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Ahmed J, AlSaleh A, Almarabheh AJ, Ismail LC, Almuqahwi AAM, AlOmer HWA, AlAlhareth IM, Albader SJM, Alhajeri SS, Al Dhaheri AS. Lifestyle and Dietary Patterns during the COVID-19 Lockdown in Bahrain: A Web-Based Cross-Sectional Study. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15112543. [PMID: 37299508 DOI: 10.3390/nu15112543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Lifestyle factors such as dietary habits, perceived weight, sleep, and physical activity worsened during the COVID-19 pandemic. Through this study, we aimed to understand the impact of COVID-19 on these lifestyle factors in Bahrain. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 1005 adult Bahrainis. Data were collected online using a structured and validated questionnaire for the assessment of eating habits, physical activity, and lifestyle during the COVID-19 pandemic. Participants were snowballed through those who agreed to answer the online questionnaire. There was a higher consumption of fast food, and a higher dependence on takeaways during the COVID-19 pandemic. About 63.5% of the participants consumed >4 meals per day, compared to 36.5% before the COVID-19. About 30% reported consumption of sugar sweetened beverages from two to three times a day. Weight loss was predominantly observed in persons exercising 1-3 times a week. The consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages was also high, with about 19% reporting drinking sweet beverages once every day, 10.6% from two to three times a day, and 40.4% from one to four times a week. A higher proportion of the participants reported poor sleep quality during the pandemic (31.2%) compared to before (12.2%), and 39.7% of the participants reported feeling lazy. Screen time use also doubled during the pandemic, with participants spending more than five hours per day on screens for entertainment, which went from 22.4% before to 51.9% during the pandemic. The lifestyle and dietary habits changed drastically for our study participants during the pandemic. The increased reliance on processed fast food instead of healthier options is a challenge to be tackled in any future pandemic situation. Future research needs to focus on strategies to promote healthier lifestyle modifications during situations such as the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamil Ahmed
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Arabian Gulf University, Manama P.O. Box 26671, Bahrain
| | - Aseel AlSaleh
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Arabian Gulf University, Manama P.O. Box 26671, Bahrain
| | - Amer J Almarabheh
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Arabian Gulf University, Manama P.O. Box 26671, Bahrain
| | - Leila Cheikh Ismail
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
- Research Institute of Medical and Health Sciences (RIMHS), University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
- Nuffield Department of Women's & Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 2JD, UK
| | - Aysha A M Almuqahwi
- Department of Nutrition and Health, College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Arabian Gulf University, Manama P.O. Box 26671, Bahrain
| | - Hussa W A AlOmer
- Department of Nutrition and Health, College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Arabian Gulf University, Manama P.O. Box 26671, Bahrain
| | - Ibrahim M AlAlhareth
- Department of Nutrition and Health, College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Arabian Gulf University, Manama P.O. Box 26671, Bahrain
| | - Sabiha J M Albader
- Department of Nutrition and Health, College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Arabian Gulf University, Manama P.O. Box 26671, Bahrain
| | - Saad S Alhajeri
- Department of Nutrition and Health, College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Arabian Gulf University, Manama P.O. Box 26671, Bahrain
| | - Ayesha S Al Dhaheri
- Department of Nutrition and Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain 15551, United Arab Emirates
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Redwood‐Brown A, Wilson J, Felton P. Impact on habitual crossfit participant's exercise behavior, health, and well-being: A cross-sectional survey of UK COVID-19 lockdowns. Health Sci Rep 2023; 6:e1140. [PMID: 36865529 PMCID: PMC9972867 DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.1140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims The period between March 2020 and March 2021 saw an unprecedented change to everyday life due to the COVID-19 pandemic. This included the closure of businesses in the health and fitness sector. Such closures impacted people in several ways; increasing stress, reducing mental well-being, and decreasing motivation to exercise. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of UK lockdowns on the behavior, motives, and general health & well-being of CrossFit™ gym members in the United Kingdom. