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Pan S, Hale AT, Lemieux ME, Raval DK, Garton TP, Sadler B, Mahaney KB, Strahle JM. Iron homeostasis and post-hemorrhagic hydrocephalus: a review. Front Neurol 2024; 14:1287559. [PMID: 38283681 PMCID: PMC10811254 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1287559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Iron physiology is regulated by a complex interplay of extracellular transport systems, coordinated transcriptional responses, and iron efflux mechanisms. Dysregulation of iron metabolism can result in defects in myelination, neurotransmitter synthesis, and neuronal maturation. In neonates, germinal matrix-intraventricular hemorrhage (GMH-IVH) causes iron overload as a result of blood breakdown in the ventricles and brain parenchyma which can lead to post-hemorrhagic hydrocephalus (PHH). However, the precise mechanisms by which GMH-IVH results in PHH remain elusive. Understanding the molecular determinants of iron homeostasis in the developing brain may lead to improved therapies. This manuscript reviews the various roles iron has in brain development, characterizes our understanding of iron transport in the developing brain, and describes potential mechanisms by which iron overload may cause PHH and brain injury. We also review novel preclinical treatments for IVH that specifically target iron. Understanding iron handling within the brain and central nervous system may provide a basis for preventative, targeted treatments for iron-mediated pathogenesis of GMH-IVH and PHH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shelei Pan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Washington University School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Andrew T. Hale
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Mackenzie E. Lemieux
- Department of Neurosurgery, Washington University School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Dhvanii K. Raval
- Department of Neurosurgery, Washington University School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Thomas P. Garton
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Brooke Sadler
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Kelly B. Mahaney
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, United States
| | - Jennifer M. Strahle
- Department of Neurosurgery, Washington University School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States
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Carvalho M, Gomes RM, Moreira Rocha S, Barroca-Ferreira J, Maia CJ, Guillade L, Correa-Duarte MA, Passarinha LA, Moreira FTC. Development of a novel electrochemical biosensor based on plastic antibodies for detection of STEAP1 biomarker in cancer. Bioelectrochemistry 2023; 152:108461. [PMID: 37192590 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2023.108461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
STEAP1 is a cell surface protein of the STEAP family whose main function focuses on intercellular communication and cell growth. STEAP1 is considered a promising putative biomarker and a candidate target for prostate cancer treatment. For specific and selective detection of STEAP1, a molecularly imprinted polymers (MIP) was developed on a screen-printed electrode (C-SPE) whose surface was modified with a nanocomposite based on carbon nanotubes decorated with dendritic platinum nanoparticles (CNTs- PAH /Pt). Then, the MIPs were produced on the modified C-SPE by electropolymerization of a mixture of STEAP1 and a monomer (pyrrole-2-carboxylic acid). Then, the protein was removed from the polymeric network by enzymatic treatment with trypsin, which created the specific template cavities for further STEAP1 detection. Electrochemical techniques such as EIS and CV were used to follow the chemical modification steps of C-SPE. The analytical performance of the biosensor was evaluated by SWV in PBS buffer and in lysates of neoplastic prostate cancer cells (LNCaP) extracts. The MIP material showing a linear range from 130 pg/ml to 13 µg/ml. Overall, the biosensor exhibits essential properties such as selectivity, sensitivity and reproducibility for its application in medical and clinical research diagnosis and/or prognosis of prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarida Carvalho
- BioMark Sensor Research/ISEP, School of Engineering, Polytechnic Institute, Porto, Portugal; CEB, Centre of Biological Engineering, Minho University, Braga, Portugal; CICS-UBI-Health Science Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilha, Portugal; Associate Laboratory i4HB-Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2819-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Rui M Gomes
- BioMark Sensor Research/ISEP, School of Engineering, Polytechnic Institute, Porto, Portugal; CEB, Centre of Biological Engineering, Minho University, Braga, Portugal; Faculty of Engineering, Porto University, Portugal
| | - Sandra Moreira Rocha
- CICS-UBI-Health Science Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilha, Portugal
| | - Jorge Barroca-Ferreira
- CICS-UBI-Health Science Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilha, Portugal; Associate Laboratory i4HB-Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2819-516 Caparica, Portugal; UCIBIO-Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Claudio J Maia
- CICS-UBI-Health Science Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilha, Portugal
| | - Lucía Guillade
- CINBIO, Universidade de Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain; Center for Biomedical Research (CINBIO), Southern Galicia Institute of Health Research (IISGS), and Biomedical Research Networking Center for Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Spain
| | - Miguel A Correa-Duarte
- CINBIO, Universidade de Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain; Center for Biomedical Research (CINBIO), Southern Galicia Institute of Health Research (IISGS), and Biomedical Research Networking Center for Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Spain
| | - Luís A Passarinha
- CICS-UBI-Health Science Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilha, Portugal; Associate Laboratory i4HB-Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2819-516 Caparica, Portugal; UCIBIO-Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal; Laboratório de Fármaco-Toxicologia-UBIMedical, Universidade da Beira Interior, 6200-284 Covilha, Portugal
| | - Felismina T C Moreira
- BioMark Sensor Research/ISEP, School of Engineering, Polytechnic Institute, Porto, Portugal; CEB, Centre of Biological Engineering, Minho University, Braga, Portugal.
