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Casas-Román A, Lorite MJ, Sanjuán J, Gallegos MT. Two glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenases with distinctive roles in Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000. Microbiol Res 2024; 278:127530. [PMID: 37890268 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2023.127530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH or Gap) is a ubiquitously distributed enzyme that plays an essential role in the glycolytic and gluconeogenic pathways. However, additional roles have been described unrelated to its enzymatic function in diverse organisms, often linked to its presence in the cell surface or as a secreted protein. Despite being a paradigm among multifunctional/moonlighting proteins, little is known about its possible roles in phytopathogenic bacteria. In the present work we have studied three putative gap paralogous genes identified in the genome of Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato (Pto) DC3000, an important model in molecular plant pathology, with the aim of determining their physiological and possible non-canonical roles in this bacterium and in the plant infection process. We have established that the Gap1 protein has a predominantly glycolytic activity, whereas the NADPH-dependent Gap2 main activity is gluconeogenic. The third paralogue lacks GAPDH activity in Pto but is indispensable for vitamin B6 metabolism and displays erythrose-4-phosphate dehydrogenase activity, thus referred as epd. Both Gap enzymes exhibit distinct functional characteristics depending on the bacterium physiological state, with Gap1 presenting a substantial role in motility, biosurfactant production and biofilm formation. On the other hand, solely Gap2 appears to be essential for growth on tomato plant. Furthermore, Gap1 and Gap2 present a distinctive transcriptional regulation and both have been identified exported outside the cells with different definite media compositions. This serves as compelling evidence of additional roles beyond their central metabolic functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariana Casas-Román
- Department of Soil and Plant Microbiology, Estación Experimental del Zaidín (EEZ-CSIC), Granada, Spain
| | - María-José Lorite
- Department of Soil and Plant Microbiology, Estación Experimental del Zaidín (EEZ-CSIC), Granada, Spain
| | - Juan Sanjuán
- Department of Soil and Plant Microbiology, Estación Experimental del Zaidín (EEZ-CSIC), Granada, Spain.
| | - María-Trinidad Gallegos
- Department of Soil and Plant Microbiology, Estación Experimental del Zaidín (EEZ-CSIC), Granada, Spain.
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2
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Lampaki D, Diepold A, Glatter T. In-Depth Quantitative Proteomics Analysis of the Pseudomonas aeruginosa Secretome. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2721:197-211. [PMID: 37819524 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3473-8_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Secreted proteins play vital roles in bacterial communication, metabolism, and virulence. However, analysis of the bacterial secretome can be challenging, especially if bacteria require rich media for growth or secretion. In this protocol, we describe an efficient and sensitive method to analyze the secretome by shotgun proteomics, using a combination of trichloroacetic acid (TCA) precipitation and single-pot solid-phase-enhanced sample preparation (SP3) for the preparation of the samples. The method was used to identify and quantify proteins secreted by wildtype Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1, highlighting its applicability for proteins secreted in limited amounts and in rich media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios Lampaki
- Max Planck Institute for Immunology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Diepold
- Max Planck Institute for Terrestrial Microbiology, Marburg, Germany
| | - Timo Glatter
- Max Planck Institute for Terrestrial Microbiology, Marburg, Germany.
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3
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He LL, Wang X, O'Neill Rothenberg D, Xu X, Wang HH, Deng X, Cui ZN. A novel strategy to control Pseudomonas syringae through inhibition of type III secretion system. Pestic Biochem Physiol 2023; 194:105471. [PMID: 37532345 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2023.105471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
Pseudomonas syringae (P. syringae) is a highly prevalent Gram-negative pathogen with over 60 pathogenic variants that cause yield losses of up to 80% in various crops. Traditional control methods mainly involve the application of antibiotics to inactivate pathogenic bacteria, but large-scale application of antibiotics has led to the development of bacterial resistance. Gram-negative pathogens including P. syringae commonly use the type III secretion system (T3SS) as a transport channel to deliver effector proteins into host cells, disrupting host defences and facilitating virulence, providing a novel target for antibacterial drug development. In this study, we constructed a high-throughput screening reporter system based on our previous work to screen for imidazole, oxazole and thiazole compounds. The screening indicated that the three compounds (II-14, II-15 and II-24) significantly inhibited hrpW and hrpL gene promoter activity without influencing the growth of P. syringae, and the inhibitory activity was better than that of the positive control sulforaphane (4-methylsulfinylbutyl isothiocyanate, SFN) at 50 μM. Three compounds suppressed the transcript levels of representative T3SS genes to different degrees, suggesting that the compounds may suppress the expression of T3SS by modulating the HrpR/S-HrpL regulatory pathway. Inoculation experiments indicated that all three compounds suppressed the pathogenicity of Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 in tomato and Pseudomonas syringae pv. phaseolicola 1448A in bean to varying degrees. One representative compound, II-15, significantly inhibited the secretion of the Pst DC3000 AvrPto effector protein. These findings provide a theoretical basis for the development of novel P. syringae T3SS inhibitors for application in disease prevention and control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu-Lu He
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xin Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | | | - Xiaoli Xu
- Instrumental Analysis & Research Center, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Hai-Hong Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China
| | - Xin Deng
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China; Shenzhen Research Institute, City University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Zi-Ning Cui
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
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4
