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Silva FG, Silva SR, Pereira AMF, Cerqueira JL, Conceição C. A Comprehensive Review of Bovine Colostrum Components and Selected Aspects Regarding Their Impact on Neonatal Calf Physiology. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:1130. [PMID: 38612369 PMCID: PMC11010951 DOI: 10.3390/ani14071130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Colostrum contains macro- and micronutrients necessary to meet the nutritional and energy requirements of the neonatal calf, bioactive components that intervene in several physiological aspects, and cells and microorganisms that modulate the calf's immune system and gut microbiome. Colostrum is sometimes mistaken as transition milk, which, although more nutritive than whole milk, has a distinct biochemical composition. Furthermore, most research about colostrum quality and colostrum management focuses on the transfer of maternal IgG to the newborn calf. The remaining components of colostrum and transition milk have not received the same attention, despite their importance to the newborn animal. In this narrative review, a large body of literature on the components of bovine colostrum was reviewed. The variability of these components was summarized, emphasizing specific components that warrant deeper exploration. In addition, the effects of each component present in colostrum and transition milk on several key physiological aspects of the newborn calf are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flávio G. Silva
- Veterinary and Animal Research Centre (CECAV), Associate Laboratory of Animal and Veterinary Science (AL4AnimalS), University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal (J.L.C.)
- MED—Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development & CHANGE—Global Change and Sustainability Institute, Department of Zootechnics, School of Science and Technology, University of Évora, Pólo da Mitra Apartado 94, 7006-554 Évora, Portugal; (A.M.F.P.); (C.C.)
- Center for Research and Development in Agrifood Systems and Sustainability, Polytechnic Institute of Viana do Castelo, Agrarian School of Ponte de Lima, Rua D. Mendo Afonso, 147 Refóios do Lima, 4990-706 Ponte de Lima, Portugal
| | - Severiano R. Silva
- Veterinary and Animal Research Centre (CECAV), Associate Laboratory of Animal and Veterinary Science (AL4AnimalS), University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal (J.L.C.)
| | - Alfredo M. F. Pereira
- MED—Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development & CHANGE—Global Change and Sustainability Institute, Department of Zootechnics, School of Science and Technology, University of Évora, Pólo da Mitra Apartado 94, 7006-554 Évora, Portugal; (A.M.F.P.); (C.C.)
| | - Joaquim Lima Cerqueira
- Veterinary and Animal Research Centre (CECAV), Associate Laboratory of Animal and Veterinary Science (AL4AnimalS), University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal (J.L.C.)
- Center for Research and Development in Agrifood Systems and Sustainability, Polytechnic Institute of Viana do Castelo, Agrarian School of Ponte de Lima, Rua D. Mendo Afonso, 147 Refóios do Lima, 4990-706 Ponte de Lima, Portugal
| | - Cristina Conceição
- MED—Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development & CHANGE—Global Change and Sustainability Institute, Department of Zootechnics, School of Science and Technology, University of Évora, Pólo da Mitra Apartado 94, 7006-554 Évora, Portugal; (A.M.F.P.); (C.C.)
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Yasir M, Al-Zahrani IA, Khan R, Soliman SA, Turkistani SA, Alawi M, Azhar EI. Microbiological risk assessment and resistome analysis from shotgun metagenomics of bovine colostrum microbiome. Saudi J Biol Sci 2024; 31:103957. [PMID: 38404539 PMCID: PMC10891335 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2024.103957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Colostrum is known for its nutraceutical qualities, probiotic attributes, and health benefits. The aim of this study was to profile colostrum microbiome from bovine in rural sites of a developing country. The focus was on microbiological safety assessments and antimicrobial resistance, taking into account the risks linked with the consumption of raw colostrum. Shotgun sequencing was employed to analyze microbiome in raw buffalo and cow colostrum. Alpha and beta diversity analyses revealed increased inter and intra-variability within colostrum samples' microbiome from both livestock species. The colostrum microbiome was mainly comprised of bacteria, with over 90% abundance, whereas fungi and viruses were found in minor abundance. Known probiotic species, such as Leuconostoc mesenteroides, Lactococcus lactis, Streptococcus thermophilus, and Lactobacillus paracasei, were found in the colostrum samples. A relatively higher number of pathogenic and opportunistic pathogenic bacteria were identified in colostrum from both animals, including clinically significant bacteria like Clostridium botulinum, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, and Listeria monocytogenes. Binning retrieved 11 high-quality metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs), with three MAGs potentially representing novel species from the genera Psychrobacter and Pantoea. Notably, 175 antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) and variants were detected, with 55 of them common to both buffalo and cow colostrum metagenomes. These ARGs confer resistance against aminoglycoside, fluoroquinolone, tetracycline, sulfonamide, and peptide antibiotics. In conclusion, this study describes a thorough overview of microbial communities in buffalo and cow colostrum samples. It emphasizes the importance of hygienic processing and pasteurization in minimizing the potential transmission of harmful microorganisms linked to the consumption of colostrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Yasir
- Special Infectious Agents Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ibrahim A. Al-Zahrani
- Special Infectious Agents Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Raees Khan
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Medical Sciences, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | | | - Safaa A. Turkistani
- Medical Laboratory Sciences, Fakeeh College for Medical Sciences, Jeddah 21134, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maha Alawi
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Infection Control & Environmental Health Unit, King Abdulaziz University Hospital, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Esam I. Azhar
- Special Infectious Agents Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
