mL viable microbial cells daily by gavage. The rats were sacrificed after 8 weeks of treatment. Liver tissues were collected immediately and processed for histopathological, lipid peroxidation, and Western blot analyses of TNF-α, TGF-β1, and α-SMA. Blood serum was collected to measure liver enzymes. Rats in the TAA groups suffered from hepatic injury (increased serum enzyme levels, liver inflammation, and increased concentration of TNF-α, TGF-β1, and α-SMA proteins) and extensive liver fibrosis. In contrast, TAA-treated rats receiving probiotics or silymarin had significantly lower serum enzyme levels, less inflammation, and less fibrosis. Liver damage was lower in the TAA+probiotics-treated group. Consumption of a mixture of probiotic lactic acid bacteria attenuates the development of liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chittapon Jantararussamee
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Srinakharinwirot University, Sukhumvit 23 Rd, Bangkok, 10110, Thailand
| | - Siripa Rodniem
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Srinakharinwirot University, Sukhumvit 23 Rd, Bangkok, 10110, Thailand
| | - Malai Taweechotipatr
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Srinakharinwirot University, Sukhumvit 23 Rd, Bangkok, 10110, Thailand
| | - Udomsri Showpittapornchai
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Srinakharinwirot University, Sukhumvit 23 Rd, Bangkok, 10110, Thailand
| | - Wisuit Pradidarcheep
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Srinakharinwirot University, Sukhumvit 23 Rd, Bangkok, 10110, Thailand.
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Abstract
Background: Drug overdose or chemical exposures are the main causes of acute liver injury (ALI). Severe liver injury can develop into liver failure that is an important cause of liver-related mortality in intensive care units in most countries. Pharmacological studies have utilized a variety of comprehensive chemical induction models that recapitulate the natural pathogenesis of acute liver injury. Their mechanism is always based on redox imbalance-induced direct hepatotoxicity and massive hepatocyte cell death, which can trigger immune cell activation and recruitment to the liver. However, the pathogenesis of these models has not been fully stated. Many studies showed that gut microbiota plays a crucial role in chemical-induced liver injury. Hepatotoxicity is likely induced by imbalanced microbiota homeostasis, gut mucosal barrier damage, systemic immune activation, microbial-associated molecular patterns, and bacterial metabolites. Meanwhile, many preclinical studies have shown that supplementation with probiotics can improve chemical-induced liver injury. In this review, we highlight the pathogenesis of gut microorganisms in chemical-induced acute liver injury animal models and explore the protective mechanism of exogenous microbial supplements on acute liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Chen
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China.,Department of Pathophysiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Proteomics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rui Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Proteomics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peng Chen
- Department of Pathophysiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Proteomics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Dai D, Qiu K, Zhang HJ, Wu SG, Han YM, Wu YY, Qi GH, Wang J. Organic Acids as Alternatives for Antibiotic Growth Promoters Alter the Intestinal Structure and Microbiota and Improve the Growth Performance in Broilers. Front Microbiol 2021; 11:618144. [PMID: 33519778 PMCID: PMC7840962 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.618144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the effects of organic acids (OA) as alternatives for antibiotic growth promoters (AGP) on growth performance, intestinal structure, as well as intestinal microbial composition and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) profiles in broilers. A total of 336 newly hatched male Arbor Acres broiler chicks were randomly allocated into 3 dietary treatments including the basal diet [negative control (NC)], the basal diet supplemented with 5 mg/kg flavomycin, and the basal diet supplemented with OA feed additives. Each treatment had eight replicates with 14 birds each. The results showed that AGP and OA promoted growth during day 22–42 compared with the NC group (P < 0.05). OA significantly increased the jejunal goblet cell density and ileal villus height on day 42 compared with the NC group (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, OA up-regulated the mRNA expression of jejunal barrier genes (Claudin-3 and ZO-1) relative to the NC group (P < 0.05). Significant changes of microbiota induced by the OA were also found on day 42 (P < 0.05). Several SCFAs-producing bacteria like Ruminococcaceae, Christensenellaceae, and Peptococcaceae affiliated to the order Clostridiales were identified as biomarkers of the OA group. Higher concentrations of SCFAs including formic acid and butyric acid were observed in the cecum of OA group (P < 0.05). Simultaneously, the abundance of family Ruminococcaceae showed highly positive correlations with the body weight and mRNA level of ZO-1 on day 42 (P < 0.05). However, AGP supplementation had the higher mRNA expression of Claudin-2, lower goblet cell density of jejunum, and decreased Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes ratio, suggesting that AGP might have a negative impact on intestinal immune and microbiota homeostasis. In conclusion, the OA improved growth performance, intestinal morphology and barrier function in broilers, which might be attributed to the changes of intestinal microbiota, particularly the enrichment of SCFAs-producing bacteria, providing a more homeostatic and healthy intestinal microecology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Dai
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Animal Products on Feed Hazards (Beijing) of the Ministry of Agriculture & Rural Affairs, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Kai Qiu
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Animal Products on Feed Hazards (Beijing) of the Ministry of Agriculture & Rural Affairs, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hai-Jun Zhang
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Animal Products on Feed Hazards (Beijing) of the Ministry of Agriculture & Rural Affairs, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shu-Geng Wu
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Animal Products on Feed Hazards (Beijing) of the Ministry of Agriculture & Rural Affairs, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yan-Ming Han
- Trouw Nutrition Research & Development Centers, Amersfoort, Netherlands
| | - Yuan-Yuan Wu
- Trouw Nutrition Research & Development Centers, Amersfoort, Netherlands
| | - Guang-Hai Qi
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Animal Products on Feed Hazards (Beijing) of the Ministry of Agriculture & Rural Affairs, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Animal Products on Feed Hazards (Beijing) of the Ministry of Agriculture & Rural Affairs, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
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Wang Y, Pan CQ, Xing H. Advances in Gut Microbiota of Viral Hepatitis Cirrhosis. Biomed Res Int 2019; 2019:9726786. [PMID: 31886272 DOI: 10.1155/2019/9726786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Revised: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Although gut dysbiosis appears in 20%-75% of cirrhotic patients, there are limited data on microbiota profiles in viral hepatitis cirrhotics and its role in progression to cirrhosis. Further understanding on the relationship between gut dysbiosis and cirrhosis presents a unique opportunity in not only predicting the development of cirrhosis but also discovering new therapies. Recent advances have been made on identifying unique microbiota in viral hepatitis cirrhotics and adopting the microbiota index to predict cirrhosis. Therapeutic intervention with microbiome-modulating has been explored. Cirrhosis from viral infection has unique bacterial or fungal profiles, which include increased numbers of Prevotella, Streptococcus, Staphylococcaceae, and Enterococcus, as well as decreased Ruminococcus and Clostridium. In addition, the gut microbiota can stimulate liver immunity, effectively helping hepatitis virus clearance. In clinical settings, CDR, GDI, Basidiomycota/Ascomycota, specific POD, and so forth are efficient microbiota indexes to diagnose or prognosticate cirrhosis from viral hepatitis. FMT, probiotics, and prebiotics can restore microbial diversity in cirrhotic patients with viral hepatitis, decrease ammonia serum or endotoxemia levels, prevent complications, reduce rehospitalization rate, and improve prognosis. Cirrhotics from viral hepatitis had unique bacterial or fungal profiles, associated with specific metabolic, immune, and endocrinological statuses. Such profiles are modifiable with medical treatment. The role of gut archaea and virome, implementation of FMT, microbiota metabolites as adjuvant immunotherapy, and microbiota indexes for prognostication deserve attention.
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