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Puttilli MR, Danzi D, Correia C, Brandi J, Cecconi D, Manfredi M, Marengo E, Santos C, Spinelli F, Polverari A, Vandelle E. Plant Signals Anticipate the Induction of the Type III Secretion System in Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae, Facilitating Efficient Temperature-Dependent Effector Translocation. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0207322. [PMID: 36287008 PMCID: PMC9770001 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02073-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Disease resistance in plants depends on a molecular dialogue with microbes that involves many known chemical effectors, but the time course of the interaction and the influence of the environment are largely unknown. The outcome of host-pathogen interactions is thought to reflect the offensive and defensive capabilities of both players. When plants interact with Pseudomonas syringae, several well-characterized virulence factors contribute to early bacterial pathogenicity, including the type III secretion system (T3SS), which must be activated by signals from the plant and environment to allow the secretion of virulence effectors. The manner in which these signals regulate T3SS activity is still unclear. Here, we strengthen the paradigm of the plant-pathogen molecular dialogue by addressing overlooked details concerning the timing of interactions, specifically the role of plant signals and temperature on the regulation of bacterial virulence during the first few hours of the interaction. Whole-genome expression profiling after 1 h revealed that the perception of plant signals from kiwifruit or tomato extracts anticipated T3SS expression in P. syringae pv. actinidiae compared to apoplast-like conditions, facilitating more efficient effector transport in planta, as revealed by the induction of a temperature-dependent hypersensitive response in the nonhost plant Arabidopsis thaliana Columbia-0 (Col-0). Our results show that in the arms race between plants and bacteria, the temperature-dependent timing of bacterial virulence versus the induction of plant defenses is probably one of the fundamental parameters governing the outcome of the interaction. IMPORTANCE Plant diseases-their occurrence and severity-result from the impact of three factors: the host, the pathogen, and the environmental conditions, interconnected in the disease triangle. Time was further included as a fourth factor accounting for plant disease, leading to a more realistic three-dimensional disease pyramid to represent the evolution of disease over time. However, this representation still considers time only as a parameter determining when and to what extent a disease will occur, at a scale from days to months. Here, we show that time is a factor regulating the arms race between plants and pathogens, at a scale from minutes to hours, and strictly depends on environmental factors. Thus, besides the arms possessed by pathogens and plants per se, the opportunity and the timing of arms mobilization make the difference in determining the outcome of an interaction and thus the occurrence of plant disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Davide Danzi
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Cristiana Correia
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
- Department of Biology, LAQV-REQUIMTE, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Jessica Brandi
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Daniela Cecconi
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Marcello Manfredi
- Department of Translational Medicine, Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune & Allergic Diseases (CAAD), University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Emilio Marengo
- Department of Science and Technological Innovation, University of Piemonte Orientale, Alessandria, Italy
| | - Conceição Santos
- Department of Biology, LAQV-REQUIMTE, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Francesco Spinelli
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Elodie Vandelle
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
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Kumawat KC, Razdan N, Saharan K. Rhizospheric microbiome: Bio-based emerging strategies for sustainable agriculture development and future perspectives. Microbiol Res 2021; 254:126901. [PMID: 34700186 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2021.126901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Revised: 10/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In the light of intensification of cropping practices and changing climatic conditions, nourishing a growing global population requires optimizing environmental sustainability and reducing ecosystem impacts of food production. The use of microbiological systems to ameliorate the agricultural production in a sustainable and eco-friendly way is widespread accepted as a future key-technology. However, the multitude of interaction possibilities between the numerous beneficial microbes and plants in their habitat calls for systematic analysis and management of the rhizospheric microbiome. This review exploits present and future strategies for rhizospheric microbiome management with the aim to generate a comprehensive understanding of the known tools and techniques. Significant information on the structure and dynamics of rhizospheric microbiota of isolated microbial communities is now available. These microbial communities have beneficial effects including increased plant growth, essential nutrient acquisition, pathogens tolerance, and increased abiotic as well as biotic stress tolerance such as drought, temperature, salinity and antagonistic activities against the phyto-pathogens. A better and comprehensive understanding of the various effects and microbial interactions can be gained by application of molecular approaches as extraction of DNA/RNA and other biochemical markers to analyze microbial soil diversity. Novel techniques like interactome network analysis and split-ubiquitin system framework will enable to gain more insight into communication and interactions between the proteins from microbes and plants. The aim of the analysis tasks leads to the novel approach of Rhizosphere microbiome engineering. The capability of forming the rhizospheric microbiome in a defined way will allow combining several microbes (e.g. bacteria and fungi) for a given environment (soil type and climatic zone) in order to exert beneficial influences on specific plants. This integration will require a large-scale effort among academic researchers, industry researchers and farmers to understand and manage interactions of plant-microbiomes within modern farming systems, and is clearly a multi-domain approach and can be mastered only jointly by microbiology, mathematics and information technology. These innovations will open up a new avenue for designing and implementing intensive farming microbiome management approaches to maximize resource productivity and stress tolerance of agro-ecosystems, which in return will create value to the increasing worldwide population, for both food production and consumption.
