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Wang X, Wang Y, Chen J, Wang Q, Liu Z, Yin Y, Yang T, Shen T, Sa Y. On the mechanism of wogonin against acute monocytic leukemia using network pharmacology and experimental validation. Sci Rep 2024; 14:10114. [PMID: 38698063 PMCID: PMC11065882 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-60859-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Wogonin is a natural flavone compound from the plant Scutellaria baicalensis, which has a variety of pharmacological activities such as anti-cancer, anti-virus, anti-inflammatory, and immune regulation. However, the potential mechanism of wogonin remains unknown. This study was to confirm the molecular mechanism of wogonin for acute monocytic leukemia treatment, known as AML-M5. The potential action targets between wogonin and acute monocytic leukemia were predicted from databases. The compound-target-pathway network and protein-protein interaction network (PPI) were constructed. The enrichment analysis of related targets and molecular docking were performed. The network pharmacological results of wogonin for AML-M5 treatment were verified using the THP-1 cell line. 71 target genes of wogonin associated with AML-M5 were found. The key genes TP53, SRC, AKT1, RELA, HSP90AA1, JUN, PIK3R1, and CCND1 were preliminarily found to be the potential central targets of wogonin for AML-M5 treatment. The PPI network analysis, GO analysis and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis demonstrated that the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway was the significant pathway in the wogonin for AML-M5 treatment. The antiproliferative effects of wogonin on THP-1 cells of AML-M5 presented a dose-dependent and time-dependent manner, inducing apoptosis, blocking the cell cycle at the G2/M phase, decreasing the expressions of CCND1, CDK2, and CyclinA2 mRNA, as well as AKT and p-AKT proteins. The mechanisms of wogonin on AML-M5 treatment may be associated with inhibiting cell proliferation and regulating the cell cycle via the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xixi Wang
- Center for Clinical Medicine Research, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province (Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology), Kunming, 650032, China
- Medical school, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650032, China
| | - Yanfei Wang
- Center for Clinical Medicine Research, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province (Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology), Kunming, 650032, China
- Medical school, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650032, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Center for Clinical Medicine Research, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province (Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology), Kunming, 650032, China
- Medical school, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650032, China
| | - Qinyao Wang
- Center for Clinical Medicine Research, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province (Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology), Kunming, 650032, China
- Medical school, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650032, China
| | - Zhongjian Liu
- Center for Clinical Medicine Research, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province (Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology), Kunming, 650032, China
| | - Yijie Yin
- Center for Clinical Medicine Research, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province (Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology), Kunming, 650032, China
- Medical school, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650032, China
| | - Tonghua Yang
- Department of Hematology, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, 650032, China
| | - Tao Shen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province (Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology), Kunming, 650032, China
| | - Yalian Sa
- Medical school, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650032, China.
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Liu T, Zhang B, Gao Y, Zhang X, Tong J, Li Z. Identification of ACHE as the hub gene targeting solasonine associated with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) using integrated bioinformatics analysis. PeerJ 2023; 11:e16195. [PMID: 37842037 PMCID: PMC10573390 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.16195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Solasonine, as a major biological component of Solanum nigrum L., has demonstrated anticancer effects against several malignancies. However, little is understood regarding its biological target and mechanism in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods We conducted an analysis on transcriptomic data to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs), and employed an artificial intelligence (AI) strategy to predict the target protein for solasonine. Subsequently, genetic dependency analysis and molecular docking were performed, with Acetylcholinesterase (ACHE) selected as a pivotal marker for solasonine. We then employed a range of bioinformatic approaches to explore the relationship between ACHE and solasonine. Furthermore, we investigated the impact of solasonine on A549 cells, a human lung cancer cell line. Cell inhibition of A549 cells following solasonine treatment was analyzed using the CCK8 assay. Additionally, we assessed the protein expression of ACHE, as well as markers associated with apoptosis and inflammation, using western blotting. To investigate their functions, we employed a plasmid-based ACHE overexpression system. Finally, we performed dynamics simulations to simulate the interaction mode between solasonine and ACHE. Results The results of the genetic dependency analysis revealed that