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Jiang X, Niu M, Qin K, Hu Y, Li Y, Che C, Wang C, Mu C, Wang H. The shared microbiome in mud crab ( Scylla paramamosain) of Sanmen Bay, China: core gut microbiome. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1243334. [PMID: 37727291 PMCID: PMC10505715 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1243334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The mud crab, Scylla paramamosain, holds great commercial significance as a marine crustacean widely cultivated in the Indo-Pacific region. Understanding the core gut microbiota of aquatic animals is crucial for their overall health and growth, yet the core gut microbiota of mud crab remains poorly characterized. Methods In this study, we gathered gut samples from mud crabs across five locations within Sanmen Bay, China. Through the utilization of high-throughput sequencing, we delved into the composition of the gut microbial community and identified the core gut microbiome of mud crab. Results Our results demonstrate that the gut microbial diversity of mud crab did not exhibit significant variation among the five sampling sites, although there were some differences in community richness. At the phylum level, we identified 35 representative phyla, with Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Bacteroidota, and Campilobacterota as the dominant phyla. Among the 815 representative genera, we discovered 19 core genera, which accounted for 65.45% of the total sequences. These core genera were distributed across 6 phyla, and among them, Photobacterium exhibited the highest average relative abundance. Discussion Photobacterium has probiotic activity and may play a crucial role in enhancing the immune response of the host and maintaining the diversity of the gut microbiota. Moreover, we observed a positive correlation between the relative abundance of core genera and the stability of the gut microbial community. Furthermore, our findings revealed distinct differences in gut microbial composition and specific taxa between the sexes of mud crab. These differences subsequently influenced the functionality of the gut microbial community. Overall, our investigation sheds light on the core gut microbiota of mud crab, emphasizing the importance of core gut microbial communities in maintaining the health and growth of these commercially significant marine crustaceans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaosong Jiang
- School of Marine Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Mingming Niu
- School of Marine Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Kangxiang Qin
- School of Marine Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yun Hu
- School of Marine Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuntao Li
- School of Marine Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chenxi Che
- School of Marine Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chunlin Wang
- School of Marine Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Aquacultral Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Changkao Mu
- School of Marine Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Aquacultral Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Huan Wang
- School of Marine Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Aquacultral Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
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Messman RD, Lemley CO. Bovine neonatal microbiome origins: a review of proposed microbial community presence from conception to colostrum. Transl Anim Sci 2023; 7:txad057. [PMID: 37334245 PMCID: PMC10276551 DOI: 10.1093/tas/txad057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, there has been an influx of research evaluating the roles of the reproductive tract microbiota in modulating reproductive performance. These efforts have resulted in a breadth of research exploring the bovine reproductive tract microbiota. The female reproductive tract microbiota has been characterized during the estrus cycle, at timed artificial insemination, during gestation, and postpartum. Additionally, there are recently published studies investigating in-utero inoculation of the bovine fetus. However, critical review of the literature to understand how the microbial shifts during a dam's lifecycle could impact neonatal outcomes is limited. This review demonstrates a consistency at the phyla level throughout both the maternal, paternal, and neonatal microbiomes. Moreover, this review challenges the current gestational inoculation hypothesis and suggests instead a maturation of the resident uterine microbiota throughout gestation to parturition. Recent literature is indicative of microbial composition influencing metabolomic parameters that have developmental programming effects in feed utilization and metabolic performance later in life. Thus, this review enumerates the potential origins of neonatal microbial inoculation from conception, through gestation, parturition, and colostrum consumption while introducing clear paucities where future research is needed to better understand the ramifications of the reproductive microbiome on neonates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riley D Messman
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA
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Song Y, Wen S, Li F, Fischer-Tlustos A, He Z, Guan LL, Steele M. Metagenomic analysis provides bases on individualized shift of colon microbiome affected by delaying colostrum feeding in neonatal calves. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1035331. [PMID: 36386713 PMCID: PMC9664197 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1035331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the effect of colostrum feeding time on the colon digesta microbiome of 2-day-old dairy calves using whole-genome-based metagenome sequencing, aiming to understand the dynamic changes of the colon microbiome when the colostrum feeding is delayed. In total, 24 male Holstein calves were grouped to different pasteurized colostrum feeding time treatments randomly: TRT0h (45 min after birth, n = 7); TRT6h (6 h after birth, n = 8); and TRT12h (12 h after birth, n = 9). Bacteria, archaea, eukaryotes, and viruses were identified in the colon microbiome, with bacteria (99.20%) being the most predominant domain. Streptococcus, Clostridium, Lactobacillus, Ruminococcus, and Enterococcus were the top five abundant bacteria genera. For colon microbiome functions, 114 Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways were identified, with nutrients metabolism-related functions “carbohydrate metabolism,” “amino acid metabolism,” “metabolism of cofactors and vitamins,” “metabolism of terpenoids and polyketides,” and “metabolism of other amino acids” being the top five secondary level of KEGG hierarchy functions. When colon microbiomes were compared, they were not affected by delaying first colostrum feeding at both taxonomic and functional levels. However, distinct clusters of colon microbiome profiles were shown based on PERMANOVA analysis despite of different colostrum feeding treatment, suggesting the individualized responses. Moreover, the relative abundance of microbial taxa, microbial functions, and differentially expressed genes was compared between the two distinct clusters, and different relationships were observed among host differentially expressed genes, differential levels of microbial taxa, and microbial functions between the two clusters. Our results suggest that the host may play an important role in shaping the colon microbiome of neonatal dairy calves in response to the early life feeding management. Whether the observed colon microbiome shifts affect gut health and function in the long term requires further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Song
- Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao, China
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Shubo Wen
- Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonose Prevention and Control at Universities of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Tongliao, China
| | - Fuyong Li
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Public Health, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | | | - Zhixiong He
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Le Luo Guan
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- *Correspondence: Le Luo Guan,
| | - Michael Steele
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
- Michael Steele,
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