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Cheng Y, Song Z, Fang X, Tang Z. Polycomb repressive complex 2 and its core component EZH2: potential targeted therapeutic strategies for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Clin Epigenetics 2024; 16:54. [PMID: 38600608 PMCID: PMC11007890 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-024-01666-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The polycomb group (PcG) comprises a set of proteins that exert epigenetic regulatory effects and play crucial roles in diverse biological processes, ranging from pluripotency and development to carcinogenesis. Among these proteins, enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) stands out as a catalytic component of polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2), which plays a role in regulating the expression of homologous (Hox) genes and initial stages of x chromosome inactivation. In numerous human cancers, including head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), EZH2 is frequently overexpressed or activated and has been identified as a negative prognostic factor. Notably, EZH2 emerges as a significant gene involved in regulating the STAT3/HOTAIR axis, influencing HNSCC proliferation, differentiation, and promoting metastasis by modulating related oncogenes in oral cancer. Currently, various small molecule compounds have been developed as inhibitors specifically targeting EZH2 and have gained approval for treating refractory tumors. In this review, we delve into the epigenetic regulation mediated by EZH2/PRC2 in HNSCC, with a specific focus on exploring the potential roles and mechanisms of EZH2, its crucial contribution to targeted drug therapy, and its association with cancer markers and epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Furthermore, we aim to unravel its potential as a therapeutic strategy for oral squamous cell carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxi Cheng
- Xiangya Stomatological Hospital and Xiangya School of Stomatology, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
- Clinical Research Center of Oral Major Diseases and Oral Health & Academician, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Zhengzheng Song
- Xiangya Stomatological Hospital and Xiangya School of Stomatology, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
- Clinical Research Center of Oral Major Diseases and Oral Health & Academician, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Xiaodan Fang
- Xiangya Stomatological Hospital and Xiangya School of Stomatology, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China.
- Clinical Research Center of Oral Major Diseases and Oral Health & Academician, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China.
| | - Zhangui Tang
- Xiangya Stomatological Hospital and Xiangya School of Stomatology, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China.
- Clinical Research Center of Oral Major Diseases and Oral Health & Academician, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China.
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Zohud O, Lone IM, Nashef A, Iraqi FA. Towards system genetics analysis of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma using the mouse model, cellular platform, and clinical human data. Animal Model Exp Med 2023; 6:537-558. [PMID: 38129938 PMCID: PMC10757216 DOI: 10.1002/ame2.12367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell cancer (HNSCC) is a leading global malignancy. Every year, More than 830 000 people are diagnosed with HNSCC globally, with more than 430 000 fatalities. HNSCC is a deadly diverse malignancy with many tumor locations and biological characteristics. It originates from the squamous epithelium of the oral cavity, oropharynx, nasopharynx, larynx, and hypopharynx. The most frequently impacted regions are the tongue and larynx. Previous investigations have demonstrated the critical role of host genetic susceptibility in the progression of HNSCC. Despite the advances in our knowledge, the improved survival rate of HNSCC patients over the last 40 years has been limited. Failure to identify the molecular origins of development of HNSCC and the genetic basis of the disease and its biological heterogeneity impedes the development of new therapeutic methods. These results indicate a need to identify more genetic factors underlying this complex disease, which can be better used in early detection and prevention strategies. The lack of reliable animal models to investigate the underlying molecular processes is one of the most significant barriers to understanding HNSCC tumors. In this report, we explore and discuss potential research prospects utilizing the Collaborative Cross mouse model and crossing it to mice carrying single or double knockout genes (e.g. Smad4 and P53 genes) to identify genetic factors affecting the development of this complex disease using genome-wide association studies, epigenetics, microRNA, long noncoding RNA, lncRNA, histone modifications, methylation, phosphorylation, and proteomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osayd Zohud
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler Faculty of MedicineTel‐Aviv UniversityTel AvivIsrael
| | - Iqbal M. Lone
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler Faculty of MedicineTel‐Aviv UniversityTel AvivIsrael
| | - Aysar Nashef
