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Łukaszuk B, Supruniuk E, Chabowski A, Mikłosz A. Adipose tissue place of origin and obesity influence sphingolipid signaling pathway in the adipocytes differentiated from ADMSCs isolated from morbidly obese women. Biochem Pharmacol 2024; 223:116158. [PMID: 38521475 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2024.116158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
Adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADMSCs) are a component of adipose tissue that in recent years has gained on importance. The progenitor cells serve as an essentially unlimited source of new adipocytes and therefore are considered to be an important determinant of the tissue's physiology. In this paper we investigated mature adipocytes differentiated from ADMSCs obtained from subcutaneous/visceral fat of patients with different metabolic status (lean, obese without and with metabolic syndrome). We focused our interests on the sphingolipid signaling pathway, i.e.a signal transduction system indispensable for cells functioning, but also implicated in the development of medical conditions associated with obesity. We observed that the cells derived from visceral tissue had significantly greater levels of almost all the examined sphingolipids (especially Cer, dhCer, SM). Moreover, obesity and metabolic syndrome present in donor patients was associated with an increased level of sphingosine kinase (SPHK) and the product of its reaction sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P). Moreover, the condition appeared to display a tissue specific pattern. Namely, the adipocytes of subcutaneous provenance had an increased activation of ceramide de novo synthesis pathway when the donors of ADMSCs had metabolic syndrome. The above translated into greater accumulation of ceramide in the cells. To our knowledge this is the first study that demonstrated altered sphingolipid profile in the mature adipocytes differentiated from ADMSCs with respect to the stem cells tissue of origin and the donor patient metabolic status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bartłomiej Łukaszuk
- Department of Physiology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland.
| | - Elżbieta Supruniuk
- Department of Physiology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Adrian Chabowski
- Department of Physiology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Mikłosz
- Department of Physiology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
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Chan MP, Takenaka N, Abe Y, Satoh T. Insulin-stimulated translocation of the fatty acid transporter CD36 to the plasma membrane is mediated by the small GTPase Rac1 in adipocytes. Cell Signal 2024; 117:111102. [PMID: 38365113 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2024.111102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
Cluster of differentiation 36 (CD36) is a scavenger receptor (SR), recognizing diverse extracellular ligands in various types of mammalian cells. Long-chain fatty acids (FAs), which are important constituents of phospholipids and triglycerides, also utilize CD36 as a predominant membrane transporter, being incorporated from the circulation across the plasma membrane in several cell types, including cardiac and skeletal myocytes and adipocytes. CD36 is localized in intracellular vesicles as well as the plasma membrane, and its distribution is modulated by extracellular stimuli. Herein, we aimed to clarify the molecular basis of insulin-stimulated translocation of CD36, which leads to the enhanced uptake of long-chain FAs, in adipocytes. To this end, we developed a novel exofacial epitope-tagged reporter to specifically detect cell surface-localized CD36. By employing this reporter, we demonstrate that the small GTPase Rac1 plays a pivotal role in insulin-stimulated translocation of CD36 to the plasma membrane in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Additionally, phosphoinositide 3-kinase and the protein kinase Akt2 are shown to be involved in the regulation of Rac1. Downstream of Rac1, another small GTPase RalA directs CD36 translocation. Collectively, these results suggest that CD36 is translocated to the plasma membrane by insulin through mechanisms similar to those for the glucose transporter GLUT4 in adipocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Piu Chan
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Department of Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Metropolitan University, Sakai 599-8531, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Takenaka
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Department of Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Metropolitan University, Sakai 599-8531, Japan
| | - Yuki Abe
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Department of Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Metropolitan University, Sakai 599-8531, Japan
| | - Takaya Satoh
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Department of Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Metropolitan University, Sakai 599-8531, Japan.