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Lampaki D, Diepold A, Glatter T. A Serial Sample Processing Strategy with Improved Performance for in-Depth Quantitative Analysis of Type III Secretion Events in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. J Proteome Res 2020; 19:543-553. [PMID: 31814412 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.9b00628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The efficient analysis of secretomes is important to study the mechanisms of bacterial secretion. However, secretome analysis of bacteria that rely on rich media for optimal secretion via modern quantitative shotgun proteomics workflows is often hampered by the higher degree of sample impurities. This may be a reason for the low number of quantitative secretome investigations in such cases. We assessed the efficiency and amenability for rich media secretome analysis of different workflows including precipitation, SP3, and a combined, serial workflow. Using the model organism Pseudomonas aeruginosa, we found that the combined TCA-SP3 strategy outperformed the other tested methods on all monitored qualitative and quantitative levels. This method proved to be most efficient in the recovery of proteins secreted by the type III secretion system (T3SS), including all known effector proteins and secretion machinery components. We monitored the compositional changes of secretome samples over time, and observed a strong increase in the secreted protein fraction by the T3SS 2 to 3 h after T3SS induction. Our study conceptually illustrates how the combination of TCA precipitation and SP3 results in orthogonality in depleting sample impurities accompanied by improved chromatographic peptide separation, and more efficient MS detection with improved quantification parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios Lampaki
- Core Facility for Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics , Max Planck Institute for Terrestrial Microbiology , Karl-von-Frisch-Str. 10 , D-35043 Marburg , Germany.,Department of Ecophysiology , Max Planck Institute for Terrestrial Microbiology , Karl-von-Frisch-Str. 10 , D-35043 Marburg , Germany
| | - Andreas Diepold
- Department of Ecophysiology , Max Planck Institute for Terrestrial Microbiology , Karl-von-Frisch-Str. 10 , D-35043 Marburg , Germany
| | - Timo Glatter
- Core Facility for Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics , Max Planck Institute for Terrestrial Microbiology , Karl-von-Frisch-Str. 10 , D-35043 Marburg , Germany
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7
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Harvey KL, Jarocki VM, Charles IG, Djordjevic SP. The Diverse Functional Roles of Elongation Factor Tu (EF-Tu) in Microbial Pathogenesis. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:2351. [PMID: 31708880 PMCID: PMC6822514 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Elongation factor thermal unstable Tu (EF-Tu) is a G protein that catalyzes the binding of aminoacyl-tRNA to the A-site of the ribosome inside living cells. Structural and biochemical studies have described the complex interactions needed to effect canonical function. However, EF-Tu has evolved the capacity to execute diverse functions on the extracellular surface of both eukaryote and prokaryote cells. EF-Tu can traffic to, and is retained on, cell surfaces where can interact with membrane receptors and with extracellular matrix on the surface of plant and animal cells. Our structural studies indicate that short linear motifs (SLiMs) in surface exposed, non-conserved regions of the molecule may play a key role in the moonlighting functions ascribed to this ancient, highly abundant protein. Here we explore the diverse moonlighting functions relating to pathogenesis of EF-Tu in bacteria and examine putative SLiMs on surface-exposed regions of the molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate L Harvey
- The ithree Institute, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, Australia
| | - Veronica M Jarocki
- The ithree Institute, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, Australia
| | - Ian G Charles
- Quadram Institute, Norwich, United Kingdom.,Norwich Medical School, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Steven P Djordjevic
- The ithree Institute, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, Australia
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Zhao Z, Chen J, Gao X, Zhang D, Zhang J, Wen J, Qin H, Guo M, Huang L. Comparative genomics reveal pathogenicity-related loci in Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae biovar 3. Mol Plant Pathol 2019; 20:923-942. [PMID: 31025813 PMCID: PMC6589868 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.12803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial canker of kiwifruit, is a severe global disease caused by Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae (Psa). Here, we found that Psa biovar 3 (Psa3) was the only biovar consisting of three widely distributed clades in the largest Chinese kiwifruit cultivated area. Comparative genomics between the three clades revealed 13 polymorphic genes, each of which had multiple intra-clade variations. For instance, we confirmed that the polymorphic copA gene, which encodes a periplasmic protein CopA that is translocated by the Twin-arginine targeting (Tat) system, was involved in copper tolerance. We also found extensive variation in pathogenicity amongst strains within each genetically monomorphic clade. Accordingly, the pathogenic determinants of Psa3 were identified via a genomic comparison of phenotypically different strains within each clade. A case study of the high- and low-virulence strains in the clade 2 of Psa3 revealed that an hfq variant involved in in vitro growth and virulence, while a conserved locus 930 bp upstream of the hrpR gene in the Type III secretion system (T3SS) cluster was required for full pathogenicity on kiwifruit and elicitation of the hypersensitivity response on non-host Nicotiana benthamiana. The '-930' locus is involved in transcriptional regulation of hrpR/S and modulates T3SS function via the hierarchical 'HrpR/S-HrpL-T3SS/effector' regulatory cascade in Psa. Our results provide insights into the molecular basis underlying the genetic diversification and evolution of pathogenicity in Psa3 since kiwifruit canker emerged in China in the 1980s.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhibo Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas; and College of Plant ProtectionNorthwest A&F UniversityYangling712100P. R. China
| | - Jiliang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas; and College of Plant ProtectionNorthwest A&F UniversityYangling712100P. R. China
| | - Xiaoning Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas; and College of Plant ProtectionNorthwest A&F UniversityYangling712100P. R. China
| | - Di Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas; and College of Plant ProtectionNorthwest A&F UniversityYangling712100P. R. China
| | - Jinlong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas; and College of Plant ProtectionNorthwest A&F UniversityYangling712100P. R. China
| | - Jing Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas; and College of Plant ProtectionNorthwest A&F UniversityYangling712100P. R. China
| | - Huqiang Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas; and College of Plant ProtectionNorthwest A&F UniversityYangling712100P. R. China
| | - Ming Guo
- The Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu ProvinceJiangsu Normal UniversityNo. 101 Shanghai RdTongshan DistrictXuzhou221116P. R. China
| | - Lili Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas; and College of Plant ProtectionNorthwest A&F UniversityYangling712100P. R. China
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Rodriguez PA, Rothballer M, Chowdhury SP, Nussbaumer T, Gutjahr C, Falter-Braun P. Systems Biology of Plant-Microbiome Interactions. Mol Plant 2019; 12:804-821. [PMID: 31128275 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2019.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 183] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
In natural environments, plants are exposed to diverse microbiota that they interact with in complex ways. While plant-pathogen interactions have been intensely studied to understand defense mechanisms in plants, many microbes and microbial communities can have substantial beneficial effects on their plant host. Such beneficial effects include improved acquisition of nutrients, accelerated growth, resilience against pathogens, and improved resistance against abiotic stress conditions such as heat, drought, and salinity. However, the beneficial effects of bacterial strains or consortia on their host are often cultivar and species specific, posing an obstacle to their general application. Remarkably, many of the signals that trigger plant immune responses are molecularly highly similar and often identical in pathogenic and beneficial microbes. Thus, it is unclear what determines the outcome of a particular microbe-host interaction and which factors enable plants to distinguish beneficials from pathogens. To unravel the complex network of genetic, microbial, and metabolic interactions, including the signaling events mediating microbe-host interactions, comprehensive quantitative systems biology approaches will be needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia A Rodriguez
- Institute of Network Biology (INET), Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Munich, Germany
| | - Michael Rothballer
- Institute of Network Biology (INET), Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Munich, Germany
| | - Soumitra Paul Chowdhury
- Institute of Network Biology (INET), Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas Nussbaumer
- Institute of Network Biology (INET), Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Munich, Germany; Institute of Environmental Medicine (IEM), UNIKA-T, Technical University of Munich, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Caroline Gutjahr
- Plant Genetics, TUM School of Life Science Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Freising, Germany
| | - Pascal Falter-Braun
- Institute of Network Biology (INET), Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Munich, Germany; Microbe-Host Interactions, Faculty of Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU) München, Munich, Germany.