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial SurgeryBaruch Padeh Medical CenterPoriyaIsrael
- Azrieli Faculty of MedicineBar‐Ilan UniversityRamat GanIsrael
| | - Fuad A. Iraqi
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler Faculty of MedicineTel‐Aviv UniversityTel AvivIsrael
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3
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Liang J, Li L, Li L, Zhou X, Zhang Z, Huang Y, Xiao X. Lipid metabolism reprogramming in head and neck cancer. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1271505. [PMID: 37927468 PMCID: PMC10622980 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1271505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipid metabolism reprogramming is one of the most prominent metabolic anomalies in cancer, wherein cancer cells undergo dysregulation of lipid metabolism to acquire adequate energy, cell membrane building blocks, as well as signaling molecules essential for cell proliferation, survival, invasion, and metastasis. These adaptations enable cancer cells to effectively respond to challenges posed by the tumor microenvironment, leading to cancer therapy resistance and poor cancer prognosis. Head and neck cancer, ranking as the seventh most prevalent cancer, exhibits numerous abnormalities in lipid metabolism. Nevertheless, the precise role of lipid metabolic rewiring in head and neck cancer remains unclear. In line with the LIPID MAPS Lipid Classification System and cancer risk factors, the present review delves into the dysregulated molecules and pathways participating in the process of lipid uptake, biosynthesis, transportation, and catabolism. We also present an overview of the latest advancements in understanding alterations in lipid metabolism and how they intersect with the carcinogenesis, development, treatment, and prognosis of head and neck cancer. By shedding light on the significance of metabolic therapy, we aspire to improve the overall prognosis and treatment outcomes of head and neck cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinfeng Liang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Lin Li
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Limei Li
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, College & Hospital of Stomatology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Xiaoying Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Early Prevention and Treatment for Regional High-Frequency Tumor, Guangxi Medical University, Ministry of Education, Nanning, China
| | - Zhe Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
- Key Laboratory of Early Prevention and Treatment for Regional High-Frequency Tumor, Guangxi Medical University, Ministry of Education, Nanning, China
| | - Yi Huang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Xue Xiao
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
- Key Laboratory of Early Prevention and Treatment for Regional High-Frequency Tumor, Guangxi Medical University, Ministry of Education, Nanning, China
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4
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Vatsa PP, Jindal Y, Bhadwalkar J, Chamoli A, Upadhyay V, Mandoli A. Role of epigenetics in OSCC: an understanding above genetics. Med Oncol 2023; 40:122. [PMID: 36941511 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-023-01992-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/22/2023]
Abstract
Oral cavity cancer is categorized under head and neck cancer that frequently develops from squamous cells hence also known as oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Although molecular markers for oral cavity cancer are already known, epigenetic signatures for the same haven't been explored much. Epigenetic and genetic alterations were initially thought to be discrete mechanisms driving the tumour but the whole exome sequencing of various cancers has revealed the interdependency of epigenetics and genetic alterations. The reversible nature of these epigenetic changes makes them an alluring target for cancer therapeutics. The primary epigenetic alterations in cancer include DNA methylation and histone modifications. These alterations are useful for patient early detection and prognostication. This review summarizes the epigenetic perspective to understand the etiology, epigenetic biomarkers, and epi-drugs for better predictive diagnosis and treatment of OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka P Vatsa
- Department of Biotechnology, NIPER-Ahmedabad, Opposite Air Force Station, Palaj, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, 382355, India
| | - Yogita Jindal
- Department of Biotechnology, NIPER-Ahmedabad, Opposite Air Force Station, Palaj, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, 382355, India
| | - Janhavi Bhadwalkar
- Department of Biotechnology, NIPER-Ahmedabad, Opposite Air Force Station, Palaj, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, 382355, India
| | - Ambika Chamoli
- Department of Biotechnology, NIPER-Ahmedabad, Opposite Air Force Station, Palaj, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, 382355, India
| | - Vinal Upadhyay
- Department of Biotechnology, NIPER-Ahmedabad, Opposite Air Force Station, Palaj, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, 382355, India
| | - Amit Mandoli
- Department of Biotechnology, NIPER-Ahmedabad, Opposite Air Force Station, Palaj, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, 382355, India.