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Mikłosz A, Łukaszuk B, Supruniuk E, Grubczak K, Kusaczuk M, Chabowski A. RabGAP AS160/TBC1D4 deficiency increases long-chain fatty acid transport but has little additional effect on obesity and metabolic syndrome in ADMSCs-derived adipocytes of morbidly obese women. Front Mol Biosci 2023; 10:1232159. [PMID: 37602323 PMCID: PMC10435366 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2023.1232159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The Akt substrate of 160 kDa (AS160), also known as TBC1 domain family member 4 (TBC1D4), represents a crucial regulator of insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in skeletal muscle and adipose tissue. Recent evidence suggests that AS160/TBC1D4 may also control the cellular entry of long-chain fatty acids (LCFAs), resulting in changes to the lipid profile of muscles and fat cells in lean subjects. However, there are virtually no data on AS160/TBC1D4 expression and its modulatory role in lipid metabolism in the adipocytes from morbidly obese individuals of different metabolic status. In this study, we evaluated the effect of the three main factors, i.e., AS160 silencing, obesity, and metabolic syndrome on lipid uptake and profile in fully differentiated adipocytes derived from mesenchymal stem cells (ADMSCs) of lean and obese (with/without metabolic syndrome) postmenopausal women. Additionally, we tested possible interactions between the explanatory variables. In general, obesity translated into a greater content of fatty acid transporters (especially CD36/SR-B2 and SLC27A4/FATP4) and boosted accumulation of all the examined lipid fractions, i.e., triacylglycerols (TAGs), diacylglycerols (DAGs), and free fatty acids (FFAs). The aforementioned were further enhanced by metabolic syndrome. Moreover, AS160 deficiency also increased the abundance of SLC27A4/FATP4 and CD36/SR-B2, especially on the cell surface of the adipocytes derived from ADMSCs of subcutaneous deposit. This was further accompanied by increased LCFA (palmitic acid) uptake. Despite the aforementioned, AS160 silencing seemed unable to significantly affect the phenotype of the adipocytes stemming from obese patients with respect to their cellular lipid profile as we observed virtually no changes in TAG, DAG, and FFA contents when compared to cells with the reference level of proteins. Nevertheless, knockdown of AS160 stimulated fatty acid oxidation, which may indicate that adaptive mechanisms counteract excessive lipid accumulation. At the same time, adipocytes of visceral origin were rather insensitive to the applied intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Mikłosz
- Department of Physiology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Bartłomiej Łukaszuk
- Department of Physiology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Supruniuk
- Department of Physiology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Kamil Grubczak
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Immune Regulation, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Magdalena Kusaczuk
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Adrian Chabowski
- Department of Physiology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
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Oosthuyse T, Strauss JA, Hackney AC. Understanding the female athlete: molecular mechanisms underpinning menstrual phase differences in exercise metabolism. Eur J Appl Physiol 2023; 123:423-50. [PMID: 36402915 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-022-05090-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Research should equitably reflect responses in men and women. Including women in research, however, necessitates an understanding of the ovarian hormones and menstrual phase variations in both cellular and systems physiology. This review outlines recent advances in the multiplicity of ovarian hormone molecular signaling that elucidates the mechanisms for menstrual phase variability in exercise metabolism. The prominent endogenous estrogen, 17-β-estradiol (E2), molecular structure is bioactive in stabilizing plasma membranes and quenching free radicals and both E2 and progesterone (P4) promote the expression of antioxidant enzymes attenuating exercise-induced muscle damage in the late follicular (LF) and mid-luteal (ML) phases. E2 and P4 bind nuclear hormone receptors and membrane-bound receptors to regulate gene expression directly or indirectly, which importantly includes cross-regulated expression of their own receptors. Activation of membrane-bound receptors also regulates kinases causing rapid cellular responses. Careful analysis of these signaling pathways explains menstrual phase-specific differences. Namely, E2-promoted plasma glucose uptake during exercise, via GLUT4 expression and kinases, is nullified by E2-dominant suppression of gluconeogenic gene expression in LF and ML phases, ameliorated by carbohydrate ingestion. E2 signaling maximizes fat oxidation capacity in LF and ML phases, pending low-moderate exercise intensities, restricted nutrient availability, and high E2:P4 ratios. P4 increases protein catabolism during the luteal phase by indeterminate mechanisms. Satellite cell function supported by E2-targeted gene expression is countered by P4, explaining greater muscle strengthening from follicular phase-based training. In totality, this integrative review provides causative effects, supported by meta-analyses for quantitative actuality, highlighting research opportunities and evidence-based relevance for female athletes.
