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Canive M, Badia-Bringué G, Alonso-Hearn M. The Upregulation of Cathepsin G Is Associated with Resistance to Bovine Paratuberculosis. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:3038. [PMID: 36359162 PMCID: PMC9655680 DOI: 10.3390/ani12213038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
An in silico genomic-transcriptomic combined approach allowed the identification of a polymorphism (cis-eQTL-rs41976219) in the Bos taurus genome associated with the CTSG mRNA expression in bovine blood samples, which suggests that individual genetic variation might modulate the CTSG transcriptional response. In the current study, a sandwich ELISA is used to measure the CTSG protein levels in supernatants of monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs) isolated from cows with the AA (n = 5) and AC (n = 11) genotypes for the rs41976219 and infected ex vivo with MAP. Cows with the AC genotype have significantly higher CTSG protein levels (1.85 ng/mL) in the supernatants of enriched CD14+-MDMs after 2 h of infection when compared with infected CD14+-MDMs from cows with the AA genotype (1.68 ng/mL). Statistically significant differences in the intracellular MAP load at 7 d p.i. are observed between animals with the AA (2.16 log CFUs) and AC (1.44 log CFUs) genotypes. Finally, the association between the rs41976219 allelic variants and resistance to PTB is tested in a larger cattle population (n = 943) classified according to the presence (n = 442) or absence (n = 501) of PTB-associated lesions. The presence of the two minor alleles in the rs41976219 (CC) is more frequent among healthy cows than in cows with PTB-associated lesions in gut tissues (2.2% vs. 1.4%, OR = 0.61). In agreement with this, the CTSG levels in plasma samples of cows without lesions in gut tissues and with the CC (n = 8) genotype are significantly higher than in the plasmas of cows with the AA + AC (n = 36) genotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Canive
- NEIKER-Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 20850 Derio, Spain
| | - Gerard Badia-Bringué
- NEIKER-Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 20850 Derio, Spain
- Doctoral Program in Molecular Biology and Biomedicine, Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU), 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - Marta Alonso-Hearn
- NEIKER-Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 20850 Derio, Spain
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Alonso-Hearn M, Badia-Bringué G, Canive M. Genome-wide association studies for the identification of cattle susceptible and resilient to paratuberculosis. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:935133. [PMID: 36172612 PMCID: PMC9510743 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.935133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) causes Johne's disease or paratuberculosis (PTB), with important animal health and economic implications. There are no therapeutic strategies to control this disease, and vaccination with inactivated vaccines is limited in many countries because it can interfere with the intradermal test used for bovine tuberculosis detection. Thus, infected animals either get culled after a positive ELISA or fecal PCR result or die due to clinical disease. In this study, we review recent studies aimed to discover genetic markers which could help to identify and select cattle less susceptible and more resilient to PTB. In recent years, the genotyping and subsequent imputation to whole-genome sequence (WGS) has allowed the identification of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), quantitative trait loci (QTL), and candidate genes in the Bos taurus genome associated with susceptibility to MAP infection. In most of these genome-wide association studies (GWAS), phenotypes were based on ante-mortem test results including serum ELISA, milk ELISA, and detection of MAP by fecal PCR and bacteriological culture. Cattle infected with MAP display lesions with distinct severity but the associations between host genetics and PTB-associated pathology had not been explored until very recently. On the contrary, the understanding of the mechanisms and genetic loci influencing pathogen resistance, and disease tolerance in asymptomatic individuals is currently very limited. The identification of long-time asymptomatic cattle that is able to resist the infection and/or tolerate the disease without having their health and milk production compromised is important for disease control and breeding purposes.
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Taylor EN, Beckmann M, Hewinson G, Rooke D, Mur LAJ, Koets AP. Metabolomic changes in polyunsaturated fatty acids and eicosanoids as diagnostic biomarkers in Mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis (MAP)-inoculated Holstein-Friesian heifers. Vet Res 2022; 53:68. [PMID: 36056402 PMCID: PMC9440510 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-022-01087-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) is the causative organism of Johne's disease, a chronic granulomatous enteritis of ruminants. We have previously used naturally MAP-infected heifer calves to document metabolomic changes occurring in MAP infections. Herein, we used experimentally MAP-inoculated heifer calves to identify biomarkers for MAP infections. At 2-weeks of age, 20 Holstein-Friesian (HF) calves were experimentally inoculated with MAP. These calves, along with 20 control calves, were sampled biweekly up to 13-months of age and then monthly up to 19-months of age. Sera were assessed using flow infusion electrospray high-resolution mass spectrometry (FIE-HRMS) on a Q Exactive hybrid quadrupole-Orbitrap mass spectrometer for high throughput, sensitive, non-targeted metabolite fingerprinting. Partial least squares-discriminate analysis (PLS-DA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) discriminated between MAP-inoculated and control heifer calves. Out of 34 identified metabolites, six fatty acyls were able to differentiate between experimental groups throughout the study, including 8, 11, 14-eicosatrienoic acid and cis-8, 11, 14, 17-eicosatetraenoic acid which were also detected in our previous study and so further suggested their value as biomarkers for MAP infection. Pathway analysis highlighted the role of the alpha-linoleic acid and linoleic acid metabolism. Within these pathways, two broad types of response, with a rapid increase in some saturated fatty acids and some n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and later n-6 PUFAs, became predominant. This could indicate an initial anti-inflammatory colonisation phase, followed by an inflammatory phase. This study demonstrates the validity of the metabolomic approach in studying MAP infections. Nevertheless, further work is required to define further key events, particularly at a cell-specific level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma N Taylor
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences (IBERS), Aberystwyth University, Ceredigion, SY23 3DA, UK
| | - Manfred Beckmann
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences (IBERS), Aberystwyth University, Ceredigion, SY23 3DA, UK
| | - Glyn Hewinson
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences (IBERS), Aberystwyth University, Ceredigion, SY23 3DA, UK.,Centre of Excellence for Bovine Tuberculosis, Aberystwyth University, Ceredigion, SY23 3DA, UK
| | - David Rooke
- ProTEM Services Ltd, Horsham, RH12 4BD, West Sussex, UK
| | - Luis A J Mur
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences (IBERS), Aberystwyth University, Ceredigion, SY23 3DA, UK.