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B Mali S. Epigenetics: Promising journey so far but ways to go in head neck cancer. Oral Oncol 2022; 135:106194. [DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2022.106194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Baquero J, Tang XH, Scognamiglio T, Gudas LJ. EZH2 Knockout in Oral Cavity Basal Epithelia Causes More Invasive Squamous Cell Carcinomas. Carcinogenesis 2021; 42:1485-1495. [PMID: 34614148 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgab091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (oral SCC) is an aggressive disease and despite intensive treatments, 5-year survival rates for patients have remained low in the last 20 years. Enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2), part of polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2), is highly expressed in human oral SCC samples and cell lines and has been associated with greater epithelia-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), invasion, and metastasis. Here we developed a tamoxifen-regulated, transgenic mouse line (KcEZH2) in which EZH2 is selectively knocked out (KO) in some tongue epithelial basal stem cells (SCs) in adult mice. EZH2 KO SCs do not show the H3K27me3 mark, as assessed by double-label immunofluorescence. We used this mouse line to assess EZH2 actions during oral tumorigenesis with our immunocompetent 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide (4-NQO) model of oral SCC. We report that higher percentages of mice with invasive SCCs and high-grade neoplastic lesions are observed in mice containing EZH2 KO SCs (KcEZH2-2TΔ and KcEZH2-5TΔ mice). Moreover, EZH2 expression does not correlate with the expression of markers of invasive SCCs. Finally, EZH2 KO cells that are E-cadherin+ are present at invasion fronts infiltrating underlying muscle tissue. Our findings indicate that the knockout of EZH2 in basal SCs of tongue epithelia results in more aggressive carcinomas, and this should be considered when targeting EZH2 as a therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Baquero
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA.,Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Xiao-Han Tang
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA.,Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Lorraine J Gudas
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA.,Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
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Soares-Lima SC, Mehanna H, Camuzi D, de Souza-Santos PT, Simão TDA, Nicolau-Neto P, Almeida Lopes MDS, Cuenin C, Talukdar FR, Batis N, Costa I, Dias F, Degli Esposti D, Boroni M, Herceg Z, Ribeiro Pinto LF. Upper Aerodigestive Tract Squamous Cell Carcinomas Show Distinct Overall DNA Methylation Profiles and Different Molecular Mechanisms behind WNT Signaling Disruption. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:3014. [PMID: 34208581 PMCID: PMC8234055 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13123014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Upper aerodigestive tract (UADT) tumors present different biological behavior and prognosis, suggesting specific molecular mechanisms underlying their development. However, they are rarely considered as single entities (particularly head and neck subsites) and share the most common genetic alterations. Therefore, there is a need for a better understanding of the global DNA methylation differences among UADT tumors. We performed a genome-wide DNA methylation analysis of esophageal (ESCC), laryngeal (LSCC), oral (OSCC) and oropharyngeal (OPSCC) squamous cell carcinomas, and their non-tumor counterparts. The unsupervised analysis showed that non-tumor tissues present markedly distinct DNA methylation profiles, while tumors are highly heterogeneous. Hypomethylation was more frequent in LSCC and OPSCC, while ESCC and OSCC presented mostly hypermethylation, with the latter showing a CpG island overrepresentation. Differentially methylated regions affected genes in 127 signaling pathways, with only 3.1% of these being common among different tumor subsites, but with different genes affected. The WNT signaling pathway, known to be dysregulated in different epithelial tumors, is a frequent hit for DNA methylation and gene expression alterations in ESCC and OPSCC, but mostly for genetic alterations in LSCC and OSCC. UADT tumor subsites present differences in genome-wide methylation regarding their profile, intensity, genomic regions and signaling pathways affected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheila Coelho Soares-Lima
- Molecular Carcinogenesis Program, Brazilian National Cancer Institute, Rua André Cavalcanti, 37–6° Andar, Bairro de Fátima, Rio de Janeiro 20231-050, Brazil; (S.C.S.-L.); (D.C.); (P.N.-N.); (M.d.S.A.L.)
| | - Hisham Mehanna
- Institute of Head and Neck Studies and Education (InHANSE), Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; (H.M.); (N.B.)
| | - Diego Camuzi
- Molecular Carcinogenesis Program, Brazilian National Cancer Institute, Rua André Cavalcanti, 37–6° Andar, Bairro de Fátima, Rio de Janeiro 20231-050, Brazil; (S.C.S.-L.); (D.C.); (P.N.-N.); (M.d.S.A.L.)
