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Lin M, Liu X, Zhang X, Wang H, Fang Y, Wu X, Yin A, Yang W, Zhang D, Li M, Zhang L, Ying S. Sp1 Controls the Basal Level of Interleukin-34 Transcription. Immunol Invest 2023; 52:224-240. [PMID: 36562687 DOI: 10.1080/08820139.2022.2157283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin-34 (IL-34) is a cytokine that plays important roles at steady state and in diseases. The induced or inhibited expression of IL-34 by stimuli has been deeply investigated. However, the regulation of IL-34 basal expression is largely unknown. The aim of this study is to investigate whether IL-34 expression is regulated by a general transcription factor Specificity Protein 1 (Sp1) at transcription level. By using bioinformatic software, four putative Sp1-binding sites overlapping GC boxes were found in the core promoter region of IL-34. Alignment of the core promoter sequences of mammalian IL-34 showed GC box-C (-62/-57) and D (-11/-6) were conserved in some mammals. Luciferase assay results showed that only deletion of GC box-C (-62/-57) significantly reduced luciferase activities of IL-34 core promoter in SH-SY5Y cells. By using electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA), it was found that Sp1 specifically interacted with GC box-C sequence CCCGCC (-62/-57) in the core promoter of IL-34. By using chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP), it was discovered that Sp1 bound to the core promoter of IL-34 in living cells. In addition, silencing of Sp1 expression by its specific siRNA reduced IL-34 mRNA and protein levels significantly in SH-SY5Y cells. Likewise, IL-34 expression was inhibited in a dose-dependent manner by a Sp1 inhibitor Plicamycin. Furthermore, silencing of Sp1 also downregulated mRNA and protein expression of IL-34 in GES-1 and 293T cell lines, suggesting that IL-34 transcription regulated by Sp1 was not cell-type specific. Taken together, these results indicate that Sp1 controls the basal level of IL-34 transcription.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minggui Lin
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, P. R. China
| | - Xingyun Liu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, P. R. China
| | - Xinhui Zhang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, P. R. China
| | - Huimin Wang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, P. R. China
| | - Yu Fang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoting Wu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, P. R. China
| | - Anqi Yin
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, P. R. China
| | - Wanqing Yang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, P. R. China
| | - Dong Zhang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, P. R. China
| | - Miaomiao Li
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, P. R. China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, P. R. China
| | - Songcheng Ying
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, P. R. China
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El-maadawy EA, Bakry RM, Moussa MM, El-Naby SH, Talaat RM. Genetic variation in FOXP3 and ROR-γ genes in pediatric acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) patients: correlation with associated cytokines. Discov Oncol 2022; 13:86. [PMID: 36083385 PMCID: PMC9463430 DOI: 10.1007/s12672-022-00549-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND FOXP3 and ROR-γ genes are master regulators of the Treg and Th17 differentiation, respectively. This work was planned to investigate the impact of FOXP3 (rs3761548C/A and rs3761549C/T) and ROR-γ (rs9017A/G & rs9826A/G) gene polymorphism on the vulnerability of pediatric Egyptians to acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Furthermore, we evaluated the impact of these genetic variations on Treg/Th17-related cytokines. METHODS FOXP3 SNPs were genotyped using PCR-based restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP), while ROR-γ SNPs polymorphism were performed by PCR-sequence-specific primer (PCR-SSP). An Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to assess the levels of Treg/Th17 associated cytokines on 128 ALL children and 124 healthy donors. RESULTS Compared to controls, patients had a significant increase (p < 0.01/p < 0.05) in FOXP3rs3761548CC genotype and a significant decrease (p < 0.001/p < 0.01) inrs3761548CA genotype. A significant elevation (p < 0.001/p < 0.01) in ROR-γ rs9017AA genotype and a significant reduction (p < 0.01/p < 0.05) in rs9017AG genotype were detected in ALL patients versus controls. An insignificant change in FOXP3 (rs3761549C/T) and ROR-γ (rs9826A/G) genotypes was demonstrated between both groups. ROR-γ GG and GA haplotypes were significantly decreased (p < 0.05/p < 0.05; p < 0.05/p < 0.05) in ALL subjects compared to healthy ones. Relapsed patients had a significantly higher (p < 0.05/P < 0.05) frequency of FOXP3 rs3761548CA genotype than non-relapsed subjects. ROR-γ rs9017AG and rs9826GG genotypes might be associated with the increase in IL-23 plasma level. CONCLUSIONS Our preliminary data provided evidence for the impact ofFOXP3 (rs3761548C/A) and ROR-γ (rs9017A/G) gene polymorphisms and the occurrence of ALL in Egyptian children. Another large-scale prospective study should be conducted to validate these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman A. El-maadawy
- Molecular Biology Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute (GEBRI], University of Sadat City, El Sadat City, Egypt
| | - Rania M. Bakry
- South Egypt Cancer Institute, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Mohamed M. Moussa
- Clinical Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Ain-Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Sobhy Hasab El-Naby
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Menoufiya University, Menoufiya, Egypt
