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Ibrahim DFA, Venkiteswaran A, Hasmun NN. Esthetic Effects and Color Stability of Resin Infiltration on Demineralized Enamel Lesions: A Systematic Review. J Int Soc Prev Community Dent 2023; 13:273-286. [PMID: 37876578 PMCID: PMC10593370 DOI: 10.4103/jispcd.jispcd_29_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims and Objectives The aim of this study was to systematically review the ability of resin infiltration to conceal demineralized enamel lesions to normal enamel translucency and to maintain color stability. Materials and Methods A literature search of PubMed, MEDLINE, Web of Science, and Scopus databases and a manual search of articles from 2009 to 2021 for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and clinical efficacy trials (nonrandomized) were performed. Methodological quality and risk of bias (RoB) of included papers was assessed using Cochrane Collaboration Risk of Bias Tool 2.0 for RCTs and ROBINS-I (Risk Of Bias In Non-randomized Studies of Interventions) tool for nonrandomized studies. Results A total of 352 titles and abstracts were reviewed. Eight RCTs and three clinical efficiency studies were included in this review. The masking effects of the demineralized enamel lesion were reported immediately after resin infiltration, and the color stability of this material was up to 24 months, with no adverse effects noted. For RCTs, four studies were classified as "some concerns" and four were as "low RoB." For nonrandomized studies, all of the studies presented an overall moderate RoB. Conclusion Resin infiltration achieves the best esthetic outcomes compared with microabrasion and remineralization therapy. Color stability was achieved with this material for up to 24 months and no adverse effects were noted. Factors contributing to the esthetic outcomes of the resin include the elimination of the hypermineralized surface layer, the homogeneity of the resin itself, and polishing after resin infiltration. Longitudinal follow-up and improved control of confounding variables should characterize future high-quality systematic reviews.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dayang Fadzlina Abang Ibrahim
- Centre of Paediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics Studies, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Teknologi MARA Campus Sungai Buloh, Sungai Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia
| | | | - Noren Nor Hasmun
- Department of Oral Science, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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Puleio F, Di Spirito F, Lo Giudice G, Pantaleo G, Rizzo D, Lo Giudice R. Long-Term Chromatic Durability of White Spot Lesions through Employment of Infiltration Resin Treatment. Medicina (Kaunas) 2023; 59:medicina59040749. [PMID: 37109707 PMCID: PMC10146668 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59040749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Revised: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: White spot lesions (WSLs) denote regions of subsurface demineralization on the enamel that manifest as opaque and milky-white regions. Treatment for WSLs is essential for both clinical and aesthetic reasons. Resin infiltration has been identified as the most efficacious solution for alleviating WSLs, but studies with long-term monitoring are scarce. The aim of this clinical study is to assess the color change stability of the lesion after four years of implementing the resin infiltration technique. Materials and Methods: Forty non-cavity and unrestored white spot lesions (WSLs) were treated with the resin infiltration technique. The color of the WSLs and adjacent healthy enamel (SAE) was assessed using a spectrophotometer at T0 (baseline), T1 (after treatment), T2 (1 year after) and T3 (4 years after). The Wilcoxon test was utilized to determine the significance of the variation of color (ΔE) between WSLs and SAE over the observed time periods. Results: When comparing the color difference ΔE (WSLs-SAE) at T0-T1, the Wilcoxon test demonstarated a statistically significant difference (p < 0.05). For ΔE (WSLs-SAE) at T1-T2 and T1-T3, the color variation was not statistically significant (p = 0.305 and p = 0.337). Conclusions: The study's findings indicate that the resin infiltration technique is an effective solution for resolving the appearance of WSLs, and the results have demonstrated stability for a minimum of four years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Puleio
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, Messina University, 98100 Messina, Italy
| | - Federica Di Spirito