| | | | - Tatiana de Almeida Simão
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcantara Gomes, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Av. 28 de Setembro 87 fundos, Vila Isabel, Rio de Janeiro 20551-013, Brazil;
| | - Pedro Nicolau-Neto
- Molecular Carcinogenesis Program, Brazilian National Cancer Institute, Rua André Cavalcanti, 37–6° Andar, Bairro de Fátima, Rio de Janeiro 20231-050, Brazil; (S.C.S.-L.); (D.C.); (P.N.-N.); (M.d.S.A.L.)
| | - Monique de Souza Almeida Lopes
- Molecular Carcinogenesis Program, Brazilian National Cancer Institute, Rua André Cavalcanti, 37–6° Andar, Bairro de Fátima, Rio de Janeiro 20231-050, Brazil; (S.C.S.-L.); (D.C.); (P.N.-N.); (M.d.S.A.L.)
| | - Cyrille Cuenin
- Epigenetics Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer, 150 Cours Albert Thomas, CEDEX 08, 69372 Lyon, France; (C.C.); (F.R.T.); (D.D.E.); (Z.H.)
| | - Fazlur Rahman Talukdar
- Epigenetics Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer, 150 Cours Albert Thomas, CEDEX 08, 69372 Lyon, France; (C.C.); (F.R.T.); (D.D.E.); (Z.H.)
| | - Nikolaos Batis
- Institute of Head and Neck Studies and Education (InHANSE), Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; (H.M.); (N.B.)
| | - Izabella Costa
- Seção de Cirurgia de Cabeça e Pescoço, Instituto Nacional de Câncer—INCA, Praça da Cruz Vermelha, Rio de Janeiro 20230-130, Brazil; (I.C.); (F.D.)
| | - Fernando Dias
- Seção de Cirurgia de Cabeça e Pescoço, Instituto Nacional de Câncer—INCA, Praça da Cruz Vermelha, Rio de Janeiro 20230-130, Brazil; (I.C.); (F.D.)
| | - Davide Degli Esposti
- Epigenetics Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer, 150 Cours Albert Thomas, CEDEX 08, 69372 Lyon, France; (C.C.); (F.R.T.); (D.D.E.); (Z.H.)
| | - Mariana Boroni
- Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Lab, Brazilian National Cancer Institute, Rua André Cavalcanti, 37–1° Andar, Bairro de Fátima, Rio de Janeiro 20231-050, Brazil;
| | - Zdenko Herceg
- Epigenetics Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer, 150 Cours Albert Thomas, CEDEX 08, 69372 Lyon, France; (C.C.); (F.R.T.); (D.D.E.); (Z.H.)
| | - Luis Felipe Ribeiro Pinto
- Molecular Carcinogenesis Program, Brazilian National Cancer Institute, Rua André Cavalcanti, 37–6° Andar, Bairro de Fátima, Rio de Janeiro 20231-050, Brazil; (S.C.S.-L.); (D.C.); (P.N.-N.); (M.d.S.A.L.)
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcantara Gomes, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Av. 28 de Setembro 87 fundos, Vila Isabel, Rio de Janeiro 20551-013, Brazil;
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Prado G, Kaestner CL, Licht JD, Bennett RL. Targeting epigenetic mechanisms to overcome venetoclax resistance. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Res 2021; 1868:119047. [PMID: 33945824 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2021.119047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The BH-3 mimetic venetoclax overcomes apoptosis and therapy resistance caused by high expression of BCL2 or loss of BH3-only protein function. Although a promising therapy for hematologic malignancies, increased expression of anti-apoptotic MCL-1 or BCL-XL, as well as other resistance mechanisms prevent a durable response to venetoclax. Recent studies demonstrate that agents targeting epigenetic mechanisms such as DNA methyltransferase inhibitors, histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors, histone methyltransferase EZH2 inhibitors, or bromodomain reader protein inhibitors may disable oncogenic gene expression signatures responsible for venetoclax resistance. Combination therapies including venetoclax and epigenetic therapies are effective in preclinical models and the subject of many current clinical trials. Here we review epigenetic strategies to overcome venetoclax resistance mechanisms in hematologic malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Prado
- University of Florida Health Cancer Center and University of Florida Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Gainesville, FL 32610, United States of America
| | - Charlotte L Kaestner
- University of Florida Health Cancer Center and University of Florida Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Gainesville, FL 32610, United States of America
| | - Jonathan D Licht
- University of Florida Health Cancer Center and University of Florida Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Gainesville, FL 32610, United States of America
| | - Richard L Bennett
- University of Florida Health Cancer Center and University of Florida Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Gainesville, FL 32610, United States of America.