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Xie Y, Shao X, Zhang Y, Liu J, Wang T, Zhang W, Hua C, Deng X. Pseudomonas savastanoi Two-Component System RhpRS Switches between Virulence and Metabolism by Tuning Phosphorylation State and Sensing Nutritional Conditions. mBio 2019; 10:e02838-18. [PMID: 30890603 DOI: 10.1128/mBio.02838-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas savastanoi uses a type III secretion system (T3SS) to invade host plants. Our previous studies have demonstrated that a two-component system (TCS), RhpRS, enables P. savastanoi to coordinate the T3SS gene expression, which depends on the phosphorylation state of RhpR under different environmental conditions. Orthologues of RhpRS are distributed in a wide range of bacterial species, indicating a general regulatory mechanism. How RhpRS uses external signals and the phosphorylation state to exercise its regulatory functions remains unknown. We performed chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing (ChIP-seq) assays to identify the specific binding sites of RhpR and RhpRD70A in either King's B medium (KB [a T3SS-inhibiting medium]) or minimal medium (MM [a T3SS-inducing medium]). We identified 125 KB-dependent binding sites and 188 phosphorylation-dependent binding sites of RhpR. In KB, RhpR directly and positively regulated cytochrome c 550 production (via ccmA) and alcohol dehydrogenase activity (via adhB) but negatively regulated anthranilate synthase activity (via trpG) and protease activity (via hemB). In addition, phosphorylated RhpR (RhpR-P) directly and negatively regulated the T3SS (via hrpR and hopR1), swimming motility (via flhA), c-di-GMP levels (via PSPPH_2590), and biofilm formation (via algD). It positively regulated twitching motility (via fimA) and lipopolysaccharide production (via PSPPH_2653). Our transcriptome sequencing (RNA-seq) analyses identified 474 and 840 new genes that were regulated by RhpR in KB and MM, respectively. We showed nutrient-rich conditions allowed RhpR to directly regulate multiple metabolic pathways of P. savastanoi and phosphorylation enabled RhpR to specifically control virulence and the cell envelope. The action of RhpRS switched between virulence and regulation of multiple metabolic pathways by tuning its phosphorylation and sensing environmental signals in KB, respectively.IMPORTANCE The plant pathogen Pseudomonas savastanoi invades host plants through a type III secretion system, which is strictly regulated by a two-component system called RhpRS. The orthologues of RhpRS are widely distributed in the bacterial kingdom. The master regulator RhpR specifically depends on the phosphorylation state to regulate the majority of the virulence-related genes. Under nutrient-rich conditions, it modulates many important metabolic pathways, which consist of one-fifth of the genome. We propose that RhpRS uses phosphorylation- and nutrition-dependent mechanisms to switch between regulating virulence and metabolism, and this functionality is widely conserved among bacterial species.
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Wang J, Shao X, Zhang Y, Zhu Y, Yang P, Yuan J, Wang T, Yin C, Wang W, Chen S, Liang H, Deng X. HrpS Is a Global Regulator on Type III Secretion System (T3SS) and Non-T3SS Genes in Pseudomonas savastanoi pv. phaseolicola. Mol Plant Microbe Interact 2018; 31:1232-1243. [PMID: 29717915 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-02-18-0035-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The type III secretion system (T3SS) is the main machinery for Pseudomonas savastanoi and other gram-negative bacteria to invade plant cells. HrpR and HrpS form a hetero-hexamer, which activates the expression of HrpL, which induces all T3SS genes by binding to a 'hrp box' in promoters. However, the individual molecular mechanism of HrpR or HrpS has not been fully understood. Through chromatin immunoprecipitation coupled to high-throughput DNA sequencing, we found that HrpR, HrpS, and HrpL had four, 47, and 31 targets on the genome, respectively. HrpS directly bound to the promoter regions of a group of T3SS genes and non-T3SS genes. HrpS independently regulated these genes in a hrpL deletion strain. Additionally, a HrpS-binding motif (GTGCCAAA) was identified, which was verified by electrophoretic mobility shift assay and lux-reporter assay. HrpS also regulated motility and biofilm formation in P. savastanoi. The present study strongly suggests that HrpS alone can work as a global regulator on both T3SS and non-T3SS genes in P. savastanoi. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2018 The Author(s). This is an open-access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license .
