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Ramprasad A, Casubhoy I, Bachar A, Meister M, Bethman B, Sutkin G. Language in the Teaching Operating Room: Expressing Confidence Versus Community. J Surg Educ 2024; 81:556-563. [PMID: 38383237 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsurg.2023.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Previous work has analyzed residency letters of recommendation for agentic and communal language, but this has not been applied to spoken language. Our objective was to analyze intraoperative spoken language by attending and resident surgeons for the use of agentic and communal language. DESIGN We completed a linguistic inquiry and word count (LIWC) analysis on 16 operating room transcripts (total time 615 minutes) between attendings and resident surgeons for categories associated with agentic and communal speech. Wilcoxon signed rank and Mann-Whitney U tests were used to compare attending versus resident and male versus female speech patterns for word count; "I," clout, and power (agentic categories); and "we," authentic, social (communal categories). SETTING Midwestern academic university teaching hospital. PARTICIPANTS Sixteen male (9 attendings, 7 residents) and 16 female (7 attendings, 9 residents) surgeons, from 6 surgical specialties, most commonly from General Surgery. RESULTS Attending surgeons used more words per minute than residents (40.01 vs 16.92, p < 0.01), were less likely to use "I" (3.18 vs 5.53, p < 0.01), and spoke more language of "clout" (75.82 vs 55.47, p < 0.01). There were no significant differences between attendings and residents in use of analytic speech (23.72 vs 24.67, p = 0.32), "causation" (1.20 vs 1.08, p = 0.72), or "cognitive processing" (10.20 vs 10.54, p = 0.74). Residents used more speech with "emotional tone" (92.91 vs 79.92, p = 0.03), "positive emotion" (4.98 vs 3.86, p = 0.04), more "assent" language (4.89 vs 3.09, p < 0.01), and more "informal" language (9.27 vs 6.77, p < 0.01). There were no gender differences, except for male residents speaking with greater certainty than female residents, although by less than 1% of the total word count. CONCLUSIONS In the operating room, attending surgeons were more likely to use agentic language compared to resident surgeons based on LIWC analysis. These differences did not depend on gender and likely relate to surgeon experience and confidence, learning versus teaching, and power dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aarya Ramprasad
- Urogynecology and Reconstructive Pelvic Surgery, University of Missouri Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, Missouri
| | - Imaima Casubhoy
- Urogynecology and Reconstructive Pelvic Surgery, University of Missouri Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, Missouri
| | - Austin Bachar
- Urogynecology and Reconstructive Pelvic Surgery, University of Missouri Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, Missouri
| | - Melanie Meister
- Urogynecology and Reconstructive Pelvic Surgery, University of Kansas, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Brenda Bethman
- Department of Race, Ethnic and Gender Studies, School of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Missouri Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri
| | - Gary Sutkin
- Urogynecology and Reconstructive Pelvic Surgery, University of Missouri Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, Missouri.
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Trifu RN, Nemeș B, Herta DC, Bodea-Hategan C, Talaș DA, Coman H. Linguistic markers for major depressive disorder: a cross-sectional study using an automated procedure. Front Psychol 2024; 15:1355734. [PMID: 38510303 PMCID: PMC10953917 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1355734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction The identification of language markers, referring to both form and content, for common mental health disorders such as major depressive disorder (MDD), can facilitate the development of innovative tools for early recognition and prevention. However, studies in this direction are only at the beginning and are difficult to implement due to linguistic variability and the influence of cultural contexts. Aim This study aims to identify language markers specific to MDD through an automated analysis process based on RO-2015 LIWC (Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count). Materials and methods A sample of 62 medicated patients with MDD and a sample of 43 controls were assessed. Each participant provided language samples that described something that was pleasant for them. Assessment tools (1) Screening tests for MDD (MADRS and DASS-21); (2) Ro-LIWC2015 - Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count - a computerized text analysis software, validated for Romanian Language, that analyzes morphology, syntax and semantics of word use. Results Depressive patients use different approaches in sentence structure, and communicate in short sentences. This requires multiple use of the punctuation mark period, which implicitly requires directive communication, limited in exchange of ideas. Also, participants from the sample with depression mostly use impersonal pronouns, first person pronoun in plural form - not singular, a limited number of prepositions and an increased number of conjunctions, auxiliary verbs, negations, verbs in the past tense, and much less in the present tense, increased use of words expressing negative affects, anxiety, with limited use of words indicating positive affects. The favorite topics of interest of patients with depression are leisure, time and money. Conclusion Depressive patients use a significantly different language pattern than people without mood or behavioral disorders, both in form and content. These differences are sometimes associated with years of education and sex, and might also be explained by cultural differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raluca Nicoleta Trifu
- Department of Neurosciences, Discipline of Medical Psychology and Psychiatry, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Bogdan Nemeș
- Department of Neurosciences, Discipline of Medical Psychology and Psychiatry, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Dana Cristina Herta
- Department of Neurosciences, Discipline of Medical Psychology and Psychiatry, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Carolina Bodea-Hategan
- Special Education Department, Faculty of Psychology and Education Sciences, Babeș-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Dorina Anca Talaș
- Special Education Department, Faculty of Psychology and Education Sciences, Babeș-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Horia Coman
- Department of Neurosciences, Discipline of Medical Psychology and Psychiatry, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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Linders GM, Louwerse MM. Lingualyzer: A computational linguistic tool for multilingual and multidimensional text analysis. Behav Res Methods 2023:10.3758/s13428-023-02284-1. [PMID: 38030922 DOI: 10.3758/s13428-023-02284-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Most natural language models and tools are restricted to one language, typically English. For researchers in the behavioral sciences investigating languages other than English, and for those researchers who would like to make cross-linguistic comparisons, hardly any computational linguistic tools exist, particularly none for those researchers who lack deep computational linguistic knowledge or programming skills. Yet, for interdisciplinary researchers in a variety of fields, ranging from psycholinguistics, social psychology, cognitive psychology, education, to literary studies, there certainly is a need for such a cross-linguistic tool. In the current paper, we present Lingualyzer ( https://lingualyzer.com ), an easily accessible tool that analyzes text at three different text levels (sentence, paragraph, document), which includes 351 multidimensional linguistic measures that are available in 41 different languages. This paper gives an overview of Lingualyzer, categorizes its hundreds of measures, demonstrates how it distinguishes itself from other text quantification tools, explains how it can be used, and provides validations. Lingualyzer is freely accessible for scientific purposes using an intuitive and easy-to-use interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guido M Linders
- Department of Cognitive Science & Artificial Intelligence, Tilburg University, Tilburg, Netherlands.