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Cai Q, He B, Xie H, Zhang P, Peng X, Zhang Y, Zhao Z, Wang X. Identification of a novel prognostic DNA methylation signature for lung adenocarcinoma based on consensus clustering method. Cancer Med 2020; 9:7488-7502. [PMID: 32860318 PMCID: PMC7571836 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.3343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Abnormal DNA methylation persists throughout carcinogenesis and cancer development. Hence, gene promoter methylation may act as a prognostic tool and provide new potential therapeutic targets for patients with lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). In this study, to explore prognostic methylation signature, data regarding DNA methylation and RNA-seq, and clinical data of patients with LUAD from the Cancer Genome Atlas database (TCGA) were downloaded. After data preprocessing, the methylation data were divided into training (N = 405) and test sets (N = 62). Then, patients in the training set were assigned to five subgroups based on their different methylation levels using the consensus clustering method. We comprehensively analyzed the survival information, methylation levels, and clinical variables, including American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) stage, tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) staging, age, smoking history, and gender of these five groups. Subsequently, we identified a 16-CpG prognostic signature and constructed a prognostic model, which was verified in the test set. Further analyses showed stable prognostic performance in the stratified cohorts. In conclusion, the new predictive DNA methylation signature proposed in this study may be used as an independent biomarker to assess the overall survival of LUAD patients and provide bioinformatics information for development of targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qidong Cai
- Department of Thoracic SurgeryThe Second Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Early Diagnosis and Precision TherapyDepartment of Thoracic SurgeryThe Second Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
| | - Boxue He
- Department of Thoracic SurgeryThe Second Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Early Diagnosis and Precision TherapyDepartment of Thoracic SurgeryThe Second Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
| | - Hui Xie
- Department of Thoracic SurgeryThe Second Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Early Diagnosis and Precision TherapyDepartment of Thoracic SurgeryThe Second Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
| | - Pengfei Zhang
- Department of Thoracic SurgeryThe Second Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Early Diagnosis and Precision TherapyDepartment of Thoracic SurgeryThe Second Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
| | - Xiong Peng
- Department of Thoracic SurgeryThe Second Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Early Diagnosis and Precision TherapyDepartment of Thoracic SurgeryThe Second Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
| | - Yuqian Zhang
- Department of Thoracic SurgeryThe Second Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Early Diagnosis and Precision TherapyDepartment of Thoracic SurgeryThe Second Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
| | - Zhenyu Zhao
- Department of Thoracic SurgeryThe Second Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Early Diagnosis and Precision TherapyDepartment of Thoracic SurgeryThe Second Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
| | - Xiang Wang
- Department of Thoracic SurgeryThe Second Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Early Diagnosis and Precision TherapyDepartment of Thoracic SurgeryThe Second Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
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Abstract
Objectives: The PHD Finger Protein 19 (PHF19), as a sub-component of polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2), has been identified to be associated with various biological processes. Aberrant expression of PHF19 has implicated in several cancer types. This study aims to investigate its function and clinical significance in gastric cancer for the first time.Methods: The expression of PHF19 was evaluated by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and immunohistochemistry. PHF19 was silenced by small interference RNAs and lentiviral particles in gastric cancer cells. Then cell growth was measured by CCK-8 assays, colony formation and in a mouse model. Transwell and wound healing assays were performed to detect cell migration. Western blot analysis was used to explore the downstream signaling factors in PHF19-silenced cells, xenograft tumors and gastric cancer samples.Results: PHF19 was frequently upregulated in gastric cancer tissues compared with adjacent normal stomach tissues and this upregulation was correlated with tumor cell differentiation and poor outcome of gastric cancer patients. Functionally, the silencing of PHF19 in gastric cancer cells led to decreased cell growth and migration. Stable knockdown of PHF19 inhibited the tumorigenicity of gastric cancer cells in nude mice model. Western blot results demonstrated that phosphorylated AKT and ERK were reduced upon PHF19 downregulation, implying the two signaling pathways possibly mediate the oncogenic roles of PHF19.Conclusions: We identified PHF19 as an oncogene candidate and provided a new potential drug target for gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haixiao Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Huaian No.1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huaian, Jiangsu, China
| | - Penghui Xu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Guangli Sun
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jialun Lv
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiacheng Cao