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingru Wang
- 1 Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, TEDA Institute of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, 23 Hongda Street, Tianjin, 300457, China
| | - Xiaolong Shao
- 1 Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, TEDA Institute of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, 23 Hongda Street, Tianjin, 300457, China
| | - Yingchao Zhang
- 1 Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, TEDA Institute of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, 23 Hongda Street, Tianjin, 300457, China
| | - Yanan Zhu
- 2 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, U.S.A
| | - Pan Yang
- 1 Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, TEDA Institute of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, 23 Hongda Street, Tianjin, 300457, China
| | - Jian Yuan
- 1 Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, TEDA Institute of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, 23 Hongda Street, Tianjin, 300457, China
| | - Tingting Wang
- 3 Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Rd, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong
| | - Chunyan Yin
- 1 Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, TEDA Institute of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, 23 Hongda Street, Tianjin, 300457, China
| | - Wei Wang
- 1 Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, TEDA Institute of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, 23 Hongda Street, Tianjin, 300457, China
| | - Sheng Chen
- 4 Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong; and
| | - Haihua Liang
- 5 Key Laboratory of Resources Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, ShaanXi 710069, China
| | - Xin Deng
- 3 Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Rd, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong
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12
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Yunus IS, Jones PR. Photosynthesis-dependent biosynthesis of medium chain-length fatty acids and alcohols. Metab Eng 2018; 49:59-68. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2018.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Revised: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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13
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Waite C, Schumacher J, Jovanovic M, Bennett M, Buck M. Negative Autogenous Control of the Master Type III Secretion System Regulator HrpL in Pseudomonas syringae. mBio 2017; 8:e02273-16. [PMID: 28119474 DOI: 10.1128/mBio.02273-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The type III secretion system (T3SS) is a principal virulence determinant of the model bacterial plant pathogen Pseudomonas syringae T3SS effector proteins inhibit plant defense signaling pathways in susceptible hosts and elicit evolved immunity in resistant plants. The extracytoplasmic function sigma factor HrpL coordinates the expression of most T3SS genes. Transcription of hrpL is dependent on sigma-54 and the codependent enhancer binding proteins HrpR and HrpS for hrpL promoter activation. hrpL is oriented adjacently to and divergently from the HrpL-dependent gene hrpJ, sharing an intergenic upstream regulatory region. We show that association of the RNA polymerase (RNAP)-HrpL complex with the hrpJ promoter element imposes negative autogenous control on hrpL transcription in P. syringae pv. tomato DC3000. The hrpL promoter was upregulated in a ΔhrpL mutant and was repressed by plasmid-borne hrpL In a minimal Escherichia coli background, the activity of HrpL was sufficient to achieve repression of reconstituted hrpL transcription. This repression was relieved if both the HrpL DNA-binding function and the hrp-box sequence of the hrpJ promoter were compromised, implying dependence upon the hrpJ promoter. DNA-bound RNAP-HrpL entirely occluded the HrpRS and partially occluded the integration host factor (IHF) recognition elements of the hrpL promoter in vitro, implicating inhibition of DNA binding by these factors as a cause of negative autogenous control. A modest increase in the HrpL concentration caused hypersecretion of the HrpA1 pilus protein but intracellular accumulation of later T3SS substrates. We argue that negative feedback on HrpL activity fine-tunes expression of the T3SS regulon to minimize the elicitation of plant defenses. IMPORTANCE The United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization has warned that agriculture will need to satisfy a 50% to 70% increase in global food demand if the human population reaches 9 billion by 2050 as predicted. However, diseases caused by microbial pathogens represent a major threat to food security, accounting for over 10% of estimated yield losses in staple wheat, rice, and maize crops. Understanding the decision-making strategies employed by pathogens to coordinate virulence and to evade plant defenses is vital for informing crop resistance traits and management strategies. Many plant-pathogenic bacteria utilize the needle-like T3SS to inject virulence factors into host plant cells to suppress defense signaling. Pseudomonas syringae is an economically and environmentally devastating plant pathogen. We propose that the master regulator of its entire T3SS gene set, HrpL, downregulates its own expression to minimize elicitation of plant defenses. Revealing such conserved regulatory strategies will inform future antivirulence strategies targeting plant pathogens.
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14
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Huang YC, Lin YC, Wei CF, Deng WL, Huang HC. The pathogenicity factor HrpF interacts with HrpA and HrpG to modulate type III secretion system (T3SS) function and t3ss expression in Pseudomonas syringae pv. averrhoi. Mol Plant Pathol 2016; 17:1080-94. [PMID: 26638129 PMCID: PMC6638529 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.12349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2015] [Revised: 11/05/2015] [Accepted: 11/29/2015] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
To ensure the optimal infectivity on contact with host cells, pathogenic Pseudomonas syringae has evolved a complex mechanism to control the expression and construction of the functional type III secretion system (T3SS) that serves as a dominant pathogenicity factor. In this study, we showed that the hrpF gene of P. syringae pv. averrhoi, which is located upstream of hrpG, encodes a T3SS-dependent secreted/translocated protein. Mutation of hrpF leads to the loss of bacterial ability on elicitation of disease symptoms in the host and a hypersensitive response in non-host plants, and the secretion or translocation of the tested T3SS substrates into the bacterial milieu or plant cells. Moreover, overexpression of hrpF in the wild-type results in delayed HR and reduced t3ss expression. The results of protein-protein interactions demonstrate that HrpF interacts directly with HrpG and HrpA in vitro and in vivo, and protein stability assays reveal that HrpF assists HrpA stability in the bacterial cytoplasm, which is reduced by a single amino acid substitution at the 67th lysine residue of HrpF with alanine. Taken together, the data presented here suggest that HrpF has two roles in the assembly of a functional T3SS: one by acting as a negative regulator, possibly involved in the HrpSVG regulation circuit via binding to HrpG, and the other by stabilizing HrpA in the bacterial cytoplasm via HrpF-HrpA interaction prior to the secretion and formation of Hrp pilus on the bacterial surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Chiao Huang