- Department of Comparative Language Science, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Max M Louwerse
- Department of Cognitive Science & Artificial Intelligence, Tilburg University, Tilburg, Netherlands
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Kučera D, Haviger J, Havigerová JM. Personality and Word Use: Study on Czech Language and the Big Five. J Psycholinguist Res 2022; 51:1165-1196. [PMID: 35579837 DOI: 10.1007/s10936-022-09892-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The study is a follow-up to three published anglophone researches examining the relation between the use of linguistic categories and personality characteristics as outlined in the Big Five model, with the purpose of replicating these and elaborating for the Czech language. The comparative research study in Czech focuses on analysis of both grammatical and semantic variables in six types of text (written and oral), produced by N = 200 participants. Within the study, there were six confirmed relations, however, these appear only in certain types of text. The results show not only an essential role of the text register, but they also allow us to evaluate the universality of findings of studies in English in comparison with other, especially Slavic, languages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalibor Kučera
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Education, University of South Bohemia, Dukelská 245/9, 37001, České Budějovice, Czech Republic.
| | - Jiří Haviger
- Department of Informatics and Quantitative Methods, Faculty of Informatics and Management, University of Hradec Králové, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Jana M Havigerová
- Institute of Psychology, Faculty of Arts, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
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Bond GD, Speller LF, Jiménez JC, Smith D, Marin PG, Greenham MB, Holman RD, Varela E. Fading Affect Bias in Mexico: Differential Fading of Emotional Intensity in Death Memories and Everyday Negative Memories. Applied Cognitive Psychology. [DOI: 10.1002/acp.3987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Abstract
The long-term uncertainty and persistence of isolation caused by the COVID-19 pandemic created prolonged emotional distress individually and collectively. As the pandemic progressed, the dynamic ride of emotional experience was expressed live and shared online, particularly on social media. In this study, we collected posted messages on Twitter for a longitudinal investigation to determine how emotional experiences changed over time during the pandemic. In total, we analyzed 41,868,013 COVID-19-related tweets in English posted from January 21 to July 31, 2020. Using a stage model, the results demonstrated that there were three stages during the pandemic characterized by distinct emotional changes. The first stage features high anxiety and negative emotions compared with the other stages, possibly due to the lack of information about the disease. The second stage shows the dynamic ride of all emotions and an increase in negative emotions (particularly anger) as the COVID-19 pandemic proceeds. In the third stage, most emotions are stabilized, except for depression, despite the protracted pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doha Kim
- Department of Human-Artificial Intelligence Interaction, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Chaewon Park
- Department of Applied Artificial Intelligence, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Eunji Kim
- Department of Applied Artificial Intelligence, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jinyoung Han
- Department of Human-Artificial Intelligence Interaction, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Applied Artificial Intelligence, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hayeon Song
- Department of Human-Artificial Intelligence Interaction, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Applied Artificial Intelligence, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Interaction Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, South Korea
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Nasrullah S, Jalali A. Detection of Types of Mental Illness through the Social Network Using Ensembled Deep Learning Model. Comput Intell Neurosci 2022; 2022:9404242. [PMID: 35378814 PMCID: PMC8976617 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9404242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
In today's era, social networking platforms are widely used to share emotions. These types of emotions are often analyzed to predict the user's behavior. In this paper, these types of sentiments are classified to predict the mental illness of the user using the ensembled deep learning model. The Reddit social networking platform is used for the analysis, and the ensembling deep learning model is implemented through convolutional neural network and the recurrent neural network. In this work, multiclass classification is performed for predicting mental illness such as anxiety vs. nonanxiety, bipolar vs. nonbipolar, dementia vs. nondementia, and psychotic vs. nonpsychotic. The performance parameters used for evaluating the models are accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 score. The proposed ensemble model used for performing the multiclass classification has performed better than the other models, with an accuracy greater than 92% in predicting the class.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Nasrullah
- Department of Information Systems, College of Computer Engineering & Sciences, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Asadullah Jalali
- American University of Afghanistan, STM (Science Technology Mathematics), Kabul, Afghanistan
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Abstract
The paper discusses the role of language and culture in the context of quantitative text analysis in psychological research. It reviews current automatic text analysis methods and approaches from the perspective of the unique challenges that can arise when going beyond the default English language. Special attention is paid to closed-vocabulary approaches and related methods (and Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count in particular), both from the perspective of cross-cultural research where the analytic process inherently consists of comparing phenomena across cultures and languages and the perspective of generalizability beyond the language and the cultural focus of the original investigation. We highlight the need for a more universal and flexible theoretical and methodological grounding of current research, which includes the linguistic, cultural, and situational specifics of communication, and we provide suggestions for procedures that can be implemented in future studies and facilitate psychological text analysis across languages and cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalibor Kučera
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Education, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, České Budějovice, Czechia
| | - Matthias R. Mehl
- Department of Psychology, College of Science, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
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