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Mukherjee A, Breselge S, Dimidi E, Marco ML, Cotter PD. Fermented foods and gastrointestinal health: underlying mechanisms. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2024; 21:248-266. [PMID: 38081933 DOI: 10.1038/s41575-023-00869-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
Although fermentation probably originally developed as a means of preserving food substrates, many fermented foods (FFs), and components therein, are thought to have a beneficial effect on various aspects of human health, and gastrointestinal health in particular. It is important that any such perceived benefits are underpinned by rigorous scientific research to understand the associated mechanisms of action. Here, we review in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo studies that have provided insights into the ways in which the specific food components, including FF microorganisms and a variety of bioactives, can contribute to health-promoting activities. More specifically, we draw on representative examples of FFs to discuss the mechanisms through which functional components are produced or enriched during fermentation (such as bioactive peptides and exopolysaccharides), potentially toxic or harmful compounds (such as phytic acid, mycotoxins and lactose) are removed from the food substrate, and how the introduction of fermentation-associated live or dead microorganisms, or components thereof, to the gut can convey health benefits. These studies, combined with a deeper understanding of the microbial composition of a wider variety of modern and traditional FFs, can facilitate the future optimization of FFs, and associated microorganisms, to retain and maximize beneficial effects in the gut.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Samuel Breselge
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Cork, Ireland
- APC Microbiome Ireland, Cork, Ireland
| | - Eirini Dimidi
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Maria L Marco
- Department of Food Science & Technology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Paul D Cotter
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Cork, Ireland.
- APC Microbiome Ireland, Cork, Ireland.
- VistaMilk, Cork, Ireland.
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Estruch R, Lamuela-Raventós RM. Cardiovascular benefits of fermented foods and beverages: still up for debate. Nat Rev Cardiol 2023; 20:789-790. [PMID: 37783744 DOI: 10.1038/s41569-023-00938-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ramon Estruch
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Rosa M Lamuela-Raventós
- Departament de Nutrició, Ciències de l'Alimentació i Gastronomía, Facultat de Farmacia i Ciències de l'Alimentació, INSA, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Siddiqui SA, Erol Z, Rugji J, Taşçı F, Kahraman HA, Toppi V, Musa L, Di Giacinto G, Bahmid NA, Mehdizadeh M, Castro-Muñoz R. An overview of fermentation in the food industry - looking back from a new perspective. BIORESOUR BIOPROCESS 2023; 10:85. [PMID: 38647968 PMCID: PMC10991178 DOI: 10.1186/s40643-023-00702-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Fermentation is thought to be born in the Fertile Crescent, and since then, almost every culture has integrated fermented foods into their dietary habits. Originally used to preserve foods, fermentation is now applied to improve their physicochemical, sensory, nutritional, and safety attributes. Fermented dairy, alcoholic beverages like wine and beer, fermented vegetables, fruits, and meats are all highly valuable due to their increased storage stability, reduced risk of food poisoning, and enhanced flavor. Over the years, scientific research has associated the consumption of fermented products with improved health status. The fermentation process helps to break down compounds into more easily digestible forms. It also helps to reduce the amount of toxins and pathogens in food. Additionally, fermented foods contain probiotics, which are beneficial bacteria that help the body to digest food and absorb nutrients. In today's world, non-communicable diseases such as cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, cancer, and allergies have increased. In this regard, scientific investigations have demonstrated that shifting to a diet that contains fermented foods can reduce the risk of non-communicable diseases. Moreover, in the last decade, there has been a growing interest in fermentation technology to valorize food waste into valuable by-products. Fermentation of various food wastes has resulted in the successful production of valuable by-products, including enzymes, pigments, and biofuels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahida Anusha Siddiqui
- Technical University of Munich, Campus Straubing for Biotechnology and Sustainability, Essigberg 3, 94315, Straubing, Germany.
- German Institute of Food Technologies (DIL E.V.), Prof.-Von-Klitzing Str. 7, 49610, Quakenbrück, Germany.
| | - Zeki Erol
- Department of Food Hygiene and Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, İstiklal Campus, 15030, Burdur, Turkey
| | - Jerina Rugji
- Department of Food Hygiene and Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, İstiklal Campus, 15030, Burdur, Turkey
| | - Fulya Taşçı
- Department of Food Hygiene and Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, İstiklal Campus, 15030, Burdur, Turkey
| | - Hatice Ahu Kahraman
- Department of Food Hygiene and Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, İstiklal Campus, 15030, Burdur, Turkey
| | - Valeria Toppi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, 06126, Perugia, Italy
| | - Laura Musa
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of Milan, 26900, Lodi, Italy
| | - Giacomo Di Giacinto
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, 06126, Perugia, Italy
| | - Nur Alim Bahmid
- Research Center for Food Technology and Processing, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Gading, Playen, Gunungkidul, 55861, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Mohammad Mehdizadeh
- Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
- Ilam Science and Technology Park, Ilam, Iran
| | - Roberto Castro-Muñoz
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Campus Toluca, Av. Eduardo Monroy Cárdenas 2000, San Antonio Buenavista, 50110, Toluca de Lerdo, Mexico.