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Rocha SM, Nascimento D, Coelho RS, Cardoso AM, Passarinha LA, Socorro S, Maia CJ. STEAP1 Knockdown Decreases the Sensitivity of Prostate Cancer Cells to Paclitaxel, Docetaxel and Cabazitaxel. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076643. [PMID: 37047621 PMCID: PMC10095014 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The Six Transmembrane Epithelial Antigen of the Prostate 1 (STEAP1) protein has been indicated as an overexpressed oncoprotein in prostate cancer (PCa), associated with tumor progression and aggressiveness. Taxane-based antineoplastic drugs such as paclitaxel, docetaxel, or cabazitaxel, have been investigated in PCa treatment, namely for the development of combined therapies with the improvement of therapeutic effectiveness. This study aimed to evaluate the expression of STEAP1 in response to taxane-based drugs and assess whether the sensitivity of PCa cells to treatment with paclitaxel, docetaxel, or cabazitaxel may change when the STEAP1 gene is silenced. Thus, wild-type and STEAP1 knockdown LNCaP and C4-2B cells were exposed to paclitaxel, docetaxel or cabazitaxel, and STEAP1 expression, cell viability, and survival pathways were evaluated. The results obtained showed that STEAP1 knockdown or taxane-based drugs treatment significantly reduced the viability and survival of PCa cells. Relatively to the expression of proliferation markers and apoptosis regulators, LNCaP cells showed a reduced proliferation, whereas apoptosis was increased. However, the effect of paclitaxel, docetaxel, or cabazitaxel treatment was reversed when combined with STEAP1 knockdown. Besides, these chemotherapeutic drugs may stimulate the cell growth of PCa cells knocked down for STEAP1. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that STEAP1 expression levels might influence the response of PCa cells to chemotherapeutics drugs, indicating that the use of paclitaxel, docetaxel, or cabazitaxel may lead to harmful effects in PCa cells with decreased expression of STEAP1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra M. Rocha
- CICS-UBI–Health Sciences Research Center, Universidade da Beira Interior, 6201-506 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Daniel Nascimento
- CICS-UBI–Health Sciences Research Center, Universidade da Beira Interior, 6201-506 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Rafaella S. Coelho
- CICS-UBI–Health Sciences Research Center, Universidade da Beira Interior, 6201-506 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Ana Margarida Cardoso
- CICS-UBI–Health Sciences Research Center, Universidade da Beira Interior, 6201-506 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Luís A. Passarinha
- CICS-UBI–Health Sciences Research Center, Universidade da Beira Interior, 6201-506 Covilhã, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory i4HB-Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2819-516 Caparica, Portugal
- UCIBIO–Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Department of Chemistry, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2819-516 Caparica, Portugal
- Laboratório de Fármaco-Toxicologia-UBIMedical, Universidade da Beira Interior, 6201-284 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Sílvia Socorro
- CICS-UBI–Health Sciences Research Center, Universidade da Beira Interior, 6201-506 Covilhã, Portugal
- C4-UBI—Cloud Computing Competence Center, Universidade da Beira Interior, 6200-501 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Cláudio J. Maia
- CICS-UBI–Health Sciences Research Center, Universidade da Beira Interior, 6201-506 Covilhã, Portugal
- C4-UBI—Cloud Computing Competence Center, Universidade da Beira Interior, 6200-501 Covilhã, Portugal
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Rocha SM, Nascimento D, Cardoso AM, Passarinha L, Socorro S, Maia CJ. STEAP1 regulation and its influence modulating the response of LNCaP prostate cancer cells to bicalutamide, enzalutamide and apalutamide. Mol Med Rep 2023; 27:52. [PMID: 36660947 PMCID: PMC9879076 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2023.12939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Anti‑androgen drugs are the standard pharmacological therapies for treatment of non‑metastatic prostate cancer (PCa). However, the response of PCa cells may depend on the anti‑androgen used and often patients become resistant to treatment. Thus, studying how the anti‑androgen drugs affect oncogenes expression and action and the identification of the best strategy for combined therapies are essential to improve the efficacy of treatments. The Six Transmembrane Epithelial Antigen of the Prostate 1 (STEAP1) is an oncogene associated with PCa progression and aggressiveness, although its relationship with the androgen receptor signaling remains to be elucidated. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of anti‑androgens in regulating STEAP1 expression and investigate whether silencing STEAP1 can make PCa cells more sensitive to anti‑androgen drugs. For this purpose, wild‑type and STEAP1 knockdown LNCaP cells were exposed to bicalutamide, enzalutamide and apalutamide. Bicalutamide decreased the expression of STEAP1, but enzalutamide and apalutamide increased its expression. However, decreased cell proliferation and increased apoptosis was observed in response to all drugs. Overall, the cellular and molecular effects were similar between LNCaP wild‑type and LNCaP‑STEAP1 knockdown cells, except for c‑myc expression levels, where a cumulative effect between anti‑androgen treatment and STEAP1 knockdown was observed. The effect of STEAP1 knockdown alone or combined with anti‑androgens in c‑myc levels is required to be addressed in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra M. Rocha
- CICS-UBI-Health Sciences Research Center, University of Beira Interior, 6201-506 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Daniel Nascimento
- CICS-UBI-Health Sciences Research Center, University of Beira Interior, 6201-506 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Ana Margarida Cardoso
- CICS-UBI-Health Sciences Research Center, University of Beira Interior, 6201-506 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Luís Passarinha
- CICS-UBI-Health Sciences Research Center, University of Beira Interior, 6201-506 Covilhã, Portugal,Associate Laboratory i4HB-Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Department of Chemistry, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2819-516 Caparica, Portugal,UCIBIO-Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Department of Chemistry, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2819-516 Caparica, Portugal,Laboratório de Fármaco-Toxicologia-UBIMedical, Universidade da Beira Interior, 6201-284 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Sílvia Socorro
- CICS-UBI-Health Sciences Research Center, University of Beira Interior, 6201-506 Covilhã, Portugal,C4-UBI-Cloud Computing Competence Center, Universidade da Beira Interior, 6200-501 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Cláudio J. Maia
- CICS-UBI-Health Sciences Research Center, University of Beira Interior, 6201-506 Covilhã, Portugal,C4-UBI-Cloud Computing Competence Center, Universidade da Beira Interior, 6200-501 Covilhã, Portugal,Correspondence to: Professor Cláudio J. Maia, CICS-UBI-Health Sciences Research Center, University of Beira Interior, Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6201-506 Covilhã, Portugal, E-mail:
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Wu J, Bi Q, Zheng X, Cao H, Hao C, Sun Z, Wang W. STEAP3 can predict the prognosis and shape the tumor microenvironment of clear cell renal cell carcinoma. BMC Cancer 2022; 22:1204. [PMID: 36424540 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-022-10313-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is a common malignant tumor of the urinary system characterized by poor prognosis and difficult treatment. It has been reported that iron metabolism dysregulation is a common phenomenon in ccRCC and is closely related to the process of ccRCC. But still now, the exact function and underlying mechanisms of iron metabolism dysregulation in ccRCC have not been fully elucidated. In this study, we comprehensively investigated the prognostic value and potential role of STEAP3 (an iron metabolism-related gene) in ccRCC. STEAP3 is significantly up-regulated in ccRCC. High STEAP3 expression is associated with gender, hemoglobin level, pathological grade, tumor stage and significantly predicts an unfavorable prognosis of ccRCC patients. Functional enrichment analysis and evaluation of the tumor microenvironment indicated that STEAP3 was involved in the remodeling of tumor extracellular matrix and the shaping of an immune-suppressive tumor microenvironment to promote tumor metastasis and evade immune killing. Besides, the expression of STEAP3 is also associated with the expression of various immune checkpoint molecules and the IC50 of targeted drugs. Finally, we verified STEAP3 by RT-qPCR and IHC staining. In conclusion, we found that STEAP3 can serve as a candidate prognostic biomarker for ccRCC, and targeting STEAP3 and its biological processes may provide new references for the individualized treatment of ccRCC.
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