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Schola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, 84084 Baronissi, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Lo Giudice
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Messina University, 98100 Messina, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Pantaleo
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Schola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, 84084 Baronissi, Italy
| | - David Rizzo
- Independent Researcher, 98124 Messina, Italy
| | - Roberto Lo Giudice
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Messina University, 98100 Messina, Italy
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Salah R, Afifi RR, Kehela HA, Aly NM, Rashwan M, Hill RG. EFFICACY OF NOVEL BIOACTIVE GLASS IN THE TREATMENT OF ENAMEL WHITE SPOT LESIONS: A RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL✰. J Evid Based Dent Pract 2022; 22:101725. [PMID: 36494113 DOI: 10.1016/j.jebdp.2022.101725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES to evaluate the efficacy of 2 types of bioactive glass (45S5) compared to casein-phosphopeptide stabilized-amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP) in the treatment of orthodontically-induced white spot lesions (WSLs). METHODS Sixty post-orthodontic WSLs (ICDAS II score 2) were randomly allocated to a double blind randomized controlled trial with 3 parallel arms (n = 20). Test group I (Bio-BAG) received BiominF slurry and toothpaste, and test group II (N-BAG) received Novamin slurry and toothpaste. While the positive control group (CPP-ACP) received Recaldent paste. Products were applied daily in-office during week 1, and boosted by self-administered home application for 4 weeks (week 1-4). Standard oral hygiene care was performed by all participants twice daily during months 2-6. All patients were assessed for change in WSL dimensions using computer assisted analysis based on standardized digital intraoral photographs in addition to laser fluorescence DIAGNOdent assessment before treatment (T0) and at 1 week (T1), 1 month (T2), 3 months (T3,) and 6 months (T4) follow up periods. RESULTS Kruskal Wallis test was used (P < .05 for all). At T4, a statistically significant (P < .001) regression of WSL was disclosed in all 3 groups compared to baseline, and a highly significant lesion size percent reduction in Bio-BAG group compared to the control group (P < .001). The mean area of the lesions decreased by 64.8%, 32.2%, and 31.6% for groups I, II and III respectively (P = .001). DIAGNOdent findings largely reflected the clinical scores (Mean scores at baseline/T4 for groups I, II, and III respectively; 16.57/3.62, 16.93/7.90, 21.95/19.27). No adverse effects were reported. CONCLUSIONS The combined in-office and home-application of BiominF paste for 4 weeks resulted in greater esthetic improvements of post-orthodontic WSLs compared to Novamin and CPP-ACP. In addition, BiominF showed a significant reduction in fluorescence intensity which indicates potential lesion remineralization. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Post-orthodontic WSLs can be diminished using bioactive glass remineralization therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rania Salah
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.
| | - Rania R Afifi
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Hany A Kehela
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Nourhan M Aly
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Maher Rashwan
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt; Centre for Oral Bioengineering, Barts and the London, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Robert G Hill
- Centre for Oral Bioengineering, Barts and the London, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
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Abstract
The selection of an accurate tooth shade has always been a challenging task for dental practitioners in restoring the natural appearance of teeth. Various factors can influence shade selection, such as different lighting conditions, clearness and opaqueness of teeth, eye fatigue, aging and color vision problems. It is imperative to have a sound knowledge about the concept of shades and its selection protocol for obtaining good esthetics outcomes. To attain the best esthetics, four elementary contributing factors are essential: exact position, shape, surface texture and shade. The current analysis focuses on several features of shade, sensitivity of shades, optical properties of the teeth, visual and innovative instrumental techniques for shade selection, protocols for shade selection and factors affecting dental shade selection.