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zekuan Xu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center For Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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Huang R, Chen Z, Li W, Fan C, Liu J. Immune system‑associated genes increase malignant progression and can be used to predict clinical outcome in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. Int J Oncol 2020; 56:1199-1211. [PMID: 32319580 PMCID: PMC7115743 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2020.4998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most malignant types of cancer, and is associated with high recurrence rates and a poor response to chemotherapy. Immune signatures in the microenvironment of HCC have not been well explored systematically. The aim of the present study was to identify prognostic immune signatures and build a nomogram for use in clinical evaluation. Using bioinformatics analysis, RNA‑seq data and overall survival (OS) information on 370 HCC cases from TCGA and 232 HCC cases from ICGC were analyzed. The differential expression of select immune genes, based on previously published studies, between HCC and adjacent tissue were analyzed using the limma package in R. Enrichment of pathways and gene ontology analysis was performed using clusterProfiler. Subsequently, univariate Cox regression analysis, Lasso penalty linear regression and multivariate Cox regression models were used to construct a model for immune risk score (IRS). The R packages, survival and survivalROC, were used to plot survival and the associated receiver operating characteristic curves. Infiltration of immune cells was calculated using Tumor IMmune Estimation Resource, with significance examined using a Pearson's correlation test. P<0.05 was considered significant. Based on the analysis, expression of 200 immune genes were upregulated and 47 immune genes were downregulated immune genes. In the multivariate Cox model, 5 genes (enhancer of zest homology 2, ferritin light chain, complement factor H related 3, isthmin 2, cyclin dependent kinase 5) were used to generate the IRS. By stratifying according to the median IRS, it was shown that patients with a high IRS had poor OS rates after 1, 2, 3 and 5 years, and this result was consistent across the testing, training and independent validation cohorts. Additionally, the IRS was correlated with the abundance of infiltrating immune cells. The nomogram built using IRS and clinical characteristics, was able to predict 1, 3 and 5 year OS with area under the curve values of >0.8. These results suggest that the model developed to calculate the IRS may be used to monitor the effectiveness of treatment strategies and for prognostic prediction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongfu Huang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian 362000
| | - Zheng Chen
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University and Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200000
| | | | - Chunmei Fan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian 362000
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Yue Bei People's Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shaoguan, Guangdong 512026, P.R. China
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12
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Misawa K, Mima M, Satoshi Y, Imai A, Mochizuki D, Ishikawa R, Kita J, Yamaguchi Y, Endo S, Misawa Y, Mineta H. Prostanoid receptor genes confer poor prognosis in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma via epigenetic inactivation. J Transl Med 2020; 18:31. [PMID: 31969157 PMCID: PMC6977280 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-020-02214-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Chronic inflammation is a risk factor for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) and other diseases. Prostanoid receptors are clearly involved in the development of many types of cancer. However, their role is not simple and is poorly understood in HNSCC. Methods Methylation profiles of prostanoid receptor family genes were generated for tumour samples obtained from 274 patients with HNSCC, including 69 hypopharynx, 51 larynx, 79 oral cavity, and 75 oropharynx tumour samples, by quantitative methylation-specific PCR. Promoter methylation was then evaluated with respect to various clinical characteristics and patient survival. Results The mean number of methylated genes per sample was 2.05 ± 2.59 (range 0 to 9). Promoters of PTGDR1, PTGDR2, PTGER1, PTGER2, PTGER3, PTGER4, PTGFR, PTGIR, and TBXA2R were methylated in 43.8%, 18.2%, 25.5%, 17.5%, 41.2%, 8.0%, 19.3%, 20.4%, and 11.3% of the samples, respectively. Methylation indices for prostanoid receptor family genes tended to be higher as the number of TET methylation events increased. Patients with 5–9 methylated genes had a significantly lower survival rate than that of patients with 0–4 methylated genes (log-rank test, P= 0.007). In multivariate analyses, PTGDR1 methylation was most highly correlated with recurrence in patients with hypopharyngeal cancer (P = 0.014). A similar correlation was observed for PTGER4 in patients with laryngeal cancer (P = 0.046). Methylation of the PTGIR and TBXA2R promoters was positively correlated with recurrence in oropharyngeal cancer (P = 0.028 and P = 0.006, respectively). Moreover, Patients with 5–9 methylated genes were extremely lower of 5hmC levels (P = 0.035) and was correlated with increasing expression of DNMT3A and DNMT3B (P < 0.05 and P < 0.05, respectively). Conclusion We characterised the relationship between the methylation status of prostanoid receptor genes and recurrence in HNSCC. These results provide new perspectives for the development of molecular targeted treatment approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiyoshi Misawa
- Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Shizuoka, 431-3192, Japan.
