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Rasheed H, Fiaz S, Khan MA, Mehmood S, Ullah F, Saeed S, Khan SU, Yaseen T, Hussain RM, Qayyum A. Characterization of functional genes GS3 and GW2 and their effect on the grain size of various landraces of rice (Oryza sativa). Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:5397-5403. [PMID: 35025032 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-07119-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Grain size is an essential factor of grain quality and yield in rice. The genetic studies have substantially contributed to enhancing yield and maintaining a good quality of rice. The two major genes GS3 (a negative regulator of grain length) and GW2 (a negative regulator of grain width) with functional mutation play a significant role in controlling the grain size of rice. METHODS AND RESULTS: In the study, 17 different widely grown Pakistani landraces of various genetic and geographic backgrounds were evaluated for grain phenotypic traits (1000-grain weight, length, width, and thickness) and also screened for genotypic mutation in GS3 and GW2 genes. Phenotypic data revealed the range for grain weight from 16.86 g (Lateefy) to 26.91 g (PS2), grain length ranged from 7.27 mm (JP-5) to 12.18 mm (PS2), grain width ranged from 2.01 mm (Lateefy) to 3.51 mm (JP5), and grain thickness ranged from 1.79 mm to 2.19. Correlation revealed a negative and significant correlation between grain width and length. There was no significant correlation between grain length and 1000-grain weight and grain width. LSD test displayed that the means of three variables grain length, grain width, and 1000-grain weight were statistically different from one another except grain width and grain breadth. Fifteen accessions carried the domesticated allele of GS3 while JP5 and Fakhr-e-Malakand carried the dominant allele. Similarly, fifteen accessions carried the dominant allele of GW2 while JP-5 and Fakhr-e-Malakand carried the mutant allele. CONCLUSIONS The study shows that the mutant alleles of both genes are of significance to pyramid them in any breeding program. However, just incorporating favorable alleles is not the sole solution for improving the grain size. Therefore, further elucidation of GS3 and GW2 genes regulatory network, their interaction, trade-off, and pathways will better coordinate their marker-assisted selection in the future breeding program. Additionally, the study concluded that the selection of grain size was not dependent on 1000-grain weight in the selected germplasm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haroon Rasheed
- Department of Botany, University of Science and Technology, Bannu, KPK, Pakistan.,Institute of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Sajid Fiaz
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, The University of Haripur, Haripur, 22620, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Abid Khan
- Department of Botany, University of Science and Technology, Bannu, KPK, Pakistan.,Department of Botany, Ghazi University, Dera Ghazi Khan, Pakistan
| | - Sultan Mehmood
- Department of Botany, University of Science and Technology, Bannu, KPK, Pakistan
| | - Faizan Ullah
- Department of Botany, University of Science and Technology, Bannu, KPK, Pakistan
| | - Sumbul Saeed
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Shahid Ullah Khan
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China.
| | - Tabassam Yaseen
- Department of Botany, Bacha khan University, Charsadda, Pakistan
| | - Reem M Hussain
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China.,Faculty of Agriculture, Crop Field Department, Tishreen University, Lattakia, Syria
| | - Abdul Qayyum
- Department of Agronomy, The University of Haripur, Haripur, 22620, Pakistan
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