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Shi J, Zhao M, Zhang F, Feng D, Yang S, Xue Y, Liu Y. Physiological Mechanism through Which Al Toxicity Inhibits Peanut Root Growth. Plants (Basel) 2024; 13:325. [PMID: 38276782 PMCID: PMC10820445 DOI: 10.3390/plants13020325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Al (Aluminum) poisoning is a significant limitation to crop yield in acid soil. However, the physiological process involved in the peanut root response to Al poisoning has not been clarified yet and requires further research. In order to investigate the influence of Al toxicity stress on peanut roots, this study employed various methods, including root phenotype analysis, scanning of the root, measuring the physical response indices of the root, measurement of the hormone level in the root, and quantitative PCR (qPCR). This research aimed to explore the physiological mechanism underlying the reaction of peanut roots to Al toxicity. The findings revealed that Al poisoning inhibits the development of peanut roots, resulting in reduced biomass, length, surface area, and volume. Al also significantly affects antioxidant oxidase activity and proline and malondialdehyde contents in peanut roots. Furthermore, Al toxicity led to increased accumulations of Al and Fe in peanut roots, while the contents of zinc (Zn), cuprum (Cu), manganese (Mn), kalium (K), magnesium (Mg), and calcium (Ca) decreased. The hormone content and related gene expression in peanut roots also exhibited significant changes. High concentrations of Al trigger cellular defense mechanisms, resulting in differentially expressed antioxidase genes and enhanced activity of antioxidases to eliminate excessive ROS (reactive oxygen species). Additionally, the differential expression of hormone-related genes in a high-Al environment affects plant hormones, ultimately leading to various negative effects, for example, decreased biomass of roots and hindered root development. The purpose of this study was to explore the physiological response mechanism of peanut roots subjected to aluminum toxicity stress, and the findings of this research will provide a basis for cultivating Al-resistant peanut varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianning Shi
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Min Zhao
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Didi Feng
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Shaoxia Yang
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Yingbin Xue
- Department of Agronomy, College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
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Chang E, Guo W, Dong Y, Jia Z, Zhao X, Jiang Z, Zhang L, Zhang J, Liu J. Metabolic profiling reveals key metabolites regulating adventitious root formation in ancient Platycladus orientalis cuttings. Front Plant Sci 2023; 14:1192371. [PMID: 37496863 PMCID: PMC10367097 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1192371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Platycladus orientalis, a common horticultural tree species, has an extremely long life span and forms a graceful canopy. Its branches, leaves, and cones have been used in traditional Chinese medicine. However, difficulty in rooting is the main limiting factor for the conservation of germplasm resources. This study shows that the rooting rates and root numbers of cuttings were significantly reduced in ancient P. orientalis donors compared to 5-year-old P. orientalis donors. The contents of differentially accumulated metabolites (DAMs) in phenylpropanoid (caffeic acid and coniferyl alcohol) and flavonoid biosynthesis (cinnamoyl-CoA and isoliquiritigenin) pathways increased significantly in cuttings propagated from ancient P. orientalis donors compared to 5-year-old P. orientalis donors during adventitious root (AR) formation. These DAMs may prevent the ancient P. orientalis cuttings from rooting, and gradual lignification of callus was one of the main reasons for the failed rooting of ancient P. orientalis cuttings. The rooting rates of ancient P. orientalis cuttings were improved by wounding the callus to identify wounding-induced rooting-promoting metabolites. After wounding, the contents of DAMs in zeatin (5'-methylthioadenosine, cis-zeatin-O-glucoside, and adenine) and aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis (l-glutamine, l-histidine, l-isoleucine, l-leucine, and l-arginine) pathways increased, which might promote cell division and provided energy for the rooting process. The findings of our study suggest that breaking down the lignification of callus via wounding can eventually improve the rooting rates of ancient P. orientalis cuttings, which provides a new solution for cuttings of other difficult-to-root horticultural and woody plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ermei Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of State Forestry Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, College of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wei Guo
- Taishan Academy of Forestry Sciences, Taian, Shandong, China
| | - Yao Dong