| | - Masato Mima
- Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Shizuoka, 431-3192, Japan
| | - Yamada Satoshi
- Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Shizuoka, 431-3192, Japan
| | - Atsushi Imai
- Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Shizuoka, 431-3192, Japan
| | - Daiki Mochizuki
- Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Shizuoka, 431-3192, Japan
| | - Ryuji Ishikawa
- Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Shizuoka, 431-3192, Japan
| | - Junya Kita
- Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Shizuoka, 431-3192, Japan
| | - Yuki Yamaguchi
- Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Shizuoka, 431-3192, Japan
| | - Shiori Endo
- Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Shizuoka, 431-3192, Japan
| | - Yuki Misawa
- Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Shizuoka, 431-3192, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Mineta
- Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Shizuoka, 431-3192, Japan
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Abstract
Head and neck cancer (HNC) is the sixth most common cancer worldwide and therefore presents a global public health problem. There are no standard algorithms for the diagnosis and follow-up of the disease, and no effective current treatment approaches exist. Therefore, the discovery of new biomolecules and the design of new strategies to aid in early diagnosis is necessary, along with establishing prognostic factors of HNC. In several cancer studies, the upregulation of SET Domain, Bifurcated 1 (SETDB1) has been reported to be tumor-inducing and to indicate a cancer-invasive prognosis, leading to the modulation of genes associated with different signaling pathways; however, the literature is sparse regarding the relationship between SETDB1 and HNC. In our study, three HNC primary cell lines and their corresponding metastatic cell lines were used. The quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and western blotting data indicated that the SETDB1 mRNA and protein expression levels were higher in all metastatic cell lines compared to their primary cell lines (P < 0.05 for all). To investigate the role of SETDB1 in HNC biology, in vitro functional analyses were carried out using small interference RNA (siRNA) technology, cell viability, scratch wound-healing, and the caspase-3 activity assay of gene expression of SETDB1 to compare primary and metastatic cell lines of HNC. Metastatic cells were more susceptible to this suppression, which decreased the vitality of cells and their ability of wound-healing and induced level of caspase-3 activity (P < 0.05 for all). This functional study has shown that SETDB1 plays an important role in head and neck carcinogenesis. Therefore, SETDB1 may be an attractive therapeutic target molecule and also a potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarker in HNC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sibel Özdaş
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering Sciences, Adana Alpaslan Türkeş Science and Technology University, Adana, Turkey
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14
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Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is the sixth most common human malignancy in the world, with high mortality and poor prognosis for patients. Among the risk factors are tobacco and alcohol intake, human papilloma virus, and also genetic and epigenetic modifications. Many studies show that epigenetic events play an important role in HNSCC development and progression, including DNA methylation, chromatin remodeling, histone posttranslational covalent modifications, and effects of non-coding RNA. Epigenetic modifications may influence silencing of tumor suppressor genes by promoter hypermethylation, regulate transcription by microRNAs and changes in chromatin structure, or induce genome instability through hypomethylation. Moreover, getting to better understand aberrant patterns of methylation may provide biomarkers for early detection and diagnosis, while knowledge about target genes of microRNAs may improve the therapy of HNSCC and extend overall survival. The aim of this review is to present recent studies which demonstrate the role of epigenetic regulation in the development of HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jadwiga Gaździcka
- Department of Medical and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, Jordana 19 Str., 41-808, Zabrze, Katowice, Poland.