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted on 757 CrossFit™ participants (height 1.71 ± 0.10 m; weight 76.4 ± 16.1 kg; body mass index [BMI]: 26.1 ± 4.7 kg/m²) using an online survey, which included questions pertaining to COVID-19, lockdown behaviors, motivation, health, and well-being. Participants also reported on their training background and exercise habits during lockdown restrictions. Results Differences were observed in levels of exercise (p = 0.004), motivation to train at home (p < 0.001), and the feeling of being more stressed during the second lockdown compared with the first lockdown (p = 0.008). It was also highlighted that motivation to exercise was lower and stress levels significantly higher, in the 18-24 and 25-34 age groups compared with older ages groups. Conclusion This study found that exercise behavior, motivation, and stress levels were significantly impacted by the second government-imposed lockdown. It is argued that these factors need to be addressed in planning for future National lockdowns to maintain the health and well-being of UK residents, especially in younger adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athalie Redwood‐Brown
- School of Science and Technology: Sport and Exercise Sciences Erasmus Darwin 244Nottingham Trent UniversityNottinghamUK
| | - Jennifer Wilson
- College of Science and Engineering: Sport and Exercise ScienceUniversity of DerbyDerbyUK
| | - Paul Felton
- School of Science and Technology: Sport and Exercise Sciences Erasmus Darwin 244Nottingham Trent UniversityNottinghamUK
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Alhusseini N, Alammari D, Ramadan M, Ziadeh N, Zyadeh Z, Alshamrani J, Qasim H, Alamri N, Alqahtani SA. The impact of COVID-19 pandemic on lifestyle among the Saudi population. J Public Health Res 2022; 11:22799036221123156. [PMID: 36105779 PMCID: PMC9465571 DOI: 10.1177/22799036221123156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background During COVID-19, major change occurred in the governmental regulations to combat the pandemic. Lifestyle factors are changeable habits and routine behaviors with an impact on physical and mental health. With the pandemic, sudden and radical changes occurred in the lifestyle of people worldwide. The main purpose of the study is to assess the impact of COVID-19 on lifestyle factors including (dietary habits, physical activity, sleeping patterns, smoking, and alcohol use) among the Saudi population. Design and methods This is a cross-sectional study on a convenient sample of adults residing in Saudi Arabia. An online survey was distributed via social media channels. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the distribution of demographic variables using Chi-square χ2 tests for categorical variables and t-test for continuous variables. Bowker test, and McNemar's Test were performed to evaluate the effects of lockdown on lifestyle factors. Results A total of 1051 participants were included in the study. There was a slight decrease in the overall diet score during the pandemic (14.98%) compared to before the pandemic (15.05%) (p-value = 0.02), indicating poorer dietary intake during the lockdown. Approximately one-fourth of the participants (26.1%) reported following specific eating habits or a restricted diet during the pandemic (p-value = 0.0001). There was increased consumption of most components of dietary intake categories, during the lockdown. An increase in physical activities for three or more times was reported. A higher proportion of respondents reported sleeping nine or more hours a day during the lockdown (10.8%). Similarly, a higher percentage of individuals reported smoking daily during the lockdown (12.2%). As of overall health status, higher percentage of respondents reported poor health status during lockdown (6.1%). Conclusion This study revealed major changes in lifestyle factors, negative shifts were revealed in dietary habits and smoking patterns. Positive changes were shown in physical activity, drinking water, and sleeping patterns. Our findings suggest that COVID-19 played a major role in changing lifestyle factors among adults in Saudi Arabia. Healthcare providers and public health officials are encouraged to increase awareness of healthy lifestyle factors that strengthen the immune system to combat COVID-19. The Saudi population needs increased awareness programs about healthy lifestyles to be prepared during pandemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noara Alhusseini
- Biostatistics and Epidemiology Department, College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Duaa Alammari
- College of Public Health and Health Informatics, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Majed Ramadan
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nada Ziadeh
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zineh Zyadeh
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jude Alshamrani
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hiba Qasim
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Noura Alamri
- Department of Pediatric Oncology/Hematology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saleh A Alqahtani
