1
|
Elkins KM, Garloff AT, Zeller CB. Authors' response. J Forensic Sci 2024; 69:741-742. [PMID: 38073006 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.15435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Kelly M Elkins
- TU Human Remains Identification Laboratory (THRIL), Chemistry Department, Forensic Science Program, Towson University, Towson, Maryland, USA
| | - Alexis T Garloff
- TU Human Remains Identification Laboratory (THRIL), Chemistry Department, Forensic Science Program, Towson University, Towson, Maryland, USA
| | - Cynthia B Zeller
- TU Human Remains Identification Laboratory (THRIL), Chemistry Department, Forensic Science Program, Towson University, Towson, Maryland, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Vetri L, Calì F, Saccone S, Vinci M, Chiavetta NV, Carotenuto M, Roccella M, Costanza C, Elia M. Whole Exome Sequencing as a First-Line Molecular Genetic Test in Developmental and Epileptic Encephalopathies. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1146. [PMID: 38256219 PMCID: PMC10816140 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25021146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Developmental and epileptic encephalopathies (DEE) are severe neurodevelopmental disorders characterized by recurrent, usually early-onset, epileptic seizures accompanied by developmental impairment often related to both underlying genetic etiology and abnormal epileptiform activity. Today, next-generation sequencing technologies (NGS) allow us to sequence large portions of DNA quickly and with low costs. The aim of this study is to evaluate the use of whole-exome sequencing (WES) as a first-line molecular genetic test in a sample of subjects with DEEs characterized by early-onset drug-resistant epilepsies, associated with global developmental delay and/or intellectual disability (ID). We performed 82 WESs, identifying 35 pathogenic variants with a detection rate of 43%. The identified variants were highlighted on 29 different genes including, 3 new candidate genes (KCNC2, STXBP6, DHRS9) for DEEs never identified before. In total, 23 out of 35 (66%) de novo variants were identified. The most frequently identified type of inheritance was autosomal dominant de novo (60%) followed by autosomal recessive in homozygosity (17%) and heterozygosity (11%), autosomal dominant inherited from parental mosaicism (6%) and X-linked dominant de novo (6%). The most frequent mutations identified were missense (75%) followed by frameshift deletions (16%), frameshift duplications (5%), and splicing mutations (3%). Considering the results obtained in the present study we support the use of WES as a form of first-line molecular genetic testing in DEEs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Vetri
- Oasi Research Institute-IRCCS, 94018 Troina, Italy; (L.V.); (M.V.); (N.V.C.); (M.E.)
| | - Francesco Calì
- Oasi Research Institute-IRCCS, 94018 Troina, Italy; (L.V.); (M.V.); (N.V.C.); (M.E.)
| | - Salvatore Saccone
- Department Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Catania, Via Androne 81, 95124 Catania, Italy
| | - Mirella Vinci
- Oasi Research Institute-IRCCS, 94018 Troina, Italy; (L.V.); (M.V.); (N.V.C.); (M.E.)
| | | | - Marco Carotenuto
- Clinic of Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry, Department of Mental Health, Physical and Preventive Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Michele Roccella
- Department of Psychology, Educational Science and Human Movement, University of Palermo, 90141 Palermo, Italy; (M.R.); (C.C.)
| | - Carola Costanza
- Department of Psychology, Educational Science and Human Movement, University of Palermo, 90141 Palermo, Italy; (M.R.); (C.C.)
| | - Maurizio Elia
- Oasi Research Institute-IRCCS, 94018 Troina, Italy; (L.V.); (M.V.); (N.V.C.); (M.E.)