- Department of Plant Pathology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 40227, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 40227, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Chuen Lin
- Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 40227, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Fong Wei
- Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 40227, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Ling Deng
- Department of Plant Pathology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 40227, Taiwan
- Agricultural Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 40227, Taiwan
| | - Hsiou-Chen Huang
- Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 40227, Taiwan
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15
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Ferreira RM, Moreira LM, Ferro JA, Soares MR, Laia ML, Varani AM, de Oliveira JC, Ferro MIT. Unravelling potential virulence factor candidates in Xanthomonas citri. subsp. citri by secretome analysis. PeerJ 2016; 4:e1734. [PMID: 26925342 PMCID: PMC4768671 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.1734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2015] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Citrus canker is a major disease affecting citrus production in Brazil. It's mainly caused by Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri strain 306 pathotype A (Xac). We analysed the differential expression of proteins secreted by wild type Xac and an asymptomatic mutant for hrpB4 (ΔhrpB4) grown in Nutrient Broth (NB) and a medium mimicking growth conditions in the plant (XAM1). This allowed the identification of 55 secreted proteins, of which 37 were secreted by both strains when cultured in XAM1. In this secreted protein repertoire, the following stand out: Virk, Polyphosphate-selective porin, Cellulase, Endoglucanase, Histone-like protein, Ribosomal proteins, five hypothetical proteins expressed only in the wild type strain, Lytic murein transglycosylase, Lipoprotein, Leucyl-tRNA synthetase, Co-chaperonin, Toluene tolerance, C-type cytochrome biogenesis membrane protein, Aminopeptidase and two hypothetical proteins expressed only in the ΔhrpB4 mutant. Furthermore, Peptidoglycan-associated outer membrane protein, Regulator of pathogenicity factor, Outer membrane proteins, Endopolygalacturonase, Chorismate mutase, Peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase and seven hypothetical proteins were detected in both strains, suggesting that there was no relationship with the secretion mediated by the type III secretory system, which is not functional in the mutant strain. Also worth mentioning is the Elongation factor Tu (EF-Tu), expressed only the wild type strain, and Type IV pilus assembly protein, Flagellin (FliC) and Flagellar hook-associated protein, identified in the wild-type strain secretome when grown only in NB. Noteworthy, that FliC, EF-Tu are classically characterized as PAMPs (Pathogen-associated molecular patterns), responsible for a PAMP-triggered immunity response. Therefore, our results highlight proteins potentially involved with the virulence. Overall, we conclude that the use of secretome data is a valuable approach that may bring more knowledge of the biology of this important plant pathogen, which ultimately can lead to the establishment of new strategies to combat citrus canker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael M. Ferreira
- Departamento de Tecnologia, Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho”, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Leandro M. Moreira
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas—Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Biológicas-NUPEB, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Jesus A. Ferro
- Departamento de Tecnologia, Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho”, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcia R.R. Soares
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Química, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Marcelo L. Laia
- Departamento de Engenharia Florestal, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Alessandro M. Varani
- Departamento de Tecnologia, Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho”, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Julio C.F. de Oliveira
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Diadema, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria Ines T. Ferro
- Departamento de Tecnologia, Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho”, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
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16
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Lonjon F, Turner M, Henry C, Rengel D, Lohou D, van de Kerkhove Q, Cazalé AC, Peeters N, Genin S, Vailleau F. Comparative Secretome Analysis of Ralstonia solanacearum Type 3 Secretion-Associated Mutants Reveals a Fine Control of Effector Delivery, Essential for Bacterial Pathogenicity. Mol Cell Proteomics 2015; 15:598-613. [PMID: 26637540 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m115.051078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Ralstonia solanacearum, the causal agent of bacterial wilt, exerts its pathogenicity through more than a hundred secreted proteins, many of them depending directly on the functionality of a type 3 secretion system. To date, only few type 3 effectors have been identified as required for bacterial pathogenicity, notably because of redundancy among the large R. solanacearum effector repertoire. In order to identify groups of effectors collectively promoting disease on susceptible hosts, we investigated the role of putative post-translational regulators in the control of type 3 secretion. A shotgun secretome analysis with label-free quantification using tandem mass spectrometry was performed on the R. solanacearum GMI1000 strain. There were 228 proteins identified, among which a large proportion of type 3 effectors, called Rip (Ralstonia injected proteins). Thanks to this proteomic approach, RipBJ was identified as a new effector specifically secreted through type 3 secretion system and translocated into plant cells. A focused Rip secretome analysis using hpa (hypersensitive response and pathogenicity associated) mutants revealed a fine secretion regulation and specific subsets of Rips with different secretion patterns. We showed that a set of Rips (RipF1, RipW, RipX, RipAB, and RipAM) are secreted in an Hpa-independent manner. We hypothesize that these Rips could be preferentially involved in the first stages of type 3 secretion. In addition, the secretion of about thirty other Rips is controlled by HpaB and HpaG. HpaB, a candidate chaperone was shown to positively control secretion of numerous Rips, whereas HpaG was shown to act as a negative regulator of secretion. To evaluate the impact of altered type 3 effectors secretion on plant pathogenesis, the hpa mutants were assayed on several host plants. HpaB was required for bacterial pathogenicity on multiple hosts whereas HpaG was found to be specifically required for full R. solanacearum pathogenicity on the legume plant Medicago truncatula.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabien Lonjon