- Liver Transplant Center, and Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Scientific Computing Department, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Sánchez-Sánchez E, Díaz-Jimenez J, Rosety I, Alférez MJM, Díaz AJ, Rosety MA, Ordonez FJ, Rosety-Rodriguez M. Perceived Stress and Increased Food Consumption during the 'Third Wave' of the COVID-19 Pandemic in Spain. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13072380. [PMID: 34371889 PMCID: PMC8308749 DOI: 10.3390/nu13072380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted the mental health of people worldwide. An increase in perceived stress can lead to unhealthy behaviors such as increased food consumption. The aim of this study was to find the level of perceived stress and its relationship with increased food consumption during the “third wave” of the COVID-19 pandemic in Spain. This was a cross-sectional study that employed anonline self-reported frequency of consumption questionnaire and the Perceived Stress Scale-10. A total of 637 subjects participated and 83.6% of respondents had moderate or high stress—more prevalent in the female and young respondents. Moreover, 36.1% of respondents reported that they had increased the frequency of consumption of some foods, mainly nuts, snacks, and jellybeans, along with coffee, tea, cocoa, and soft drinks. Eating between meals was more pronounced in those with high stress (65.1%) than in those with moderate stress (40.4%) and low stress (20.2%). Furthermore, the respondents with high stress reported greater weight gain. Thus, the results show that the level of perceived stress during the ‘third wave’ of this pandemic increased food consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Sánchez-Sánchez
- Internal Medicine Department, Punta de Europa Hospital, Algeciras, 11207 Cádiz, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica de Cádiz (INiBICA), Hospital Universitario Puerta del Mar, Universidad de Cádiz, 11009 Cádiz, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-671-569-320
| | - Jara Díaz-Jimenez
- Campus Cádiz, Doctoral School of the University of Cádiz (EDUCA), Edificio Hospital Real (PrimeraPlanta), Plaza Falla 8, 11003 Cádiz, Spain;
| | - Ignacio Rosety
- Human Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of Cádiz, Plaza Fragela, s/n, 11003 Cadiz, Spain; (I.R.); (F.J.O.)
| | - Maria José M. Alférez
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Campus Universitario de Cartuja, University of Granada, 18011 Granada, Spain;
| | - Antonio Jesús Díaz
- Medicine Department, School of Nursing, University of Cadiz, Plaza Fragela, s/n, 11003 Cadiz, Spain;
| | - Miguel Angel Rosety
- Move-It Research Group, Biomedical Research and Innovation Institute of Cadiz, Puerta del Mar University Hospital, University of Cádiz, Plaza Fragela, s/n, 11003 Cadiz, Spain;
| | - Francisco Javier Ordonez
- Human Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of Cádiz, Plaza Fragela, s/n, 11003 Cadiz, Spain; (I.R.); (F.J.O.)
| | - Manuel Rosety-Rodriguez
- Medicine Department, School of Medicine, University of Cádiz, Plaza Fragela, s/n, 11003 Cadiz, Spain;
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Oved S, Mofaz M, Lan A, Einat H, Kronfeld-Schor N, Yamin D, Shmueli E. Differential effects of COVID-19 lockdowns on well-being: interaction between age, gender and chronotype. J R Soc Interface 2021; 18:20210078. [PMID: 34062107 PMCID: PMC8169206 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2021.0078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The unprecedented restrictions imposed due to the COVID-19 pandemic altered our daily habits and severely affected our well-being and physiology. The effect of these changes is yet to be fully understood. Here, we analysed highly detailed data on 169 participants for two to six months, before and during the second COVID-19 lockdown in Israel. We extracted 12 well-being indicators from sensory data of smartwatches and from self-reported questionnaires, filled daily using a designated mobile application. We found that, in general, lockdowns resulted in significant changes in mood, sleep duration, sport duration, social encounters, resting heart rate and number of steps. Examining subpopulations, we found that younger participants (aged 20-40 years) suffered from a greater decline in mood and number of steps than older participants (aged 60-80 years). Likewise, women suffered from a higher increase in stress and reduction in social encounters than men. Younger early chronotypes did not increase their sleep duration and exhibited the highest drop in mood. Our findings underscore that while lockdowns severely impacted our well-being and physiology in general, greater damage has been identified in certain subpopulations. Accordingly, special attention should be given to younger people, who are usually not in the focus of social support, and to women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shay Oved
- Department of Industrial Engineering, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Merav Mofaz
- Department of Industrial Engineering, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Anat Lan
- School of Behavioral Sciences, The Academic College of Tel Aviv-Yafo, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Haim Einat