| | - Ad P Koets
- Wageningen Bioveterinary Research, 8221 RA, Lelystad, The Netherlands. .,Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Population Health Systems, Utrecht University, 3584 CS, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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Eusebi PG, Cortés Ó, Contreras E, Cañón J, Dunner S, Sevane N. A novel missense variant in endothelin-2 (EDN2) causes a growth and respiratory lethal syndrome in bovine. Anim Genet 2022; 53:583-591. [PMID: 35912509 PMCID: PMC9544818 DOI: 10.1111/age.13246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The high level of fragmentation of the Spanish Lidia cattle breed, divided into lineages called ‘castas’ and into herds within lineages based on reproductive isolation, increases the risk of homozygosity and the outbreak of recessive genetic defects. Since 2004, an increasing number of calves have been identified in a Lidia herd with signs of severe growth retardation, respiratory alterations and juvenile lethality, which constitutes a novel inherited syndrome in cattle and was subsequently termed growth and respiratory lethal syndrome. We performed a genome‐wide association study on a cohort of 13 affected calves and 24 putative non‐carrier parents, mapping the disease to a wide 6 cM region on bovine chromosome 3 (p < 10−7). Whole genome re‐sequencing of three affected calves and three putative non‐carrier parents identified a novel missense variant (c.149G>A|p.Cys50Tyr) in exon 2 of the endothelin 2 (EDN2) gene. Bioinformatic analyses of p.Cys50Tyr effects predicted them to be damaging for both the structure and the function of the edn2 protein, and to create a new site of splicing that may also affect the pattern of pre‐mRNA splicing and exon definition. Sanger sequencing of this variant on the rest of the sample set confirmed the segregation pattern obtained with whole genome re‐sequencing. The identification of the causative variant and the development of a diagnostic genetic test enable the efficient design of matings to keep the effective population size as high as possible, as well as providing insights into the first EDN2‐associated hereditary disease in cattle or other species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina G Eusebi
- Departmento de Producción Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - Óscar Cortés
- Departmento de Producción Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - Elisabeth Contreras
- Departmento de Producción Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Cañón
- Departmento de Producción Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - Susana Dunner
- Departmento de Producción Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - Natalia Sevane
- Departmento de Producción Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
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Trujano-Chavez MZ, Sánchez-Ramos R, Pérez-Rodríguez P, Ruíz-Flores A. Genetic Diversity and Population Structure for Resistance and Susceptibility to Mastitis in Braunvieh Cattle. Vet Sci 2021; 8:vetsci8120329. [PMID: 34941856 PMCID: PMC8707377 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci8120329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mastitis is a disease that causes significant economic losses, since resistance to mastitis is a difficult trait to be improved due to its multifactorial occurrence. Therefore, our objective was to characterize a Mexican Braunvieh cattle population for genetic resistance and susceptibility to mastitis. We used 66 SNP markers for 45 candidate genes in 150 animals. The average heterozygosity was 0.445 ± 0.076, a value higher than those reported for some European breeds. The inbreeding coefficient was slightly negative for resistance to subclinical (−0.058 ± 0.055) and clinical (−0.034 ± 0.076) mastitis, possibly due to low selection for the immunological candidate genes that influence these traits. The genotypic profiles for the candidate loci per K-means group were obtained, as well as the group distribution through the graphics of the principal component analysis. The genotypic profiles showed high genetic diversity among groups. Resistance to clinical mastitis had the lowest presence of the heterozygous genotypes. Although the percentage of highly inbred animals (>50%) is up to 13.3%, there are highly heterozygous groups in terms of the studied traits, a favorable indicator of the presence of genetic diversity. The results of this study constitute evidence of the genetic potential of the Mexican Braunvieh population to improve mastitis-related traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitzilin Zuleica Trujano-Chavez
- Posgrado en Producción Animal, Universidad Autónoma Chapingo, Carretera Federal México-Texcoco Km 38.5, Texcoco 56227, Estado de México, Mexico;
| | - Reyna Sánchez-Ramos
- Recursos Genéticos y Productividad, Colegio de Postgraduados, Carretera Federal México-Texcoco Km 36.5, Texcoco 56230, Estado de México, Mexico;
| | - Paulino Pérez-Rodríguez
- Socio Economía Estadística e Informática-Estadística, Colegio de Postgraduados, Carretera Federal México-Texcoco Km 36.5, Texcoco 56230, Estado de México, Mexico;
| | - Agustín Ruíz-Flores
- Posgrado en Producción Animal, Universidad Autónoma Chapingo, Carretera Federal México-Texcoco Km 38.5, Texcoco 56227, Estado de México, Mexico;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +52-595-952-1621
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