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Panumasvivat J, Sapbamrer R, Sittitoon N, Khacha-Ananda S, Kiratipaisarl W, Sirikul W, Insian W, Assavanopakun P. Exploring the adverse effect of fine particulate matter (PM 2.5) on wildland firefighters' pulmonary function and DNA damage. Sci Rep 2024; 14:7932. [PMID: 38575786 PMCID: PMC10994925 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-58721-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Chiang Mai encounters severe pollution during the wildfire season. Wildland firefighters encounter various hazards while engaged in fire suppression operations, which encompass significant exposure to elevated concentrations of air pollutants resulting from combustion, especially particulate matter. The adverse effects of wildfire smoke on respiratory health are a significant concern. The objective of this study was to examine the potential adverse effects of PM2.5 exposure on the respiratory function and DNA damage of wildland firefighters. This prospective cohort study conducted in Chiang Mai from January to May 2022 planned to evaluate the health status of wildland firefighters during the pre-peak, peak, and post-peak ambient air pollution seasons. The measurement of PM2.5 was done at every forest fire station, as well as utilizing data from the Pollution Control Department. Participants received general health examinations, spirometry evaluations, and blood tests for DNA damage analysis. Pair t-tests and multiple regression models were used to examine the connection between pulmonary function parameters (FVC, FEV1) and PM2.5 concentration, with a significance level of P < 0.05. Thirty-three peak-season and twenty-one post-peak-season participants were enrolled. Four pre-peak-season wildland firefighters had FVC and FEV1 declines of > 15%. Multiple regression analysis showed a negative association between PM2.5 exposure and FVC% predicted (- 2.81%, 95% CI - 5.27 to - 0.34%, P = 0.027) and a marginally significant negative correlation with FVC (- 114.38 ml, 95% CI - 230.36 to 1.59 ml, P = 0.053). The remaining pulmonary measures showed a statistically insignificant decline. There were no significant changes in DNA damage detected. Wildland firefighters suffered a significant decline in pulmonary function associated with PM2.5 exposure. Spirometry is crucial for monitoring and promptly identifying respiratory issues that occur during wildfire seasons. Further research is recommended to explore DNA damage alterations and their potential association with PM2.5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinjuta Panumasvivat
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
- Environmental and Occupational Medicine Excellence Center (EnOMEC), Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Ratana Sapbamrer
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
- Environmental and Occupational Medicine Excellence Center (EnOMEC), Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Nalin Sittitoon
- School of Environmental Health, Institute of Public Health, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, 30000, Thailand
| | - Supakit Khacha-Ananda
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Wuttipat Kiratipaisarl
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Wachiranun Sirikul
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
- Environmental and Occupational Medicine Excellence Center (EnOMEC), Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
- Center of Data Analytics and Knowledge Synthesis for Health Care, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Wittawat Insian
- Office of Disease Prevention and Control 1 Chiang Mai, Department of Disease Control, Ministry of Public Health, Chiang Mai, 50000, Thailand
| | - Pheerasak Assavanopakun
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.
- Environmental and Occupational Medicine Excellence Center (EnOMEC), Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.
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Lee S, Ma X, Lee W. Association between exposure to external airborne agents and autoimmune disease. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2023; 263:115334. [PMID: 37567098 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
The etiology of autoimmune disease pathogeneses remains obscure, and the impact of general environmental or occupational exposure to external airborne agents (EAA) on autoimmune diseases remains understudied. This study was conducted to elucidate the association between exposure to EAA and the risk of autoimmune diseases according to exposure type. From the NHIS-NSC (2002-2019), 17,984,963 person-years were included in the data analysis. Autoimmune diseases were categorized based on the InterLymph classification. We estimated the incidence and rate ratio of autoimmune diseases according to the EAA exposure. Association between exposure and autoimmune diseases was investigated using logistic regression analysis, adjusted for potential confounders. Of the 1,082,879 participants, 86,376 (8.0%) were diagnosed with autoimmune diseases. Among these, 208 (14.1%) experienced severe exposure to EAA. Total EAA exposure was significantly associated with any autoimmune disease (OR: 1.29, 95% CI: 1.11-1.49) and organ-specific diseases (OR: 1.28, 95% CI: 1.08-1.53). Inorganic dust exposure was associated with organ-specific diseases (OR, 1.38; 95% CI: 1.01-1.81). Exposure to other dust was significantly associated with any autoimmune disease (OR: 1.35, 95% CI: 1.10-1.66), connective tissue diseases (OR: 1.43, 95% CI: 1.03-1.99), and organ-specific diseases (OR: 1.28, 95% CI: 1.00-1.65). Exposure to EAA was predominantly related to psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and type 1 diabetes (T1DM). We found that exposure to EAA is a potential risk factor for autoimmune diseases, especially psoriasis, RA, and T1DM. Our findings provide insight into the role of exposure to severe airborne agents in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seunghyun Lee
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Xiaoxue Ma
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Wanhyung Lee
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Peng R, Yang W, Shao W, Pan B, Zhu Y, Zhang Y, Kan H, Xu Y, Ying Z. Deficiency of interleukin-6 receptor ameliorates PM 2.5 exposure-induced pulmonary dysfunction and inflammation but not abnormalities in glucose homeostasis. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2022; 247:114253. [PMID: 36343449 PMCID: PMC9759823 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.114253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5) exposure increases local and systemic interleukin-6 (IL-6). However, the pathogenic role of IL-6 signalling following PM2.5 exposure, particularly in the development of pulmonary dysfunction and abnormal glucose homeostasis, has hardly been investigated. RESULTS In the study, IL-6 receptor (IL-6R)-deficient (IL-6R-/-) and wildtype littermate (IL-6R+/+) mice were exposed to concentrated ambient PM2.5 (CAP) or filtered air (FA), and their pulmonary and metabolic responses to these exposures were analyzed. Our results demonstrated that IL-6R deficiency markedly alleviated PM2.5 exposure-induced increases in lung inflammatory markers including the inflammation score of histological analysis, the number of macrophages in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), and mRNA expressions of TNFα, IL-1β and IL-6 and abnormalities in lung function test. However, IL-6R deficiency did not reduce the hepatic insulin resistance nor systemic glucose intolerance and insulin resistance induced by PM2.5 exposure. CONCLUSION Our findings support the crucial role of IL-6 signalling in the development of pulmonary inflammation and dysfunction due to PM2.5 exposure but question the putative central role of pulmonary inflammation for the extra-pulmonary dysfunctions following PM2.5 exposure, providing a deep mechanistic insight into the pathogenesis caused by PM2.5 exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renzhen Peng
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenhui Yang
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenpu Shao
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bin Pan
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yaning Zhu
- Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Huaian No.1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huaian, China
| | - Yubin Zhang
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Haidong Kan
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanyi Xu
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Zhekang Ying
- Department of Medicine Cardiology Division, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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