- From the ‡INRA, Laboratoire des Interactions Plantes-Microorganismes (LIPM), UMR441, Castanet-Tolosan, F-31326, France; §CNRS, Laboratoire des Interactions Plantes-Microorganismes (LIPM), UMR2594, Castanet-Tolosan, F-31326, France
| | - Marie Turner
- From the ‡INRA, Laboratoire des Interactions Plantes-Microorganismes (LIPM), UMR441, Castanet-Tolosan, F-31326, France; §CNRS, Laboratoire des Interactions Plantes-Microorganismes (LIPM), UMR2594, Castanet-Tolosan, F-31326, France
| | - Céline Henry
- ¶PAPPSO, Micalis Institute, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - David Rengel
- From the ‡INRA, Laboratoire des Interactions Plantes-Microorganismes (LIPM), UMR441, Castanet-Tolosan, F-31326, France; §CNRS, Laboratoire des Interactions Plantes-Microorganismes (LIPM), UMR2594, Castanet-Tolosan, F-31326, France
| | - David Lohou
- From the ‡INRA, Laboratoire des Interactions Plantes-Microorganismes (LIPM), UMR441, Castanet-Tolosan, F-31326, France; §CNRS, Laboratoire des Interactions Plantes-Microorganismes (LIPM), UMR2594, Castanet-Tolosan, F-31326, France
| | - Quitterie van de Kerkhove
- From the ‡INRA, Laboratoire des Interactions Plantes-Microorganismes (LIPM), UMR441, Castanet-Tolosan, F-31326, France; §CNRS, Laboratoire des Interactions Plantes-Microorganismes (LIPM), UMR2594, Castanet-Tolosan, F-31326, France
| | - Anne-Claire Cazalé
- From the ‡INRA, Laboratoire des Interactions Plantes-Microorganismes (LIPM), UMR441, Castanet-Tolosan, F-31326, France; §CNRS, Laboratoire des Interactions Plantes-Microorganismes (LIPM), UMR2594, Castanet-Tolosan, F-31326, France
| | - Nemo Peeters
- From the ‡INRA, Laboratoire des Interactions Plantes-Microorganismes (LIPM), UMR441, Castanet-Tolosan, F-31326, France; §CNRS, Laboratoire des Interactions Plantes-Microorganismes (LIPM), UMR2594, Castanet-Tolosan, F-31326, France
| | - Stéphane Genin
- From the ‡INRA, Laboratoire des Interactions Plantes-Microorganismes (LIPM), UMR441, Castanet-Tolosan, F-31326, France; §CNRS, Laboratoire des Interactions Plantes-Microorganismes (LIPM), UMR2594, Castanet-Tolosan, F-31326, France
| | - Fabienne Vailleau
- From the ‡INRA, Laboratoire des Interactions Plantes-Microorganismes (LIPM), UMR441, Castanet-Tolosan, F-31326, France; §CNRS, Laboratoire des Interactions Plantes-Microorganismes (LIPM), UMR2594, Castanet-Tolosan, F-31326, France; ‖Université de Toulouse; INP; ENSAT; 18 chemin de Borde Rouge, Castanet Tolosan, 31326, France
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17
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Álvarez-Mejía C, Rodríguez-Ríos D, Hernández-Guzmán G, López-Ramírez V, Valenzuela-Soto H, Marsch R. Characterization of the hrpZ gene from Pseudomonas syringae pv. maculicola M2. Braz J Microbiol 2015; 46:929-36. [PMID: 26413080 PMCID: PMC4568854 DOI: 10.1590/s1517-838246320140655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2014] [Accepted: 11/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas syringae pv. maculicola is a natural
pathogen of members of the Brassicaceae plant family. Using a transposon-based
mutagenesis strategy in Pseudomonas syringaepv.
maculicola M2 (PsmM2), we conducted a genetic screen to identify
mutants that were capable of growing in M9 medium supplemented with a crude extract
from the leaves of Arabidopsis thaliana. A mutant containing a
transposon insertion in the hrpZ gene (PsmMut8) was unable to infect
adult plants from Arabidopsis thaliana or Brassica
oleracea, suggesting a loss of pathogenicity. The promotorless
cat reporter present in the gene trap was expressed if PsmMut8
was grown in minimal medium (M9) supplemented with the leaf extract but not if grown
in normal rich medium (KB). We conducted phylogenetic analysis using
hrpAZB genes, showing the classical 5-clade distribution, and
nucleotide diversity analysis, showing the putative position for selective pressure
in this operon. Our results indicate that the hrpAZB operon from
Pseudomonas syringaepv. maculicola M2 is
necessary for its pathogenicity and that its diversity would be under host-mediated
diversifying selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- César Álvarez-Mejía
- Instituto Tecnológico Superior de Irapuato Plantel Abasolo, Guanajuato, México
| | - Dalia Rodríguez-Ríos
- Departamento de Ingeniería Genética de Plantas, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Guanajuato, México
| | | | | | - Humberto Valenzuela-Soto
- Departamento de Plásticos en Agricultura, Centro de Investigación en Química Aplicada, Coahuila, México
| | - Rodolfo Marsch
- Departamento de Biotecnología y Bioingeniería, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, D.F. México, México
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18
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Ryu C. Against friend and foe: Type 6 effectors in plant-associated bacteria. J Microbiol 2015; 53:201-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s12275-015-5055-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2015] [Revised: 02/05/2015] [Accepted: 02/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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19
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Fang X, Chen J, Dai L, Ma H, Zhang H, Yang J, Wang F, Yan C. Proteomic dissection of plant responses to various pathogens. Proteomics 2015; 15:1525-43. [DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201400384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2014] [Revised: 11/28/2014] [Accepted: 01/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xianping Fang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Innovation and Utilization and Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Biology and Control of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests; Hunan Agricultural University; Changsha Hunan P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Zhejiang Sustainable Pest and Disease Control; Institute of Virology and Biotechnology; Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Hangzhou P. R. China
- Institute of Biology; Hangzhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Hangzhou P. R. China
| | - Jianping Chen
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Innovation and Utilization and Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Biology and Control of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests; Hunan Agricultural University; Changsha Hunan P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Zhejiang Sustainable Pest and Disease Control; Institute of Virology and Biotechnology; Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Hangzhou P. R. China
