1
|
Ueda LSC, Milistetd M, Praça GM, da Maia GSG, da Silva JF, Borges PH. Impact of the number of players on the emergence of creative movements in small-sided soccer games: a systematic review emphasizing deliberate practice. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1253654. [PMID: 37908820 PMCID: PMC10613975 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1253654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Creativity is a recognized quality in various areas, including sports. Within the training processes, various modifications to objectives, game configurations, rules, among other factors, can be considered to favor creative solutions to the tactical problems inherent to soccer. This systematic review aimed to identify the impact of the number of players on the emergence of creative movements in small-sided soccer games, emphasizing deliberate practice. Methods A systematic review of Scopus, PubMed, Scielo, PsycInfo, SportDiscus and Lilacs databases was performed according to PRISMA guidelines. Eligibility criteria were defined based on the elements of population, context and concept. Only full articles published in scientific journals written in English were included. No period restriction was applied. Results Five papers were included and the results of studies indicate greater number of actions, variability, and creativity in small-sided games compared to formal soccer matches. When comparing different small-sided game formats, 5 v 5 showed higher values in terms of total number of actions compared to 7 v 7, and the absolute number of original and creative actions tended to decrease as the game format increased. Imbalanced small-sided games format can promote increased exploratory behavior. Structural manipulation in goal positioning in 5 v 5 games may also influence the originality of tactical behaviors, while the use of different ball types in 4 v 4 games appears to decrease fluency values. In 6 v 6 games, fluency and versatility are negatively impacted. Conclusion Reduced game formats with fewer players and in smaller field dimensions provide more suggestive environment for exploratory behavior, variability and original and creative actions. The protocol was registered on the Open Science Framework (OSF) on 2 December 2022 (DOI: 10.17605/OSF.IO/VN6YZ). Systematic review registration [https://osf.io/jmf4k/].
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Shoiti Carvalho Ueda
- Department of Physical Education, Center of Sports, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Michel Milistetd
- Department of Physical Education, Center of Sports, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Gibson Moreira Praça
- Department of Sports, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | | | - Juliano Fernandes da Silva
- Department of Physical Education, Center of Sports, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Paulo Henrique Borges
- Department of Physical Education, Center of Sports, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Gonzalez-Artetxe A, Folgado H, Pino-Ortega J, Rico-González M, Arcos AL. Effects of free play or artificial rules on young soccer players' individual tactical behaviour: a one-by-one analysis. Biol Sport 2023; 40:1069-1078. [PMID: 37867749 PMCID: PMC10588582 DOI: 10.5114/biolsport.2023.124845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
This study assessed the effects of playing freely and introducing artificial rules on individual tactical behaviour during the team-possession game phase in two youth soccer categories. Thirty-two developmental players from U-14 and U-16 teams participated in the study, which consisted of four identical training sessions and two test sessions performed before and after the intervention. Each team was divided into two balanced groups, free-play and conditioned, that faced each other during three eight-a-side games (Gk + 7 vs 7 + Gk) in all training sessions. The free-play groups played freely, while the conditioned ones did so constrained by artificial rules. Individual tactical behaviour was assessed during a non-constrained eight-a-side match by the distance to centroid, spatial exploration index, their entropy measures, and the regularity of each player's displacement on the length and width of the pitch using a local positioning system. In addition to the average outcomes of all the players all together, the one-by-one analysis considered the mean values of each player to appraise individual responses. While the average outcomes of all the players in both groups and categories barely changed (Cohen's d ≤ small), with a very high inter-player variability, the one-by-one analysis revealed that the training intervention affected each player's tactical behaviour differently. Introducing artificial rules decreased and raised considerably (Cohen's d ≥ moderate) in-width and exploratory regularities of most U-14 and U-16 players, respectively. Therefore, assessing the training effects of game-based interventions from the individual to the whole team may provide unique and meaningful insight regarding the tactical competence of each player.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Asier Gonzalez-Artetxe
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Education and Sport, University of the Basque Country, UPV/EHU, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Basque Country, Spain
| | - Hugo Folgado
- Departamento de Desporto e Saúde, Escola de Saúde e Desenvolvimento Humano, Universidade de Évora, Évora, Portugal
- Comprehensive Health Research Centre (CRHC), Universidade de Évora, Évora, Portugal
| | - José Pino-Ortega
- BioVetMed&SportSci Research Group, Faculty of Sports Sciences, University of Murcia, San Javier, Murcia, Spain
| | - Markel Rico-González
- BioVetMed&SportSci Research Group, Faculty of Sports Sciences, University of Murcia, San Javier, Murcia, Spain
- Department of Musical, Visual Arts and Physical Education Didactics, Faculty of Education of Bilbao, University of the Basque Country, UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Basque Country, Spain
| | - Asier Los Arcos
- Society, Sports and Physical Exercise Research Group (GIKAFIT), Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Education and Sport, University of the Basque Country, UPV/EHU, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Basque Country, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Coito N, Folgado H, Monteiro D, Travassos B. How Football Players' Age Affect Passing Patterns of Play According to Field Location. Children (Basel) 2023; 10. [PMID: 36670707 DOI: 10.3390/children10010157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to characterize the passing patterns that support collective tactical behaviour in football players of different ages (U15, U17, and U19) in different field zones. Two hundred and twenty-eight male players, divided into U15, U17, and U19, participated in the study. Cluster analysis was used to group the passes into three sizes (short, medium, and long). The chi-square test was used to analyse the effect of player age on game-passing patterns in each field zone. The results revealed that long and medium passes were used more in areas close to the goals and short passes in the middle area of the field, concerning all ages (p < 0.001). Furthermore, the analysis of the relative distance between the ball carrier and the receiver indicated that older players (U17 and U19) used more distant players to pass the ball in medium and long passes. These results can help coaches design small-sided games according to the players’ ages and adjust to the field’s space and the numerical relationship, thus creating a greater transfer from training to competition.