- Department of Sanitary Engineering, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Gdansk University of Technology, G. Narutowicza St. 11/12, 80-233, Gdansk, Poland.
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Bertram HC. NMR foodomics in the assessment of diet and effects beyond nutrients. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care 2023:00075197-990000000-00051. [PMID: 36942870 DOI: 10.1097/mco.0000000000000906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review provides an overview of most recent research studies employing nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)-based metabolomics in the assessment of effects of diet and food ingestion. RECENT FINDINGS NMR metabolomics is a useful tool in the elucidation of specific diets, for example, the Mediterranean diet, the New Nordic diet types, and also for comparing vegan, vegetarian and omnivore diets where specific diet-linked metabolite perturbations have been identified. Another core area where NMR metabolomics is employed involves research focused on examining specific food components or ingredients, including dietary fibers and other functional components. In several cases, NMR metabolomics has aided to document how specific food components exert effects on the metabolic activity of the gut microbiota. Research has also demonstrated the potential use of NMR metabolomics in assessing diet quality and interactions between specific food components such as meat and diet quality. The implications of these findings are important as they address that background diet can be decisive for if food items turn out to exert either harmful or health-promoting effects. SUMMARY NMR metabolomics can provide important mechanistic insight and aid to biomarker discovery with implications for compliance and food registration purposes.
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Danielewicz A, Morze J, Staniewska K, Dąbrowska A, Sawicki T, Yang Z, Baranowska M, Darewicz M, Żulewska J, Staniewski B, Przybyłowicz KE. Association between Intake of Fermented Dairy Product and Diet Quality, Health Beliefs in a Representative Sample of Polish Population. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14235018. [PMID: 36501048 PMCID: PMC9736614 DOI: 10.3390/nu14235018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the association of diet quality and perception of consumption benefits with intake of fermented dairy products in a representative sample of the Polish population. The study was carried out in February 2020 and involved 2009 men and women randomly sampled from the representative Polish population stratified into two age groups (19-30 and 66-75 years). Dairy product intake was evaluated using a qualitative food frequency questionnaire. Diet quality was assessed by calculating the Mediterranean Diet Adherence Screener (MEDAS) score. The perceived health benefit of dairy product consumption was assessed by a literature-based questionnaire. The Health Concern Scale was used to measure participants' attitudes toward health. The median intake of fermented dairy products was 0.8 portion/day (IQR: 0.4-1.6). Intake of fermented dairy products was associated with a higher MEDAS score. We observed that people with the highest intake of fermented dairy products consumed more oils, vegetables, wine, legumes, fish and seafood, sweets and pastries, nuts, had a higher preference for white meat and were more likely to report their perceived benefits to maintain body weight, reduce cardiovascular risk, and improve immune and dental health. Moreover, a high intake of fermented dairy products was positively related to paying more attention to health. Our study identified patterns of health behaviors associated with the frequent consumption of fermented dairy products. We observed that the intake of fermented dairy products is associated with better diet quality, consumer self-consciousness, and a greater attitude toward personal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Danielewicz
- Department of Human Nutrition, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-718 Olsztyn, Poland
- Correspondence: (A.D.); (K.E.P.); Tel.: +48-89-524-5512 (A.D.); +48-89-524-5521 (K.E.P.)
| | - Jakub Morze
- Department of Human Nutrition, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-718 Olsztyn, Poland
- Department of Cardiology and Internal Diseases, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-082 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Staniewska
- Department of Commodity Science and Food Analysis, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-726 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Aneta Dąbrowska
- Department of Dairy Science and Quality Management, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Tomasz Sawicki
- Department of Human Nutrition, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-718 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Zhennai Yang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Maria Baranowska
- Department of Dairy Science and Quality Management, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Darewicz
- Deparment of Food Biochemistry, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-726 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Justyna Żulewska
- Department of Dairy Science and Quality Management, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Bogusław Staniewski
- Department of Dairy Science and Quality Management, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Katarzyna E. Przybyłowicz
- Department of Human Nutrition, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-718 Olsztyn, Poland
- Correspondence: (A.D.); (K.E.P.); Tel.: +48-89-524-5512 (A.D.); +48-89-524-5521 (K.E.P.)
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