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Mikłosz A, Nikitiuk BE, Chabowski A. Using adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells to fight the metabolic complications of obesity: Where do we stand? Obes Rev 2022; 23:e13413. [PMID: 34985174 PMCID: PMC9285813 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is a critical risk factor for the development of metabolic diseases, and its prevalence is increasing worldwide. Stem cell-based therapies have become a promising tool for therapeutic intervention. Among them are adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADMSCs), secreting numerous bioactive molecules, like growth factors, cytokines, and chemokines. Their unique features, including immunosuppressive and immunomodulatory properties, make them an ideal candidates for clinical applications. Numerous experimental studies have shown that ADMSCs can improve pancreatic islet cell viability and function, ameliorate hyperglycemia, improve insulin sensitivity, restore liver function, counteract dyslipidemia, lower pro-inflammatory cytokines, and reduce oxidative stress in the animal models. These results prompted scientists to use ADMSCs clinically. However, up to date, there have been few clinical studies or ongoing trails using ADMSCs to treat metabolic disorders such as type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) or liver cirrhosis. Most human studies have implemented autologous ADMSCs with minimal risk of cellular rejection. Because the functionality of ADMSCs is significantly reduced in subjects with obesity and/or metabolic syndrome, their efficacy is questioned. ADMSCs transplantation may offer a potential therapeutic approach for the treatment of metabolic complications of obesity, but randomized controlled trials are required to establish their safety and efficacy in humans prior to routine clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Mikłosz
- Department of Physiology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | | | - Adrian Chabowski
- Department of Physiology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
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Mikłosz A, Łukaszuk B, Supruniuk E, Grubczak K, Starosz A, Kusaczuk M, Naumowicz M, Chabowski A. The Phenotype of the Adipocytes Derived from Subcutaneous and Visceral ADMSCs Is Altered When They Originate from Morbidly Obese Women: Is There a Memory Effect? Cells 2022; 11:1435. [PMID: 35563741 PMCID: PMC9099624 DOI: 10.3390/cells11091435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue is an abundant source of mesenchymal stem cells (ADMSCs). Evidence has suggested that depot-specific ADMSCs (obtained from subcutaneous or visceral adipose tissue-subADMSCs or visADMSCs, respectively) account for differential responses of each depot to metabolic challenges. However, little is known about the phenotype and changes in metabolism of the adipocytes derived from ADMSCs of obese individuals. Therefore, we investigated the phenotypic and metabolic characteristics, particularly the lipid profile, of fully differentiated adipocytes derived from ADMSCs of lean and obese (with/without metabolic syndrome) postmenopausal women. We observed a depot-specific pattern, with more pronounced changes present in the adipocytes obtained from subADMSCs. Namely, chronic oversupply of fatty acids (present in morbid obesity) triggered an increase in CD36/SR-B2 and FATP4 protein content (total and cell surface), which translated to an increased LCFA influx (3H-palmitate uptake). This was associated with the accumulation of TAG and DAG in these cells. Furthermore, we observed that the adipocytes of visADMSCs origin were larger and showed smaller granularity than their counterparts of subADMSCs descent. Although ADMSCs were cultured in vitro, in a fatty acids-deprived environment, obesity significantly influenced the functionality of the progenitor adipocytes, suggesting the existence of a memory effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Mikłosz
- Department of Physiology, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2C Street, 15-222 Bialystok, Poland; (B.Ł.); (E.S.); (A.C.)
| | - Bartłomiej Łukaszuk
- Department of Physiology, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2C Street, 15-222 Bialystok, Poland; (B.Ł.); (E.S.); (A.C.)
| | - Elżbieta Supruniuk
- Department of Physiology, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2C Street, 15-222 Bialystok, Poland; (B.Ł.); (E.S.); (A.C.)
| | - Kamil Grubczak
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Immune Regulation, Medical University of Bialystok, Waszyngtona 13 Street, 15-269 Bialystok, Poland; (K.G.); (A.S.)
| | - Aleksandra Starosz
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Immune Regulation, Medical University of Bialystok, Waszyngtona 13 Street, 15-269 Bialystok, Poland; (K.G.); (A.S.)
| | - Magdalena Kusaczuk
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2A Street, 15-222 Bialystok, Poland;
| | - Monika Naumowicz
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Bialystok, K. Ciolkowskiego 1K Street, 15-245 Bialystok, Poland;
| | - Adrian Chabowski
- Department of Physiology, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2C Street, 15-222 Bialystok, Poland; (B.Ł.); (E.S.); (A.C.)
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