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Wang C, Wang T, Gao Y, Tao Q, Ye W, Jia Y, Zhao X, Zhang B, Zhang Z. Multiplexed immunosensing of cancer biomarkers on a split-float-gate graphene transistor microfluidic biochip. Lab Chip 2024; 24:317-326. [PMID: 38087953 DOI: 10.1039/d3lc00709j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
This work reports the development of a novel microfluidic biosensor using a graphene field-effect transistor (GFET) design for the parallel label-free analysis of multiple biomarkers. Overcoming the persistent challenge of constructing μm2-sized FET sensitive interfaces that incorporate multiple receptors, we implement a split-float-gate structure that enables the manipulation of multiplexed biochemical functionalization using microfluidic channels. Immunoaffinity biosensing experiments are conducted using the mixture samples containing three liver cancer biomarkers, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), α-fetoprotein (AFP), and parathyroid hormone (PTH). The results demonstrate the capability of our label-free biochip to quantitatively detect multiple target biomarkers simultaneously by observing the kinetics in 10 minutes, with the detection limit levels in the nanomolar range. This microfluidic biosensor provides a valuable analytical tool for rapid multi-target biosensing, which can be potentially utilized for domiciliary tests of cancer screening and prognosis, obviating the need for sophisticated instruments and professional operations in hospitals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Wireless Mobile Communications and Power Transmission, College of Electronic and Communication Engineering, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China.
- Department of Intelligence Science and Technology, College of Artificial Intelligence, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Wireless Mobile Communications and Power Transmission, College of Electronic and Communication Engineering, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China.
- Department of Communication Engineering, College of Electronic and Communication Engineering, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Yujing Gao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Wireless Mobile Communications and Power Transmission, College of Electronic and Communication Engineering, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China.
- Department of Intelligence Science and Technology, College of Artificial Intelligence, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Qiya Tao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Wireless Mobile Communications and Power Transmission, College of Electronic and Communication Engineering, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China.
- Department of Communication Engineering, College of Electronic and Communication Engineering, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Weixiang Ye
- Center for Theoretical Physics, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China.
- Department of Physics, School of Physical Science and Optoelectrical Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Yuan Jia
- Industrialization Center of Micro/Nano ICs and Devices, Sino-German College of Intelligent Manufacturing, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen 518118, China.
| | - Xiaonan Zhao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Wireless Mobile Communications and Power Transmission, College of Electronic and Communication Engineering, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China.
- Department of Communication Engineering, College of Electronic and Communication Engineering, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Wireless Mobile Communications and Power Transmission, College of Electronic and Communication Engineering, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China.
- Department of Communication Engineering, College of Electronic and Communication Engineering, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Zhixing Zhang
- Industrialization Center of Micro/Nano ICs and Devices, Sino-German College of Intelligent Manufacturing, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen 518118, China.
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Abu-Khudir R, Hafsa N, Badr BE. Identifying Effective Biomarkers for Accurate Pancreatic Cancer Prognosis Using Statistical Machine Learning. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:3091. [PMID: 37835833 PMCID: PMC10572229 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13193091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PC) has one of the lowest survival rates among all major types of cancer. Consequently, it is one of the leading causes of mortality worldwide. Serum biomarkers historically correlate well with the early prognosis of post-surgical complications of PC. However, attempts to identify an effective biomarker panel for the successful prognosis of PC were almost non-existent in the current literature. The current study investigated the roles of various serum biomarkers including carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9), chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 8 (CXCL-8), procalcitonin (PCT), and other relevant clinical data for identifying PC progression, classified into sepsis, recurrence, and other post-surgical complications, among PC patients. The most relevant biochemical and clinical markers for PC prognosis were identified using a random-forest-powered feature elimination method. Using this informative biomarker panel, the selected machine-learning (ML) classification models demonstrated highly accurate results for classifying PC patients into three complication groups on independent test data. The superiority of the combined biomarker panel (Max AUC-ROC = 100%) was further established over using CA19-9 features exclusively (Max AUC-ROC = 75%) for the task of classifying PC progression. This novel study demonstrates the effectiveness of the combined biomarker panel in successfully diagnosing PC progression and other relevant complications among Egyptian PC survivors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasha Abu-Khudir
- Chemistry Department, College of Science, King Faisal University, P.O. Box 380, Hofuf 31982, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
- Chemistry Department, Biochemistry Branch, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt
| | - Noor Hafsa
- Computer Science Department, College of Computer Science and Information Technology, King Faisal University, P.O. Box 400, Hofuf 31982, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Badr E. Badr
- Egyptian Ministry of Labor, Training and Research Department, Tanta 31512, Egypt;
- Botany Department, Microbiology Unit, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt
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Liang J, Tong WG. Ultrasensitive Detection and Separation of Pancreatic Cancer Biomarker CA 19-9 Using a Multiphoton Laser Wave-Mixing Detector Interfaced to Capillary Electrophoresis. ACS Omega 2023; 8:31030-31039. [PMID: 37663511 PMCID: PMC10468764 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c02845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
The carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA 19-9) is the most commonly used biomarker in the clinical diagnosis of pancreatic cancer. Multiphoton nonlinear laser wave-mixing spectroscopy is presented as an ultrasensitive detection method for CA 19-9. Wave mixing is an optical absorption-based method, and hence, one can detect CA 19-9 without labels in their native form using compact ultraviolet (UV) lasers or labeled samples using a visible laser. The wave-mixing signal exhibits a quadratic dependence on the sample concentration, and hence, it is an ideal sensor to monitor small changes in the sample. Wave mixing has inherent advantages over other absorption-based detection methods, including short optical path length (micrometer-thin samples instead of 1 cm cuvette) and excellent spatial resolution (micrometer probe). Since the laser wave-mixing probe volume is small (picoliter), it is convenient to interface to microfluidics or capillary-based electrophoresis systems to enhance chemical specificity. Our wave-mixing detectors could be configured as portable battery-powered devices suitable for field use. Laser wave-mixing spectroscopy offers enhanced selectivity levels for protein detection when coupled with capillary electrophoresis (CE). We report a concentration detection limit of 0.16 U/mL, and a corresponding mass detection limit of 1.2 × 10-8 U, and these detection limits are better than those of chemiluminescence- or ELISA- based methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Liang
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, San Diego State University, San Diego 92182, California, United
States
| | - William G. Tong
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, San Diego State University, San Diego 92182, California, United
States
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Gautam SK, Khan P, Natarajan G, Atri P, Aithal A, Ganti AK, Batra SK, Nasser MW, Jain M. Mucins as Potential Biomarkers for Early Detection of Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:1640. [PMID: 36980526 PMCID: PMC10046558 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15061640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Early detection significantly correlates with improved survival in cancer patients. So far, a limited number of biomarkers have been validated to diagnose cancers at an early stage. Considering the leading cancer types that contribute to more than 50% of deaths in the USA, we discuss the ongoing endeavors toward early detection of lung, breast, ovarian, colon, prostate, liver, and pancreatic cancers to highlight the significance of mucin glycoproteins in cancer diagnosis. As mucin deregulation is one of the earliest events in most epithelial malignancies following oncogenic transformation, these high-molecular-weight glycoproteins are considered potential candidates for biomarker development. The diagnostic potential of mucins is mainly attributed to their deregulated expression, altered glycosylation, splicing, and ability to induce autoantibodies. Secretory and shed mucins are commonly detected in patients' sera, body fluids, and tumor biopsies. For instance, CA125, also called MUC16, is one of the biomarkers implemented for the diagnosis of ovarian cancer and is currently being investigated for other malignancies. Similarly, MUC5AC, a secretory mucin, is a potential biomarker for pancreatic cancer. Moreover, anti-mucin autoantibodies and mucin-packaged exosomes have opened new avenues of biomarker development for early cancer diagnosis. In this review, we discuss the diagnostic potential of mucins in epithelial cancers and provide evidence and a rationale for developing a mucin-based biomarker panel for early cancer detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shailendra K. Gautam
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Parvez Khan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Gopalakrishnan Natarajan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Pranita Atri
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Abhijit Aithal
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Apar K. Ganti
- Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
- Division of Oncology-Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, VA Nebraska Western Iowa Health Care System, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68105, USA
| | - Surinder K. Batra
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
- Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Mohd W. Nasser
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
- Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Maneesh Jain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
- Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
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Zhu L, Mao H, Yang L. Advanced iron oxide nanotheranostics for multimodal and precision treatment of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Wiley Interdiscip Rev Nanomed Nanobiotechnol 2022; 14:e1793. [PMID: 35396932 PMCID: PMC9373845 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Despite current advances in new approaches for cancer detection and treatment, pancreatic cancer remains one of the most lethal cancer types. Difficult to detect early, aggressive tumor biology, and resistance to chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and immunotherapy result in a poor prognosis of pancreatic cancer patients with a 5-year survival of 10%. With advances in cancer nanotechnology, new imaging and drug delivery approaches that allow the development of multifunctional nanotheranostic agents offer opportunities for improving pancreatic cancer treatment using precision oncology. In this review, we will introduce potential applications of innovative theranostic strategies to address major challenges in the treatment of pancreatic cancer at different disease stages. Several important issues concerning targeted delivery of theranostic nanoparticles and tumor stromal barriers are discussed. We then focus on the development of a magnetic iron oxide nanoparticle platform for multimodal therapy of pancreatic cancer, including MRI monitoring targeted nanoparticle/drug delivery, therapeutic response, and tumor re-staging, activation of tumor immune response by immunoactivating nanoparticle and magnetic hyperthermia therapy, and intraoperative interventions for improving the outcome of targeted therapy. This article is categorized under: Nanotechnology Approaches to Biology > Nanoscale Systems in Biology Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Oncologic Disease Diagnostic Tools > In Vivo Nanodiagnostics and Imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhu
- Department of Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Hui Mao
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Winship Cancer Institute, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Lily Yang
- Department of Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Winship Cancer Institute, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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