ACHE could be identified as the pivotal target with the highest docking affinity. The cell experiments yielded significant findings, as evidenced by the negative regulatory effect of solasonine treatment on tumor cells, as demonstrated by the CCK8 assay. Western blotting analysis revealed that solasonine treatment resulted in the downregulation of the Bcl-2/Bax ratio and upregulation of cleaved caspase-3 protein expression levels. Moreover, we observed that ACHE overexpression promoted the expression of the Bcl-2/Bax ratio and decreased cleaved caspase-3 expression in the OE-ACHE group. Notably, solasonine treatment rescued the Bcl-2/Bax ratio and cleaved caspase-3 expression in OE-ACHE cells compared to OE-ACHE cells without solasonine treatment, suggesting that solasonine induces apoptosis. Besides, solasonine exhibited its anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting P38 MAPK. This was supported by the decline in protein levels of IL-1β and TNF-α, as well as the phosphorylated forms of JNK and P38 MAPK. The results from the molecular docking and dynamics simulations further confirmed the potent binding affinity and effective inhibitory action between solasonine and ACHE. Conclusions The findings of the current investigation show that solasonine exerts its pro-apoptosis and anti-inflammatory effects by suppressing the expression of ACHE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Liu
- Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Key Laboratory of Xin’An Medicine, Ministry of Education, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Boke Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yating Gao
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Xingxing Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Jiabing Tong
- Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Key Laboratory of Anhui Provincial Department of Education, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Center for Xin’an Medicine and Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Institute of Health and Medicine, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Zegeng Li
- Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Key Laboratory of Anhui Provincial Department of Education, Hefei, Anhui, China
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Chen X, Dai X, Liu Y, Yang Y, Yuan L, He X, Gong G. Solanum nigrum Linn.: An Insight into Current Research on Traditional Uses, Phytochemistry, and Pharmacology. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:918071. [PMID: 36052142 PMCID: PMC9424827 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.918071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Solanum nigrum Linn., is a common edible medicinal herb of the Solanaceae family which is native to Southeast Asia and is now widely distributed in temperate to tropical regions of Europe, Asia, and America. Traditionally, it has been used to treat various cancers, acute nephritis, urethritis, leucorrhea, sore throat, toothache, dermatitis, eczema, carbuncles, and furuncles. Up to now, 188 chemical constituents have been identified from S. nigrum. Among them, steroidal saponins, alkaloids, phenols, and polysaccharides are the major bioactive constituents. Investigations of pharmacological activities of S. nigrum revealed that this edible medicinal herb exhibits a wide range of therapeutic potential, including antitumor, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antibacterial, and neuroprotective activities both in vivo and in vitro. This article presents a comprehensive and systematic overview of the botanical, traditional uses, phytochemical compositions, pharmacological properties, clinical trials, and toxicity of S. nigrum to provide the latest information for further exploitation and applications of S. nigrum in functional foods and medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xufei Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, The General Hospital of the Western Theater Command, Chengdu, China
| | - Xufen Dai
- Shaanxi Institute for Food and Drug Control, Xi’an, China
| | - Yinghai Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The General Hospital of the Western Theater Command, Chengdu, China
| | - Yan Yang
- Department of Bioengineering, Zhuhai Campus, Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Libang Yuan
- Department of Anesthesiology, The General Hospital of the Western Theater Command, Chengdu, China
| | - Xirui He
- Department of Bioengineering, Zhuhai Campus, Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai, China
- *Correspondence: Xirui He, ; Gu Gong,
| | - Gu Gong
- Department of Anesthesiology, The General Hospital of the Western Theater Command, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Xirui He, ; Gu Gong,
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Zeng YY, Luo YB, Ju XD, Zhang B, Cui YJ, Pan YB, Tian JH, Teng WJ, Wu J, Li Y. Solasonine Causes Redox Imbalance and Mitochondrial Oxidative Stress of Ferroptosis in Lung Adenocarcinoma. Front Oncol 2022; 12:874900. [PMID: 35664792 PMCID: PMC9158126 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.874900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Ferroptosis, a type of iron-dependent oxidative cell death caused by excessive lipid peroxidation, is emerging as a promising cancer therapeutic strategy. Solasonine has been reported as a potential compound in tumor suppression, which is closely linked to ferroptosis. However, ferroptosis caused by solasonine is insufficiently identified and elaborated in lung adenocarcinoma, a fatal disease with high morbidity and mortality rates. First, the biochemical and morphological changes in Calu-1 and A549 cells exposed to solasonine are observed using a cell death assay and a microscope. The cell viability assay is performed after determining the executive concentration of solasonine to assess the effects of solasonine