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Gupta OP, Singh A, Pandey V, Sendhil R, Khan MK, Pandey A, Kumar S, Hamurcu M, Ram S, Singh G. Critical assessment of wheat biofortification for iron and zinc: a comprehensive review of conceptualization, trends, approaches, bioavailability, health impact, and policy framework. Front Nutr 2024; 10:1310020. [PMID: 38239835 PMCID: PMC10794668 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1310020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Addressing global hidden hunger, particularly in women of childbearing age and children under five, presents a significant challenge, with a focus on iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn) deficiency. Wheat, a staple crop in the developing world, is crucial for addressing this issue through biofortification efforts. While extensive research has explored various approaches to enhance Fe and Zn content in wheat, there remains a scarcity of comprehensive data on their bioavailability and impact on human and animal health. This systematic review examines the latest trends in wheat biofortification approaches, assesses bioavailability, evaluates the effects of biofortified wheat on health outcomes in humans and animals, and analyzes global policy frameworks. Additionally, a meta-analysis of per capita daily Fe and Zn intake from average wheat consumption was conducted. Notably, breeding-based approaches have led to the release of 40 biofortified wheat varieties for commercial cultivation in India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Mexico, Bolivia, and Nepal, but this progress has overlooked Africa, a particularly vulnerable continent. Despite these advancements, there is a critical need for large-scale systematic investigations into the nutritional impact of biofortified wheat, indicating a crucial area for future research. This article can serve as a valuable resource for multidisciplinary researchers engaged in wheat biofortification, aiding in the refinement of ongoing and future strategies to achieve the Sustainable Development Goal of eradicating hunger and malnutrition by 2030.
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Affiliation(s)
- Om Prakash Gupta
- Division of Quality and Basic Sciences, ICAR-Indian Institute of Wheat and Barley Research, Karnal, Haryana, India
| | - Ajeet Singh
- Division of Quality and Basic Sciences, ICAR-Indian Institute of Wheat and Barley Research, Karnal, Haryana, India
| | - Vanita Pandey
- Division of Quality and Basic Sciences, ICAR-Indian Institute of Wheat and Barley Research, Karnal, Haryana, India
| | - Ramadas Sendhil
- Division of Social Sciences, ICAR-Indian Institute of Wheat and Barley Research, Karnal, Haryana, India
| | - Mohd. Kamran Khan
- Department of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, Selcuk University, Konya, Türkiye
| | - Anamika Pandey
- Department of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, Selcuk University, Konya, Türkiye
| | - Sunil Kumar
- Division of Quality and Basic Sciences, ICAR-Indian Institute of Wheat and Barley Research, Karnal, Haryana, India
| | - Mehmet Hamurcu
- Department of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, Selcuk University, Konya, Türkiye
| | - Sewa Ram
- Division of Quality and Basic Sciences, ICAR-Indian Institute of Wheat and Barley Research, Karnal, Haryana, India
| | - Gyanendra Singh
- Division of Quality and Basic Sciences, ICAR-Indian Institute of Wheat and Barley Research, Karnal, Haryana, India
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Avnee, Sood S, Chaudhary DR, Jhorar P, Rana RS. Biofortification: an approach to eradicate micronutrient deficiency. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1233070. [PMID: 37789898 PMCID: PMC10543656 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1233070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Micronutrient deficiency also known as "hidden hunger" refers to a condition that occurs when the body lacks essential vitamins and minerals that are required in small amounts for proper growth, development and overall health. These deficiencies are particularly common in developing countries, where a lack of access to a varied and nutritious diet makes it difficult for people to get the micronutrients they need. Micronutrient supplementation has been a topic of interest, especially during the Covid-19 pandemic, due to its potential role in supporting immune function and overall health. Iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), iodine (I), and selenium (Se) deficiency in humans are significant food-related issues worldwide. Biofortification is a sustainable strategy that has been developed to address micronutrient deficiencies by increasing the levels of essential vitamins and minerals in staple crops that are widely consumed by people in affected communities. There are a number of agricultural techniques for biofortification, including selective breeding of crops to have higher levels of specific nutrients, agronomic approach using fertilizers and other inputs to increase nutrient uptake by crops and transgenic approach. The agronomic approach offers a temporary but speedy solution while the genetic approach (breeding and transgenic) is the long-term solution but requires time to develop a nutrient-rich variety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avnee
- Department of Agronomy, CSK Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya, Palampur, India
| | - Sonia Sood
- Department of Vegetable Science and Floriculture, CSK Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya, Palampur, India
| | - Desh Raj Chaudhary
- Department of Vegetable Science and Floriculture, CSK Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya, Palampur, India