| | - Liangying Dai
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Innovation and Utilization and Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Biology and Control of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests; Hunan Agricultural University; Changsha Hunan P. R. China
| | - Huasheng Ma
- Institute of Biology; Hangzhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Hangzhou P. R. China
| | - Hengmu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Zhejiang Sustainable Pest and Disease Control; Institute of Virology and Biotechnology; Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Hangzhou P. R. China
| | - Jian Yang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Zhejiang Sustainable Pest and Disease Control; Institute of Virology and Biotechnology; Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Hangzhou P. R. China
| | - Fang Wang
- Laboratory of Biotechnology; Institute of Biotechnology; Ningbo Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Ningbo P. R. China
| | - Chengqi Yan
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Zhejiang Sustainable Pest and Disease Control; Institute of Virology and Biotechnology; Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Hangzhou P. R. China
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20
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Vander Broek CW, Chalmers KJ, Stevens MP, Stevens JM. Quantitative proteomic analysis of Burkholderia pseudomallei Bsa type III secretion system effectors using hypersecreting mutants. Mol Cell Proteomics 2015; 14:905-16. [PMID: 25635268 PMCID: PMC4390269 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m114.044875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Burkholderia pseudomallei is an intracellular pathogen and the causative agent of melioidosis, a severe disease of humans and animals. One of the virulence factors critical for early stages of infection is the Burkholderia secretion apparatus (Bsa) Type 3 Secretion System (T3SS), a molecular syringe that injects bacterial proteins, called effectors, into eukaryotic cells where they subvert cellular functions to the benefit of the bacteria. Although the Bsa T3SS itself is known to be important for invasion, intracellular replication, and virulence, only a few genuine effector proteins have been identified and the complete repertoire of proteins secreted by the system has not yet been fully characterized. We constructed a mutant lacking bsaP, a homolog of the T3SS “gatekeeper” family of proteins that exert control over the timing and magnitude of effector protein secretion. Mutants lacking BsaP, or the T3SS translocon protein BipD, were observed to hypersecrete the known Bsa effector protein BopE, providing evidence of their role in post-translational control of the Bsa T3SS and representing key reagents for the identification of its secreted substrates. Isobaric Tags for Relative and Absolute Quantification (iTRAQ), a gel-free quantitative proteomics technique, was used to compare the secreted protein profiles of the Bsa T3SS hypersecreting mutants of B. pseudomallei with the isogenic parent strain and a bsaZ mutant incapable of effector protein secretion. Our study provides one of the most comprehensive core secretomes of B. pseudomallei described to date and identified 26 putative Bsa-dependent secreted proteins that may be considered candidate effectors. Two of these proteins, BprD and BapA, were validated as novel effector proteins secreted by the Bsa T3SS of B. pseudomallei.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles W Vander Broek
- From the ‡The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian, EH25 9RG, Scotland, UK
| | - Kevin J Chalmers
- §Dundee Cell Products, James Lindsay Place, Dundee Technopole, Dundee, DD1 5JJ, Scotland, UK
| | - Mark P Stevens
- From the ‡The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian, EH25 9RG, Scotland, UK
| | - Joanne M Stevens
- From the ‡The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian, EH25 9RG, Scotland, UK.;
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21
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Gupta R, Lee SE, Agrawal GK, Rakwal R, Park S, Wang Y, Kim ST. Understanding the plant-pathogen interactions in the context of proteomics-generated apoplastic proteins inventory. Front Plant Sci 2015; 6:352. [PMID: 26082784 PMCID: PMC4451336 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.00352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2014] [Accepted: 05/03/2015] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The extracellular space between cell wall and plasma membrane acts as the first battle field between plants and pathogens. Bacteria, fungi, and oomycetes that colonize the living plant tissues are encased in this narrow region in the initial step of infection. Therefore, the apoplastic region is believed to be an interface which mediates the first crosstalk between host and pathogen. The secreted proteins and other metabolites, derived from both host and pathogen, interact in this apoplastic region and govern the final relationship between them. Hence, investigation of protein secretion and apoplastic interaction could provide a better understanding of plant-microbe interaction. Here, we are briefly discussing the methods available for the isolation and normalization of the apoplastic proteins, as well as the current state of secretome studies focused on the in-planta interaction between the host and the pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Gupta
- Department of Plant Bioscience, Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National UniversityMiryang, South Korea
| | - So Eui Lee
- Department of Plant Bioscience, Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National UniversityMiryang, South Korea
| | - Ganesh K. Agrawal
- Research Laboratory for Biotechnology and BiochemistryKathmandu, Nepal
- Global Research Arch for Developing Education (GRADE), Academy Private LimitedBirgunj, Nepal
| | - Randeep Rakwal
- Research Laboratory for Biotechnology and BiochemistryKathmandu, Nepal
- Global Research Arch for Developing Education (GRADE), Academy Private LimitedBirgunj, Nepal
- Organization for Educational Initiatives, University of TsukubaTsukuba, Japan
- Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, Tsukuba International Academy for Sport Studies, University of TsukubaTsukuba, Japan
| | - Sangryeol Park
- Bio-crop Development Division, National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development AdministrationJeonju, South Korea
| | - Yiming Wang
- Department of Plant Microbe Interactions, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding ResearchCologne, Germany
- *Correspondence: Sun Tae Kim, Department of Plant Bioscience, Pusan National University, Miryang 627-706, South Korea
| | - Sun T. Kim
- Department of Plant Bioscience, Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National UniversityMiryang, South Korea
- Yiming Wang, Department of Plant Microbe Interactions, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-von-Linne weg 10, Cologne 50829, Germany
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