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De Mori G, Cipriani G. Marker-Assisted Selection in Breeding for Fruit Trait Improvement: A Review. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24108984. [PMID: 37240329 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24108984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Breeding fruit species is time-consuming and expensive. With few exceptions, trees are likely the worst species to work with in terms of genetics and breeding. Most are characterized by large trees, long juvenile periods, and intensive agricultural practice, and environmental variability plays an important role in the heritability evaluations of every single important trait. Although vegetative propagation allows for the production of a significant number of clonal replicates for the evaluation of environmental effects and genotype × environment interactions, the spaces required for plant cultivation and the intensity of work necessary for phenotypic surveys slow down the work of researchers. Fruit breeders are very often interested in fruit traits: size, weight, sugar and acid content, ripening time, fruit storability, and post-harvest practices, among other traits relevant to each individual species. The translation of trait loci and whole-genome sequences into diagnostic genetic markers that are effective and affordable for use by breeders, who must choose genetically superior parents and subsequently choose genetically superior individuals among their progeny, is one of the most difficult tasks still facing tree fruit geneticists. The availability of updated sequencing techniques and powerful software tools offered the opportunity to mine tens of fruit genomes to find out sequence variants potentially useful as molecular markers. This review is devoted to analysing what has been the role of molecular markers in assisting breeders in selection processes, with an emphasis on the fruit traits of the most important fruit crops for which examples of trustworthy molecular markers have been developed, such as the MDo.chr9.4 marker for red skin colour in apples, the CCD4-based marker CPRFC1, and LG3_13.146 marker for flesh colour in peaches, papayas, and cherries, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria De Mori
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, Via delle Scienze 206, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Guido Cipriani
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, Via delle Scienze 206, 33100 Udine, Italy
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Herniter IA, Kim Y, Wang Y, Havill JS, Johnson-Cicalese J, Muehlbauer GJ, Iorizzo M, Vorsa N. Trait Mapping of Phenolic Acids in an Interspecific ( Vaccinium corymbosum var. caesariense × V. darrowii) Diploid Blueberry Population. Plants (Basel) 2023; 12:1346. [PMID: 36987033 PMCID: PMC10057043 DOI: 10.3390/plants12061346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Blueberries (Vaccinium sect. Cyanococcus) are a dietary source of phenolic acids, including chlorogenic acid (CGA) and related compounds such as acetylated caffeoylquinic acid (ACQA) and caffeoylarbutin (CA). These compounds are known to be potent antioxidants with potential health benefits. While the chemistry of these compounds has been extensively studied, the genetic analysis has lagged behind. Understanding the genetic basis for traits with potential health implications may be of great use in plant breeding. By characterizing genetic variation related to fruit chemistry, breeders can make more efficient use of plant diversity to develop new cultivars with higher concentrations of these potentially beneficial compounds. Using a large interspecific F1 population, developed from a cross between the temperate V. corymbosum var. ceasariense and the subtropical V. darrowii, with 1025 individuals genotyped using genotype-by-sequencing methods, of which 289 were phenotyped for phenolic acid content, with data collected across 2019 and 2020, we have identified loci associated with phenolic acid content. Loci for the compounds clustered on the proximal arm of Vc02, suggesting that a single gene or several closely associated genes are responsible for the biosynthesis of all four tested compounds. Within this region are multiple gene models similar to hydroxycinnamoyl CoA shikimate/quinate hydroxycinnamoyltransferase (HCT) and UDP glucose:cinnamate glucosyl transferase (UGCT), genes known to be involved in the CGA biosynthesis pathway. Additional loci on Vc07 and Vc12 were associated with caffeoylarbutin content, suggesting a more complicated biosynthesis of that compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ira A. Herniter
- Department of Plant Biology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Yurah Kim
- Department of Plant Biology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Yifei Wang
- Department of Plant Biology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Joshua S. Havill
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Genetics, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Jennifer Johnson-Cicalese
- Department of Plant Biology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
- Phillip E. Marucci Center for Blueberry and Cranberry Research and Extension, 125a Lake Oswego Road, Chatsworth, NJ 08019, USA
| | - Gary J. Muehlbauer
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Genetics, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Massimo Iorizzo
- Department of Horticultural Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
- Plants for Human Health Institute, North Carolina State University, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA
| | - Nicholi Vorsa
- Department of Plant Biology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
- Phillip E. Marucci Center for Blueberry and Cranberry Research and Extension, 125a Lake Oswego Road, Chatsworth, NJ 08019, USA
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