Collapse
|
4
|
Coito N, Davids K, Folgado H, Bento T, Travassos B. Capturing and Quantifying Tactical Behaviors in Small-Sided and Conditioned Games in Soccer: A Systematic Review. Res Q Exerc Sport 2022; 93:189-203. [PMID: 33030987 DOI: 10.1080/02701367.2020.1823307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Purpose: To systematically describe and analyze the tracking systems, the variables, and the statistical methods used to evaluate the players and teams' tactical behavior in small-sided and conditioned games (SSCGs). Methods: A search was done in Web of Science, PubMed, Science Direct, and Scielo databases to identify manuscripts published between 2008 and 2019 that manipulated small-sided and conditioned games (SSCGs) and analyzed tactical behaviors of players and teams. Results: From 349 articles identified, 31 were selected for review. To collect positional data, the global positioning system (GPS), the local position measurement (LPM) system, and TACTO were identified as reliable tracking systems. Twenty-one positional variables were identified to evaluate tactical behaviors, grouped into five main categories: team balance, playing space, width and length of playing space, and interpersonal distance. Tactical behavior patterns were analyzed using approximate entropy, sample entropy, Shannon entropy, and patterns of coordination between players and teams were analyzed using relative phase and running correlation. Discussion: The tracking systems analyzed were reliable but revealed different advantages and disadvantages of their use. Authors should define the use of each tracking system based on their purpose and level of precision required for analysis. A great duplication was observed on the variables used with similar purposes of tactical analysis. The identification of the variables according to their purpose of analysis will allow a better understanding of their use in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nuno Coito
- Universidade da Beira Interior
- Sport Sciences School of Rio Maior, Polytechnic Institute of Santarém (ESDRM-IPS)
- Life Quality Research Centre
| | | | - Hugo Folgado
- Universidade de Évora
- Comprehensive Health Research Center
| | - Teresa Bento
- Sport Sciences School of Rio Maior, Polytechnic Institute of Santarém (ESDRM-IPS)
- Research Centre in Sports, Health and Human Development
| | - Bruno Travassos
- Universidade da Beira Interior
- Research Centre in Sports, Health and Human Development
- Portuguese Football Federation
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Poureghbali S, Arede J, Rehfeld K, Schöllhorn W, Leite N. Want to Impact Physical, Technical, and Tactical Performance during Basketball Small-Sided Games in Youth Athletes? Try Differential Learning Beforehand. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2020; 17:ijerph17249279. [PMID: 33322471 PMCID: PMC7763681 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17249279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to analyze the acute effect of small-sided games, based on differential learning, on the physical, technical, and positioning performance of young basketball players. Eight basketball players under 13 (U13) participated in this study. A total of eight sessions involving half-court small-sided games (4 sets × 3 min + 1 min of passive recovery) under randomly different numerical relations were performed. Before each trial, players were verbally instructed to perform the drill in one of the conditions, in random order. Pre- and post-tests were performed in the 4v4 half-court format, in each session. External load and positional data were collected via a WIMU PRO local positioning system. Individual heart rate monitoring was used to assess the internal load. Game videos also collected notational data. The results revealed that, after the intervention, the players significantly decreased the total distance covered, the peak acceleration, average speed, training impulse, and the spatial exploration index; conversely, the results confirmed an increase in the number of dribbles. Small-sided games under randomly different numerical relations imposed acute effects in distinct variables during 4v4 half-court games. However, further studies are warranted, including longer interventions and parallel-group designs, to confirm if the training-induced effects of this method are significantly better compared to other approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sogand Poureghbali
- Institute of Sport Science, Otto-von-Guericke-Universität Magdeburg, 39104 Magdeburg, Germany; (S.P.); (K.R.)
| | - Jorge Arede
- Research Centre in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development, CIDESD, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal;
| | - Kathrin Rehfeld
- Institute of Sport Science, Otto-von-Guericke-Universität Magdeburg, 39104 Magdeburg, Germany; (S.P.); (K.R.)