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Gasparik C, Manziuc MM, Burde AV, Ruiz-López J, Buduru S, Dudea D. Masking Ability of Monolithic and Layered Zirconia Crowns on Discolored Substrates. Materials (Basel) 2022; 15. [PMID: 35329684 DOI: 10.3390/ma15062233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
There is scarce information on the colorimetric behavior of monolithic and layered zirconia crowns in combination with various abutment colors. This study evaluated the masking ability on discolored substrates of monolithic and layered zirconia crowns. Anterior crowns were fabricated using 3Y-TZP zirconia and layering ceramic and divided into three groups: monolithic (ML), bi-layer (BL), and tri-layer (TL). The crowns were placed over eleven substrates (ND1-ND9, zirconia, metal), and CIE L*, a*, b*, C*, and h° color coordinates were measured in the cervical, middle, and incisal areas with a spectrophotometer. Masking ability was calculated using the color difference formula, and values were interpreted according to the perceptibility and acceptability thresholds. Data were analyzed statistically (α = 0.001). The L* coordinate was not significantly different between BL and TL crowns, regardless of the measurement area or substrate (p ≥ 0.001). In the middle area, the L* coordinate of the ML group was statistically different from the BL and TL groups only for zirconia and metal substrates, while in the incisal area, only for ND7 and metal substrates. The a* coordinate was significantly different between the ML and layered crowns for all measurement areas and substrates (except zirconia). The b* and C* coordinates differed significantly between the groups only in the cervical area (p < 0.001). The ML crown had better masking ability than the BL and TL crowns. However, the color differences for ML crowns were below the acceptability threshold for ND2, ND3, and ND7 substrates in the cervical and middle areas and below perceptibility threshold only for the incisal area. The lowest masking ability of the crowns was found for ND9 and metal substrates in all measurement areas.
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Puleio F, Fiorillo L, Gorassini F, Iandolo A, Meto A, D'Amico C, Cervino G, Pinizzotto M, Bruno G, Portelli M, Amato A, Lo Giudice R. Systematic Review on White Spot Lesions Treatments. Eur J Dent 2021; 16:41-48. [PMID: 34450678 PMCID: PMC8890924 DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1731931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The difference in refractive index between the healthy enamel and the demineralized area generates a lesion with a milky white opaque appearance, clearly distinguishable from the surrounding healthy enamel. The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate if the infiltration technique is the most efficient treatment to resolve a white spot lesion when compared with remineralization and microabrasion techniques. The Population/Intervention/Comparison/Outcome question investigated: “in enamel WS lesion, the infiltration treatment compared to remineralization or microabrasion treatments is more or less effective in the camouflage effect?.” The research was performed on electronic databases, including Ovid MEDLINE, PubMed, and web of science. The search was conducted up to April 1, 2020. The scientific search engines produced 324 results. Only 14 were screened after screening. Based on the articles analyzed in this systematic review, the resin infiltration technique seems to be the most effective and predictable treatment for the aesthetic resolution of WSLs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Puleio
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, Messina University, Messina, Italy
| | - Luca Fiorillo
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, Messina University, Messina, Italy.,Multidisciplinary Department of Medical-Surgical and Odontostomatological Specialties, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli," Naples, Italy.,Department of Implantology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Aldent, Tirana, Albania
| | - Francesca Gorassini
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, Messina University, Messina, Italy
| | - Alfredo Iandolo
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - Aida Meto
- Department of Dental Therapy, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Medicine, Tirana, Albania
| | - Cesare D'Amico
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, Messina University, Messina, Italy
| | - Gabriele Cervino
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, Messina University, Messina, Italy
| | - Mirta Pinizzotto
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, Messina University, Messina, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Bruno
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, Messina University, Messina, Italy
| | - Marco Portelli
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, Messina University, Messina, Italy
| | - Alessandra Amato