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Calì F, Di Blasi FD, Avola E, Vinci M, Musumeci A, Gloria A, Greco D, Raciti DR, Zagami A, Rizzo B, Città S, Federico C, Vetri L, Saccone S, Buono S. Specific Learning Disorders: Variation Analysis of 15 Candidate Genes in 9 Multiplex Families. Medicina (Kaunas) 2023; 59:1503. [PMID: 37629793 PMCID: PMC10456226 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59081503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Specific Learning Disorder (SLD) is a complex neurobiological disorder characterized by a persistent difficult in reading (dyslexia), written expression (dysgraphia), and mathematics (dyscalculia). The hereditary and genetic component is one of the underlying causes of SLD, but the relationship between genes and the environment should be considered. Several genetic studies were performed in different populations to identify causative genes. Materials and Methods: Here, we show the analysis of 9 multiplex families with at least 2 individuals diagnosed with SLD per family, with a total of 37 persons, 21 of whom are young subjects with SLD, by means of Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) to identify possible causative mutations in a panel of 15 candidate genes: CCPG1, CYP19A1, DCDC2, DGKI, DIP2A, DYM, GCFC2, KIAA0319, MC5R, MRPL19, NEDD4L, PCNT, PRMT2, ROBO1, and S100B. Results: We detected, in eight families out nine, SNP variants in the DGKI, DIP2A, KIAA0319, and PCNT genes, even if in silico analysis did not show any causative effect on this behavioral condition. In all cases, the mutation was transmitted by one of the two parents, thus excluding the case of de novo mutation. Moreover, the parent carrying the allelic variant transmitted to the children, in six out of seven families, reports language difficulties. Conclusions: Although the present results cannot be considered conclusive due to the limited sample size, the identification of genetic variants in the above genes can provide input for further research on the same, as well as on other genes/mutations, to better understand the genetic basis of this disorder, and from this perspective, to better understand also the neuropsychological and social aspects connected to this disorder, which affects an increasing number of young people.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Calì
- Oasi Research Institute—IRCCS, Via Conte Ruggero 73, 94018 Troina, Italy; (F.C.); (F.D.D.B.); (S.B.)
| | | | - Emanuela Avola
- Oasi Research Institute—IRCCS, Via Conte Ruggero 73, 94018 Troina, Italy; (F.C.); (F.D.D.B.); (S.B.)
| | - Mirella Vinci
- Oasi Research Institute—IRCCS, Via Conte Ruggero 73, 94018 Troina, Italy; (F.C.); (F.D.D.B.); (S.B.)
| | - Antonino Musumeci
- Oasi Research Institute—IRCCS, Via Conte Ruggero 73, 94018 Troina, Italy; (F.C.); (F.D.D.B.); (S.B.)
| | - Angelo Gloria
- Oasi Research Institute—IRCCS, Via Conte Ruggero 73, 94018 Troina, Italy; (F.C.); (F.D.D.B.); (S.B.)
| | - Donatella Greco
- Oasi Research Institute—IRCCS, Via Conte Ruggero 73, 94018 Troina, Italy; (F.C.); (F.D.D.B.); (S.B.)
| | - Daniela Rita Raciti
- Oasi Research Institute—IRCCS, Via Conte Ruggero 73, 94018 Troina, Italy; (F.C.); (F.D.D.B.); (S.B.)
| | - Alessandro Zagami
- Oasi Research Institute—IRCCS, Via Conte Ruggero 73, 94018 Troina, Italy; (F.C.); (F.D.D.B.); (S.B.)
| | - Biagio Rizzo
- Oasi Research Institute—IRCCS, Via Conte Ruggero 73, 94018 Troina, Italy; (F.C.); (F.D.D.B.); (S.B.)
| | - Santina Città
- Oasi Research Institute—IRCCS, Via Conte Ruggero 73, 94018 Troina, Italy; (F.C.); (F.D.D.B.); (S.B.)
| | - Concetta Federico
- Department Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Catania, Via Androne 81, 95124 Catania, Italy
| | - Luigi Vetri
- Oasi Research Institute—IRCCS, Via Conte Ruggero 73, 94018 Troina, Italy; (F.C.); (F.D.D.B.); (S.B.)
| | - Salvatore Saccone
- Department Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Catania, Via Androne 81, 95124 Catania, Italy
| | - Serafino Buono
- Oasi Research Institute—IRCCS, Via Conte Ruggero 73, 94018 Troina, Italy; (F.C.); (F.D.D.B.); (S.B.)
| |
Collapse
|