| | - Wolfgang Schöllhorn
- Institute of Sport Science, Training and Movement Science, University of Mainz, 55122 Mainz, Germany;
| | - Nuno Leite
- Research Centre in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development, CIDESD, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +351-966-430-853
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Correia da Silva D, Lopes MC, González-Víllora S, Sarmento H, Teoldo I. Tactical behaviour differences of high and low-performing youth soccer players in small-sided and conditioned games. INT J PERF ANAL SPOR 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/24748668.2020.1843214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Davi Correia da Silva
- Center of Research and Studies in Soccer, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil
| | | | | | - Hugo Sarmento
- Research Unit for Sport and Physical Activity, Faculty of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Israel Teoldo
- Center of Research and Studies in Soccer, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Browne PR, Woods CT, Sweeting AJ, Robertson S. Applications of a working framework for the measurement of representative learning design in Australian football. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0242336. [PMID: 33253204 PMCID: PMC7703947 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0242336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Representative learning design proposes that a training task should represent informational constraints present within a competitive environment. To assess the level of representativeness of a training task, the frequency and interaction of constraints should be measured. This study compared constraint interactions and their frequencies in training (match simulations and small sided games) with competition environments in elite Australian football. The extent to which constraints influenced kick and handball effectiveness between competition matches, match simulations and small sided games was determined. The constraints of pressure and time in possession were assessed, alongside disposal effectiveness, through an association rule algorithm. These rules were then expanded to determine whether a disposal was influenced by the preceding disposal. Disposal type differed between training and competition environments, with match simulations yielding greater representativeness compared to small sided games. The subsequent disposal was generally more effective in small sided games compared to the match simulations and competition matches. These findings offer insight into the measurement of representative learning designs through the non-linear modelling of constraint interactions. The analytical techniques utilised may assist other practitioners with the design and monitoring of training tasks intended to facilitate skill transfer from preparation to competition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter R. Browne
- Institute for Health and Sport (iHeS), Victoria University, Footscray, Victoria, Australia
- Western Bulldogs, Footscray, Victoria
| | - Carl T. Woods
- Institute for Health and Sport (iHeS), Victoria University, Footscray, Victoria, Australia
| | - Alice J. Sweeting
- Institute for Health and Sport (iHeS), Victoria University, Footscray, Victoria, Australia
- Western Bulldogs, Footscray, Victoria
| | - Sam Robertson
- Institute for Health and Sport (iHeS), Victoria University, Footscray, Victoria, Australia
- Western Bulldogs, Footscray, Victoria
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Canton A, Torrents C, Ric A, Guerrero I, Hileno R, Hristovski R. Exploratory Behavior and the Temporal Structure of Soccer Small-Sided Games to Evaluate Creativity in Children. Creativity Research Journal 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/10400419.2020.1836878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Canton
- National Institute of Physical Education of Catalonia (INEFC), University of Lleida (UDL)
| | - C. Torrents
- National Institute of Physical Education of Catalonia (INEFC), University of Lleida (UDL)
| | - A. Ric
- National Institute of Physical Education of Catalonia (INEFC), University of Lleida (UDL)
| | | | - R. Hileno
- National Institute of Physical Education of Catalonia (INEFC), University of Lleida (UDL)
| | - R. Hristovski
- Sport and Health, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Modric T, Versic S, Sekulic D, Liposek S. Analysis of the Association between Running Performance and Game Performance Indicators in Professional Soccer Players. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2019; 16:ijerph16204032. [PMID: 31640271 PMCID: PMC6843975 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16204032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Revised: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Running performance (RP) and game performance indicators (GPI) are important determinants of success in soccer (football), but there is an evident lack of knowledge about the possible associations between RP and GPI. This study aimed to identify associations between RP and GPI in professional soccer players and to compare RP and GPI among soccer playing positions. One hundred one match performances were observed over the course of half of a season at the highest level of national competition in Croatia. Players (mean ± SD, age: 23.85 ± 2.88 years; body height: 183.05 ± 8.88 cm; body mass: 78.69 ± 7.17 kg) were classified into five playing positions (central defenders (n = 26), full-backs (n = 24), central midfielders (n = 33), wide midfielders (n = 10), and forwards (n = 8). RP, as measured by global positioning system, included the total distance covered, distance covered in five speed categories (walking, jogging, running, high-speed running, and maximal sprinting), total number of accelerations, number of high-intensity accelerations, total number of decelerations, and number of high-intensity decelerations. The GPI were collected by the position-specific performance statistics index (InStat index). The average total distance was 10,298.4 ± 928.7 m, with central defenders having the shortest and central midfielders having the greatest covered distances. The running (r = 0.419, p = 0.03) and high-intensity accelerations (r = 0.493, p = 0.01) were correlated with the InStat index for central defenders. The number of decelerations of full-backs (r = −0.43, p = 0.04) and the distance covered during sprinting of forwards (r = 0.80, p = 0.02) were associated with their GPI obtained by InStat index. The specific correlations between RP and GPI should be considered during the conditioning process in soccer. The soccer training should follow the specific requirements of the playing positions established herein, which will allow players to meet the game demands and to perform successfully.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Toni Modric
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia.
- HNK Hajduk Split, 21000 Split, Croatia.
| | - Sime Versic
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia.
- HNK Hajduk Split, 21000 Split, Croatia.
| | - Damir Sekulic
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia.
| | | |
Collapse
|