- School of Behavioral Sciences, The Academic College of Tel Aviv-Yafo, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Noga Kronfeld-Schor
- School of Zoology and Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Dan Yamin
- Department of Industrial Engineering, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
- Center for Combating Pandemics, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Erez Shmueli
- Department of Industrial Engineering, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
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Albertella L, Rotaru K, Christensen E, Lowe A, Brierley ME, Richardson K, Chamberlain SR, Lee RSC, Kayayan E, Grant JE, Schluter-Hughes S, Ince C, Fontenelle LF, Segrave R, Yücel M. The Influence of Trait Compulsivity and Impulsivity on Addictive and Compulsive Behaviors During COVID-19. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:634583. [PMID: 33708147 PMCID: PMC7940765 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.634583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in high levels of psychological distress worldwide, with experts expressing concern that this could result in corresponding increases in addictive behaviors as individuals seek to cope with their distress. Further, some individuals may be at greater risk than others for developing problematic addictive behaviors during times of high stress, such as individuals with high trait impulsivity and compulsivity. Despite the potential of such knowledge to inform early detection of risk, no study to date has examined the influence of trait impulsivity and compulsivity on addictive behaviors during COVID-19. Toward this aim, the current study examined the association between impulsive and compulsive traits and problematic addictive and compulsive behaviors during the first COVID-19 lockdown in Australia. Methods: Eight hundred seventy-eight adults completed a cross-sectional online survey during the first lockdown, between late May to June 2020. Participants completed scales for addictive and compulsive behaviors for the period prior to and during lockdown for problematic eating, pornography, internet use, gambling, drinking, and obsessive-compulsive behaviors. Negative binomial regressions examined the associations between impulsivity, compulsivity, and their interaction with problematic behaviors during lockdown, controlling for age, gender, sample, psychological distress, exposure to COVID-related stressors, and pre-COVID problems. Results: Greater trait compulsivity was associated with more problematic obsessive-compulsive behaviors (p < 0.001) and less problematic drinking (p = 0.038) during lockdown. Further, trait compulsivity interacted with trait impulsivity in relation to problematic eating behaviors (p = 0.014) such that greater trait compulsivity was associated with more problems among individuals with low impulsivity only (p = 0.030). Finally, psychological distress and/or exposure to COVID-related stressors were associated with greater problems across all addictive and compulsive behaviors, as was severity of pre-COVID problems. Discussion: Trait compulsivity was associated with addictive and compulsive behaviors in different ways. Further, the finding that stress-related variables (psychological distress and COVID-related stressors) were associated with greater problems across all lockdown behaviors supports the idea that stress may facilitate, or otherwise be associated with, problematic behaviors. These findings highlight the need for interventions that enhance resilience to stress, which in turn may reduce risk for addictive and compulsive disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy Albertella
- BrainPark, Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Kristian Rotaru
- BrainPark, Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- Monash Business School, Monash University, Caulfield, VIC, Australia
| | - Erynn Christensen
- BrainPark, Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Amelia Lowe
- BrainPark, Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Mary-Ellen Brierley
- BrainPark, Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Karyn Richardson
- BrainPark, Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Rico S. C. Lee
- BrainPark, Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Edouard Kayayan
- BrainPark, Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Jon E. Grant
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Sam Schluter-Hughes
- BrainPark, Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Campbell Ince
- BrainPark, Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Leonardo F. Fontenelle
- BrainPark, Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- Obsessive, Compulsive, and Anxiety Spectrum Research Program, Institute of Psychiatry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), D'Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- D'Or Institute for Research and Education, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Rebecca Segrave
- BrainPark, Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Murat Yücel
- BrainPark, Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
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