| | - Roba M. Talaat
- Molecular Biology Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute (GEBRI], University of Sadat City, El Sadat City, Egypt
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Ahmed S, Zhou J, Zhou Z, Chen SQ. Genetic Polymorphisms and In Silico Mutagenesis Analyses of CYP2C9, CYP2D6, and CYPOR Genes in the Pakistani Population. Genes (Basel) 2018; 9:E514. [PMID: 30360443 PMCID: PMC6211126 DOI: 10.3390/genes9100514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2018] [Revised: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Diverse distributions of pharmacogenetically relevant variants of highly polymorphic CYP2C9, CYP2D6 and CYPOR genes are responsible for some varied drug responses observed across human populations. There is limited data available regarding the pharmacogenetic polymorphisms and frequency distributions of major allele variants in the Pakistani population. The present in silico mutagenesis study conducted on genotype pharmacogenetic variants and comparative analysis with a global population aims to extend the currently limited pharmacogenetic available evidence for the indigenous Pakistani population. Extracted genomic DNA from 244 healthy individuals' venous blood samples were amplified for distinct variant loci in the CYP2C9, CYP2D6 and CYPOR genes. Two-way sequencing results were compared with standard PubMed data and sequence variant loci confirmed by Chromas. This study revealed significant variations in CYP2C9 (rs1799853, rs1057910 and rs72558189), CYP2D6 (rs16947 and rs1135840), and CYPOR (rs1057868, rs781919285 and rs562750402) variants in intraethnic and interethnic frequency distributions. In silico mutagenesis and three-dimensional protein structural alignment analysis approaches clearly exposed the possible varied impact of rare CYPOR (rs781919285 and rs562750402) single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and confirmed that the influences of CYP2C9 and CYP2D6 variants are consistent with what was found in earlier studies. This investigation highlighted the need to study pharmacogenetic relevance loci and documentation since evidence could be utilized to elucidate genetic backgrounds of drug metabolism, and provide a basis for future pharmacogenomic studies and adequate dose adjustments in Pakistani and global populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shabbir Ahmed
- Institute of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Jie Zhou
- Institute of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Zhan Zhou
- Institute of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Shu-Qing Chen
- Institute of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
- International Center for Precision Medicine, Zhejiang California International NanoSystems Institute (ZCNI), Hangzhou 310058, China.
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Słomka M, Sobalska-Kwapis M, Wachulec M, Bartosz G, Strapagiel D. High Resolution Melting (HRM) for High-Throughput Genotyping-Limitations and Caveats in Practical Case Studies. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18112316. [PMID: 29099791 PMCID: PMC5713285 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18112316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Revised: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
High resolution melting (HRM) is a convenient method for gene scanning as well as genotyping of individual and multiple single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). This rapid, simple, closed-tube, homogenous, and cost-efficient approach has the capacity for high specificity and sensitivity, while allowing easy transition to high-throughput scale. In this paper, we provide examples from our laboratory practice of some problematic issues which can affect the performance and data analysis of HRM results, especially with regard to reference curve-based targeted genotyping. We present those examples in order of the typical experimental workflow, and discuss the crucial significance of the respective experimental errors and limitations for the quality and analysis of results. The experimental details which have a decisive impact on correct execution of a HRM genotyping experiment include type and quality of DNA source material, reproducibility of isolation method and template DNA preparation, primer and amplicon design, automation-derived preparation and pipetting inconsistencies, as well as physical limitations in melting curve distinction for alternative variants and careful selection of samples for validation by sequencing. We provide a case-by-case analysis and discussion of actual problems we encountered and solutions that should be taken into account by researchers newly attempting HRM genotyping, especially in a high-throughput setup.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Słomka
- Biobank Lab, Department of Molecular Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Łódź, Pilarskiego 14/16, 90-231 Łódź, Poland.
- BBMRI.pl Consortium, 54-066 Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Marta Sobalska-Kwapis
- Biobank Lab, Department of Molecular Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Łódź, Pilarskiego 14/16, 90-231 Łódź, Poland.
- BBMRI.pl Consortium, 54-066 Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Monika Wachulec
- Department of Molecular Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Łódź, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236 Łódź, Poland.
| | - Grzegorz Bartosz
- Department of Molecular Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Łódź, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236 Łódź, Poland.
| | - Dominik Strapagiel
- Biobank Lab, Department of Molecular Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Łódź, Pilarskiego 14/16, 90-231 Łódź, Poland.
- BBMRI.pl Consortium, 54-066 Wrocław, Poland.
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