- Multidisciplinary Department of Medical-Surgical and Odontostomatological Specialties, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli," Naples, Italy
| | - Roberto Lo Giudice
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Messina University, Messina, Italy
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Dal Piva AMDO, Bottino MA, Anami LC, Werner A, Kleverlaan CJ, Lo Giudice R, Famà F, Silva-concilio LRD, Tribst JPM. Toothbrushing Wear Resistance of Stained CAD/CAM Ceramics. Coatings 2021; 11:224. [DOI: 10.3390/coatings11020224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Aim: To investigate the effect of toothbrushing on different stained Computerd Aided Design/Computer Aided Manufacturing CAD/CAM ceramics. Materials and Methods: Fifty specimens (high translucency zirconia, YZHT; zirconia-reinforced lithium silicate, ZLS; feldspathic, FDL; hybrid ceramic, HC; all from Vita Zahnfabrik) were divided into five groups according to their staining technique. ZLS allowed the composition of two groups: ZLS1 with crystallization and staining together; ZLS2, with the stain firing after the crystallization. YZHT received a stain firing after the sintering process, and FDL received stain firing directly. The HC was stained with acrylic staining, and was light-cured on its surface. The specimens were brushed in total for 150,000 cycles at 2.45 N with 180 strokes/min. Surface measurements to obtain Rz were performed after 50,000, 100,000 and 150,000 cycles, with five evaluation lines (5 mm) per specimen orthogonal to the brushing direction, covering brushed and unbrushed areas. The wear was analyzed using two-way ANOVA and Tukey tests (α = 5%). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was performed to access the surface profile. The wear was affected by material (p < 0.001) and time (p = 0.139). Superior wear (µm) was observed for HC (6.6 ± 4.4; 6.8 ± 4.0; 9.2 ± 3.5) compared to ZLS2 (1.0 ± 0.3; 1.2 ± 2.2; 1.3 ± 0.3), YZHT (1.0 ± 0.1; 1.2 ± 0.3; 1.2 ± 0.3), ZLS1 (0.9 ± 0.1; 1.1 ± 0.5; 1.2 ± 0.3) and FDL (0.9 ± 0.1; 0.9 ± 0.1; 1.0 ± 0.2) after 5, 10 and 15 years of simulation, respectively. SEM showed different wear patters for HC with the removal of the glaze layer. HC showed a higher staining wear rate compared to the glass-based and polycrystalline ceramics after 15 years. The extrinsic characterization of feldspathic ceramic showed its superior longevity compared to the evaluated high-translucency zirconia, zirconia-reinforced lithium silicate, and hybrid ceramic.
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Zotti F, Albertini L, Tomizioli N, Capocasale G, Albanese M. Resin Infiltration in Dental Fluorosis Treatment-1-Year Follow-Up. Medicina (Kaunas) 2020; 57:22. [PMID: 33383755 PMCID: PMC7823358 DOI: 10.3390/medicina57010022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background and objective: Dental fluorosis is a disease affecting dental hard tissues featured with white or yellowish lesions. Several treatments are proposed in the literature, some even invasive. This clinical study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of resin infiltration in terms of lesions resolution, trend of sensitive teeth and satisfaction of patients over time. Methods and material: 200 fluorosis lesions were treated using ICON infiltrating resin (DMG, Hamburg, Germany). Parameters related to patients were collected by a questionnaire and analyzed aesthetic dissatisfaction about lesions, Shiff Air Index Sensitive Scale, sensitive teeth after treatment, the satisfaction of duration of treatment. The same operator measured dimensions of lesions Tooth Surface Index of Fluorosis (TSIF) and numbers of etching cycles needed for treating lesions. Statistical analysis was performed. The follow-up was of 1-year a measurement were performed at baseline (t0), immediately after the treatment (t1) and every three months during the observation period. Results: All lesions disappeared after one treatment. Pain or sensitive teeth were reported inside the 72 h and they disappeared after. Statistical analysis showed highly statistically correlation between etching cycles and the dimension of lesions and TSIF at the time-points evaluated as well as for pain during treatment, whereas a statistical significance was not noticed where etching cycles were correlated to sensitive teeth after 72 h. Overall, the treatment was found to be statistically significantly associated with differences in answers of aesthetic dissatisfaction between t0 and t1 and those collected between t1 and t2. Between t2 and t3 and between t3 and t4 no statistical differences were found in answers of patients about dissatisfaction, indicating the stability of the results. Conclusions: The ICON resin infiltration technique was found to be effective in lesions resolution with steady results.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Giorgia Capocasale
- Section of Dentistry and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Surgical Sciences, Paediatrics and Gynecology, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; (F.Z.); (L.A.); (N.T.); (M.A.)