| | - Pooja Jhorar
- Department of Agronomy, CSK Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya, Palampur, India
| | - Ranbir Singh Rana
- Department of Agronomy, CSK Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya, Palampur, India
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Azeem A, Ul-Allah S, Azeem F, Naeem M, Sattar A, Ijaz M, Sher A. Effect of foliar applied zinc sulphate on phenotypic variability, association and heritability of yield and zinc biofortification related traits of wheat genotypes. Heliyon 2023; 9:e19643. [PMID: 37809928 PMCID: PMC10558863 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e19643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Wheat is an important food crop worldwide, providing substantial calories and nourishment. Genetic variability in wheat germplasm is crucial for the development of cultivars with desirable features. This two years study (2020-21 and 2021-22) was conducted to evaluate 13 diverse wheat genotypes factorially combined with foliar-applied zinc sulphate (0, 0.4, 0.6%) arranged in a triplicate randomized complete block design. Boxplot analysis revealed the significant (P < 0.01) phenotypic variation of wheat germplasm for all the studied traits, but maximum variation was observed for yield and Zn biofortification-related traits. Correlation and path analysis revealed a significant (P < 0.01) association among yield and biofortification-related traits. Zinc uptake showed maximum strength of association (r = 0.96, p < 0.01) with grain Zn concentration. The Biplot analysis showed the graphical representation of wheat accessions based on similar characteristics and then assort into distinct groups. Broadsense heritability (Hbs) was calculated to determine the proportion of variation transmitted to future generations. The high value of Hbs for yield and Zn biofortification-related traits indicates that these traits are governed by the additive type of gene action and can be fixed in early segregating generations. In crux, this study validated the genetic variability in existing wheat genotypes for yield and Zn biofortification-related traits and may be helpful to devise an efficient breeding program for wheat Zn biofortification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asad Azeem
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Sami Ul-Allah
- College of Agriculture, University of Layyah, Layyah, Pakistan
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Farrukh Azeem
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Naeem
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Sattar
- College of Agriculture, University of Layyah, Layyah, Pakistan
- Department of Agronomy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ijaz
- College of Agriculture, University of Layyah, Layyah, Pakistan
- Department of Agronomy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Ahmad Sher
- College of Agriculture, University of Layyah, Layyah, Pakistan
- Department of Agronomy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
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Arikan B, Yildiztugay E, Ozfidan-Konakci C. Protective role of quercetin and kaempferol against oxidative damage and photosynthesis inhibition in wheat chloroplasts under arsenic stress. Physiol Plant 2023; 175:e13964. [PMID: 37341362 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic (As) toxicity negatively impacts plant development, limits agricultural production, and, by entering the food chain, endangers human health. Studies on the use of natural and bioactive molecules in increasing plants' resistance to abiotic stressors, such as As, have gained increasing attention in the last few years. Flavonols are plant secondary metabolites with high potential in stress tolerance due to their roles in signal transmission. Therefore, the focus of this study was to examine the effects of two flavonols, quercetin (Q, 25 μM) and kaempferol (K, 25 μM), on growth parameters, photosynthesis, and chloroplastic antioxidant activity in wheat leaves under As stress (100 μM). As stress reduced the relative growth rate by 50% and relative water content by 25% in leaves. However, applying Q and/or K alleviated the As-induced suppression of growth and water relations. Exogenous phenolic treatments reversed the effects of As toxicity in photochemistry and maintained the photochemical quantum efficiency of the Photosystem II (Fv /Fm ). As exposure increased, the H2 O2 content in wheat chloroplasts by 42% and high levels of H2 O2 accumulation were also observed in guard cells in confocal microscopy images. Analysis of the chloroplastic antioxidant system has shown that Q and K applications increase the activity of antioxidant enzymes, including superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, and ascorbate peroxidase. Phenolic applications have induced the ascorbate-glutathione (AsA-GSH) cycle in charge of the protection of the cellular redox balance in different ways. It has been determined that Q triggers the AsA renewal, and K maintains the GSH pool. As a result, Q and K applications provide tolerance to wheat plants under As stress by increasing the chloroplastic antioxidant system activity and protecting photosynthetic reactions from oxidative damage. This study reveals the potential use of plant phenolic compounds in agricultural systems as a biosafe strategy to enhance plant stress tolerance, hence increasing yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Busra Arikan
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Evren Yildiztugay
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Ceyda Ozfidan-Konakci
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey
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