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Environment and Protection, Research Institute of Forest Ecology, Environment and Protection, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
| | - Zirui Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of State Forestry Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
| | - Xiulian Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of State Forestry Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
| | - Zeping Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Environment and Protection, Research Institute of Forest Ecology, Environment and Protection, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
| | - Li Zhang
- College of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Heze University, Heze, Shandong, China
| | - Jin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, College of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jianfeng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of State Forestry Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
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Chen J, Wan H, Zhu W, Dai X, Yu Y, Zeng C. Identification and Expression Analysis of the Isopentenyl Transferase (IPT) Gene Family under Lack of Nitrogen Stress in Oilseed ( Brassica napus L.). Plants (Basel) 2023; 12:plants12112166. [PMID: 37299144 DOI: 10.3390/plants12112166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BnIPT gene family members in Brassica napus and analyzing their expression under different exogenous hormones and abiotic stress treatments to provide a theoretical basis for clarifying their functions and molecular genetic mechanisms in nitrogen deficiency stress tolerance of B. napus. Using the Arabidopsis IPT protein as the seed sequence, combined with the IPT protein domain PF01715, 26 members of the BnIPT gene family were identified from the whole genome of the rape variety ZS11. Additionally, the physicochemical properties and structures, phylogenetic relationships, synteny relationships, protein-protein interaction network, and gene ontology enrichment were analyzed. Based on transcriptome data, the expression patterns of the BnIPT gene under different exogenous hormone and abiotic stress treatments were analyzed. We used the qPCR method to identify the relative expression level of BnIPT genes that may be related to the stress resistance of rapeseed in transcriptome analysis under normal nitrogen (N: 6 mmol·L-1) and nitrogen deficiency (N: 0) conditions and analyzed its effect on rapeseed under nitrogen deficiency stress role in tolerance. In response to nitrogen deficiency signals, the BnIPT gene showed a trend of up-regulation in shoots and down-regulation in roots, indicating that it may affect the process of nitrogen transport and redistribution to enhance the stress resistance of rapeseed to respond to the nitrogen deficiency stress. This study provides a theoretical basis for clarifying the function and molecular genetic mechanism of the BnIPT gene family in nitrogen deficiency stress tolerance in rape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingdong Chen
- College of Life Science, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China
| | - Heping Wan
- College of Life Science, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China
| | - Wenhui Zhu
- College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Xigang Dai
- College of Life Science, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China
| | - Yi Yu
- College of Life Science, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China
| | - Changli Zeng
- College of Life Science, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China
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Shang P, Shen B, Zeng B, Bi L, Qu M, Zheng Y, Ye Y, Li W, Zhou X, Yang X, Jiang Y, Zeng B. Integrated Transcriptomic and Metabolomics Analysis of the Root Responses of Orchardgrass to Submergence Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24. [PMID: 36768412 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Submergence stress can severely affect plant growth. Orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) is an important forage grass, and the molecular mechanisms of orchardgrass to submergence stress are not well understood. The roots of the flood-tolerant cultivar "Dian Bei" were harvested at 0 h, 8 h and 24 h of submergence stress. The combined transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses showed that β-alanine metabolism, flavonoid biosynthesis, and biosynthesis of amino acid pathways were significantly enriched at 8 h and 24 h of submergence stress and were more pronounced at 24 h. Most of the flavonoid biosynthesis-related genes were down-regulated for the synthesis of metabolites such as naringenin, apigenin, naringin, neohesperidin, naringenin chalcone, and liquiritigenin in response to submergence stress. Metabolites such as phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan were up-regulated under stress. The predominant response of flavonoid and amino acids biosynthesis to submergence stress suggests an important role of these pathways in the submergence tolerance of orchardgrass.
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