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Anderson G, Borooah S, Megaw R, Bagnaninchi P, Weller R, McLeod A, Dhillon B. UVR and RPE - The Good, the Bad and the degenerate Macula. Prog Retin Eye Res 2023; 100:101233. [PMID: 38135244 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2023.101233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Ultraviolet Radiation (UVR) has a well-established causative influence within the aetiology of conditions of the skin and the anterior segment of the eye. However, a grounded assessment of the role of UVR within conditions of the retina has been hampered by a historical lack of quantitative, and spectrally resolved, assessment of how UVR impacts upon the retina in terms congruent with contemporary theories of ageing. In this review, we sought to summarise the key findings of research investigating the connection between UVR exposure in retinal cytopathology while identifying necessary avenues for future research which can deliver a deeper understanding of UVR's place within the retinal risk landscape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graham Anderson
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh BioQuarter, EH16 4UU, UK
| | - Shyamanga Borooah
- Viterbi Family Department of Ophthalmology, Shiley Eye Institute, UC San Diego, CA, 92093-0946, USA
| | - Roly Megaw
- Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, EH4 2XU, UK; Department of Clinical Ophthalmology, National Health Service Scotland, Edinburgh, EH3 9HA, UK
| | - Pierre Bagnaninchi
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh BioQuarter, EH16 4UU, UK; Robert O Curle Eyelab, Instute for Regeneration and Repair, Edinburgh BioQuarter, 4-5 Little France Drive, Edinburgh, EH16 4UU, UK
| | - Richard Weller
- Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh BioQuarter, EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Andrew McLeod
- School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh, Crew Building, King's Buildings, EH9 3FF, UK
| | - Baljean Dhillon
- Department of Clinical Ophthalmology, National Health Service Scotland, Edinburgh, EH3 9HA, UK; Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh BioQuarter, EH16 4SB, UK; Robert O Curle Eyelab, Instute for Regeneration and Repair, Edinburgh BioQuarter, 4-5 Little France Drive, Edinburgh, EH16 4UU, UK.
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Wu J, Teng Q, Mao Y, Duan Y, Pan X, Xu S, Cai Y, Pan Y, Zhou M, Zhang Y. Cytochrome bc1 Complex: Potential Breach to Improve the Activity of Phenazines on Xanthomonas. J Agric Food Chem 2022; 70:10158-10169. [PMID: 35948060 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c03317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The effects of the natural pesticides, phenazines, were reported to be limited by some tolerant metabolism processes within Xanthomonas. Our previous studies suggested that the functional cytochrome bc1 complex, the indispensable component of the respiration chain, might participate in tolerating phenazines in Xanthomonas. In this study, the cytochrome bc1 mutants of Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris (Xcc) and Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo), which exhibit different tolerance abilities to phenazines, were constructed, and the cytochrome bc1 complex was proven to partake a critical and conserved role in tolerating phenazines in Xanthomonas. In addition, results of the cytochrome c mutants suggested the different functions of the various cytochrome c proteins in Xanthomonas and that the electron channeled by the cytochrome bc1 complex to cytochrome C4 is the key to reveal the tolerance mechanism. In conclusion, the study of the cytochrome bc1 complex provides a potential strategy to improve the activity of phenazines against Xanthomonas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Wu
- Institute of Plant Protection and Agro Product Safety, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei 230001, China
- College of Plant Protection, State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Qingzhu Teng
- College of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Yushuai Mao
- College of Plant Protection, State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yabing Duan
- College of Plant Protection, State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xiayan Pan
- College of Plant Protection, State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Shu Xu
- College of Plant Protection, State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yiqiang Cai
- College of Plant Protection, State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yuemin Pan
- College of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Mingguo Zhou
- College of Plant Protection, State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Institute of Plant Protection and Agro Product Safety, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei 230001, China
- College of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
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Yu L, Lin Z, Cheng X, Chu J, Li X, Chen C, Zhu T, Li W, Lin W, Tang W. Thorium inhibits human respiratory chain complex IV (cytochrome c oxidase). J Hazard Mater 2022; 424:127546. [PMID: 34879532 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.127546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Thorium is a radioactive heavy metal and an emerging environmental pollutant. Ecological and human health risks from thorium exposure are growing with the excavation of rare earth metals and implementation of thorium-based nuclear reactors. Thorium poisoning is associated with carcinogenesis, liver impairments, and congenital anomalies. To date, the biomolecular targets that underlie thorium-induced toxicity remain unknown. Here, we used in vitro enzymatic activity assays to comprehensively evaluate the effects of thorium on the mitochondrial respiration process. Thorium was found to inhibit respiratory chain complex IV (cytochrome c oxidase) at sub-micromolar concentrations (IC50 ~ 0.4 μM, 90 μg/L). This is lower than the thorium level limit (246 μg/L) in drinking water specified by the World Health Organization. The inhibitory effects were further verified in mitochondria from human bone and liver cells (thorium mainly deposits in these organs). The inhibition of cytochrome c oxidase can readily rationalize well-documented cellular toxicities of thorium, such as alteration of mitochondrial membrane potential and production of reactive oxygen species. Therefore, cytochrome c oxidase is potentially a key molecular target underlying thorium-induced toxicological effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Libing Yu
- Institute of Materials, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621907, China.
| | - Zhaozhu Lin
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Xuedan Cheng
- Institute of Materials, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621907, China; School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China
| | - Jian Chu
- Institute of Materials, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621907, China
| | - Xijian Li
- Institute of Materials, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621907, China
| | - Chun Chen
- Institute of Materials, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621907, China
| | - Tinghua Zhu
- Guizhou Shengyada Biotech Co., Ltd., Guiyang 550000, China
| | - Wenjing Li
- Institute of Materials, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621907, China; School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China
| | - Wei Lin
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.
| | - Wei Tang
- Institute of Materials, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621907, China.
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