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Lo Giudice R, Militi A, Nicita F, Bruno G, Tamà C, Lo Giudice F, Puleio F, Calapai F, Mannucci C. Correlation between Oral Hygiene and IL-6 in Children. Dent J (Basel) 2020; 8:dj8030091. [PMID: 32796524 PMCID: PMC7558544 DOI: 10.3390/dj8030091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Revised: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the correlation between marginal gingivitis, oral hygiene parameters, and interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels in gingival crevicular fluid of 40 children. The marginal periodontal pathology was evaluated by gingival index (GI). The status of oral hygiene was estimated by using patient hygiene performance (PHP), brushing frequency (BF), and plaque index (PI). IL-6 levels in gingival crevicular fluid were measured to evaluate the inflammation in marginal gingiva. PHP score showed a significant correlation with GI, BF, and PI. The groups based on PHP ranges were significantly related to IL-6 concentration in crevicular fluid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Lo Giudice
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98100 Messina, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-090-221-6922
| | - Angela Militi
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, 98100 Messina, Italy; (A.M.); (F.N.); (G.B.); (C.T.); (F.L.G.); (F.P.); (F.C.); (C.M.)
| | - Fabiana Nicita
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, 98100 Messina, Italy; (A.M.); (F.N.); (G.B.); (C.T.); (F.L.G.); (F.P.); (F.C.); (C.M.)
| | - Giancarlo Bruno
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, 98100 Messina, Italy; (A.M.); (F.N.); (G.B.); (C.T.); (F.L.G.); (F.P.); (F.C.); (C.M.)
| | - Cristina Tamà
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, 98100 Messina, Italy; (A.M.); (F.N.); (G.B.); (C.T.); (F.L.G.); (F.P.); (F.C.); (C.M.)
| | - Fabrizio Lo Giudice
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, 98100 Messina, Italy; (A.M.); (F.N.); (G.B.); (C.T.); (F.L.G.); (F.P.); (F.C.); (C.M.)
| | - Francesco Puleio
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, 98100 Messina, Italy; (A.M.); (F.N.); (G.B.); (C.T.); (F.L.G.); (F.P.); (F.C.); (C.M.)
| | - Fabrizio Calapai
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, 98100 Messina, Italy; (A.M.); (F.N.); (G.B.); (C.T.); (F.L.G.); (F.P.); (F.C.); (C.M.)
| | - Carmen Mannucci
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, 98100 Messina, Italy; (A.M.); (F.N.); (G.B.); (C.T.); (F.L.G.); (F.P.); (F.C.); (C.M.)
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Puleio F, Rizzo G, Nicita F, Lo Giudice F, Tamà C, Marenzi G, Centofanti A, Raffaele M, Santonocito D, Risitano G. Chemical and Mechanical Roughening Treatments of a Supra-Nano Composite Resin Surface: SEM and Topographic Analysis. Applied Sciences 2020; 10:4457. [DOI: 10.3390/app10134457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background: Repairing a restoration is a more advantageous and less invasive alternative to its total makeover. The aim of this study was to analyze the effects of chemical and mechanical surface treatments aimed at increasing the roughness of a supra-nano composite resin. Methods: 27 cylindrical blocks of microhybrid composite were made. The samples were randomly divided into nine groups (n = 3). The samples’ surface was treated differently per each group: acid etching (35% H3PO4, 30 s and 60 s), diamond bur milling, sandblasting and the combination of mechanical treatment and acid etching. The samples’ surface was observed by a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and a confocal microscope for observational study, and surface roughness (Ra) was recorded for quantitative analysis. Results: The images of the samples sandblasted with Al2O3 showed the greatest irregularity and the highest number of microcavities. The surfaces roughened by diamond bur showed evident parallel streaks and sporadic superficial microcavities. No significant roughness differences were recorded between other groups. The difference in roughness between the control group, diamond bur milled group and sandblasted group was statistically significant. (p < 0.01). Comparison between the diamond bur milled group and the sandblasted group was also significant (p < 0.01). Conclusion: According to our results, sandblasting is the best treatment to increase the surface roughness of a supra-nano composite.
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