on tumor growth in Calu-1 and A549 cells. The ferroptosis is then identified by using ferroptosis-related reagents on CCK-8, lipid peroxidation assessment, Fe2+, and ROS detection. Furthermore, the antioxidant system, which includes GSH, Cys, GPx4, SLC7A11, and mitochondrial function, is measured to identify the potential pathways. According to the results, solasonine precisely exerts antitumor ability in lung adenocarcinoma cells. Ferroptosis is involved in the solasonine-induced cell death, as well as the accumulation of lipid peroxide, Fe2+, and ROS. Moreover, the failures of antioxidant defense and mitochondrial damage are considered to make a significant contribution to the occurrence of ferroptosis caused by solasonine. The study describes the potential process of ferroptosis caused by solasonine when dealing with lung adenocarcinoma. This encouraging evidence suggests that solasonine may be useful in the treatment of lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao-Ying Zeng
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying-Bin Luo
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xu-Dong Ju
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ya-Jing Cui
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan-Bin Pan
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian-Hui Tian
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen-Jing Teng
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianchun Wu
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Dong Y, Hao L, Shi Z, Fang K, Yu H, Zang G, Fan T, Han C, Yang D. Solasonine Induces Apoptosis and Inhibits Proliferation of Bladder Cancer Cells by Suppressing NRP1 Expression. Journal of Oncology 2022; 2022:1-15. [PMID: 35281516 PMCID: PMC8906937 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7261486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Solasonine, a steroidal alkaloid extracted from Solanum nigrum L., has been found to exert inhibitory effect on cancers. However, the underlying anticancer mechanisms of solasonine, particularly in urinary bladder cancer (BC), remain unclear. In this study, we identified the potential targets and biological functions associated with solasonine activity using a bioinformatics approach. Ingenuity pathway analysis revealed that neuropilin-1 (NRP1) and other signaling pathways, such as PI3K/AKT and ERK/MAPK pathways, were potentially involved in the therapeutic effects of solasonine. The ability of solasonine in inducing apoptosis and inhibiting proliferation in BC cells was confirmed experimentally, and the inhibition of ERK/MAPK, P38/MAPK, and PI3K/AKT pathways was validated by Western blot. Mechanistically, solasonine suppressed the expression of NRP1 protein, but not that of mRNA. Further results of molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation analysis indicated that solasonine could directly bind to the b1 domain of NRP1 protein with a reasonable and stable docking conformation. We previously found that targeting NRP1 is a potential antitumor strategy. Combined with these findings, it can be speculated that the binding of solasonine with NRP1 on the cell membrane could prevent the formation of NRP1/VEGFA/VEGFR2 and NRP1/EGFR complexes, resulting in the inhibition of downstream signaling, including ERK/MAPK, P38/MAPK, and PI3K/AKT pathways. Additionally, intracellular solasonine could inhibit the membrane localization of NRP1 and provoke its cytoplasmic retention, facilitating the degradation of NRP1 protein in the cytoplasm. The dual effects induced by the binding of solasonine to NRP1 extracellularly and intracellularly could account for the antiproliferative and proapoptotic effects of solasonine on BC.
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Zhang H, Yan L. Solasonine relieves sevoflurane-induced neurotoxicity via activating the AMP-activated protein kinase/FoxO3a pathway. Hum Exp Toxicol 2022; 41:9603271211069984. [PMID: 35350913 DOI: 10.1177/09603271211069984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Solasonine (SS), the main active ingredient of Solanumnigrum L, has been reported to boast extensive anti-tumor, anti-oxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties. This study is committed to exploring whether solasonine can alleviate neurotoxicity resulting from sevoflurane. MATERIALS AND METHODS The mouse hippocampal neuron cell line HT22 was treated with sevoflurane and/or solasonine of different doses. The proliferation, inflammation, oxidative stress response, and apoptosis of HT22 cells were examined. The AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)/FoxO3a signaling pathway was ascertained through Western blot and cellular immunofluorescence. In in-vivo experiments, Morris water maze figured out the changes in learning and memory abilities of mice treated with 8 mg/kg solasonine and exposed to SEV. RESULTS Sevoflurane induced apoptosis and hampered proliferation in HT22 cells. It also aggravated the release of inflammatory factors and oxidative stress mediators. Solasonine weakened neuron damage mediated by sevoflurane in a concentration-dependent pattern. Mechanically, sevoflurane clogged AMPK/FoxO3a signaling pathway activation, which was strengthened by solasonine. AMPK inhibition greatly influenced solasonine's protective effect on HT22 cells. Invivo, solasonine prominently ameliorated learning and memory disorders and nerve damage in mice exposed to sevoflurane. CONCLUSIONS Solasonine alleviates sevoflurane-induced neurotoxicity through activating the AMPK/FoxO3a signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huifang Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Third Hospital of Changsha, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Lei Yan
- Department of Anesthesiology, 159426People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, China
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