| | - Karolina Gołąbek
- Department of Medical and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, Jordana 19 Str., 41-808, Zabrze, Katowice, Poland
| | - Joanna Katarzyna Strzelczyk
- Department of Medical and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, Jordana 19 Str., 41-808, Zabrze, Katowice, Poland
| | - Zofia Ostrowska
- Department of Medical and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, Jordana 19 Str., 41-808, Zabrze, Katowice, Poland
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15
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Zhang L, Tian S, Pei M, Zhao M, Wang L, Jiang Y, Yang T, Zhao J, Song L, Yang X. Crosstalk between histone modification and DNA methylation orchestrates the epigenetic regulation of the costimulatory factors, Tim‑3 and galectin‑9, in cervical cancer. Oncol Rep 2019; 42:2655-2669. [PMID: 31661141 PMCID: PMC6859457 DOI: 10.3892/or.2019.7388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Persistent infection with high-risk human papillomavirus is known to cause cervical cancer. The binding of the costimulatory factors, Tim-3 and galectin-9, can cause immune tolerance and lead to immune escape during carcinogenesis. Epigenetic regulation is essential for Tim-3/galectin-9 expression, which affects the outcome of local cervical cancer infection. Hence, exploring the epigenetic regulatory mechanisms of costimulatory signaling by Tim-3/galectin-9 is of great interest for investigating the mechanisms through which these proteins are regulated in cervical cancer tumorigenesis. In this study, we report that E2F-1 and FOXM1 mediated by HPV18 E6 and E7 can enhance the transcriptional activity of Enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) by binding to its promoter region, resulting in the induced expression of the EZH2-specific target protein, H3K27me3, which consequently reduces the expression of the downstream target gene, DNA (cytosine-5)-methyltransferase 3A (DNMT3A). EZH2 and H3K27me3 directly interact with the DNMT3A promoter region to negatively regulate its expression in HeLa cells. Moreover, the downregulated DNMT3A and the decreased methylation levels in HAVCR2/LGALS9 promoter regions in HeLa cells promoted the expression of Tim-3/galectin-9. Furthermore, the high expression of Tim-3/galectin-9 was associated with HPV positivity among patients with cervical cancer. Moreover, HAVCR2/LGALS9 promoter regions were hypermethylated in normal cervical tissues, and this hypermethylated status inhibited gene expression. On the whole, these findings suggest that EZH2, H3K27me3 and DNMT3A mediate the epigenetic regulation of the negative stimulatory molecules, Tim-3 and galectin-9 in cervical cancer which is associated with HPV18 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Sijuan Tian
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Meili Pei
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Minyi Zhao
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Yifan Jiang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Ting Yang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Juan Zhao
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Lihua Song
- Research Center for Food Safety and Nutrition, Bor S. Luh Food Safety Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P.R. China
| | - Xiaofeng Yang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
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16
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Zhou L, Mudianto T, Ma X, Riley R, Uppaluri R. Targeting EZH2 Enhances Antigen Presentation, Antitumor Immunity, and Circumvents Anti-PD-1 Resistance in Head and Neck Cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2019; 26:290-300. [PMID: 31562203 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-19-1351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Revised: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Anti-programmed death-1 (PD-1) receptor-based therapeutics improve survival in patients with recurrent head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), but many do not benefit due to a low response rate. Herein, we identified EZH2 as a therapeutic target that enhanced tumor cell antigen presentation and subsequently sensitized resistant tumors to anti-PD-1 therapy. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN EZH2 regulation of antigen presentation was defined using EZH2 inhibitors (GSK126 and EPZ6438) in human and mouse HNSCC cell lines. Mechanistic dissection of EZH2 in regulation of antigen presentation was investigated using flow cytometry, qRT-PCR, ELISA, and chromatin-immunoprecipitation assays. EZH2-deficient cell lines were generated using CRISPR-CAS9. GSK126 and anti-PD-1-blocking antibody were used in testing combinatorial therapy in vivo. RESULTS EZH2 expression was negatively correlated with antigen-processing machinery pathway components in HNSCC data sets in The Cancer Genome Atlas. EZH2 inhibition resulted in significant upregulation of MHC class I expression in human and mouse human papillomavirus-negative HNSCC lines in vitro and in mouse models in vivo. Enhanced antigen presentation on the tumor cells by EZH2 inhibitors or CRISPR-mediated EZH2 deficiency increased antigen-specific CD8+ T-cell proliferation, IFNγ production, and tumor cell cytotoxicity. Mechanistically, EZH2 inhibition reduced the histone H3K27me3 modification on the β-2-microglobulin promoter. Finally, in an anti-PD-1-resistant model of HNSCC, tumor growth was suppressed with combination therapy. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrated that targeting EZH2 enhanced antigen presentation and was able to circumvent anti-PD-1 resistance. Thus, combining EZH2 targeting with anti-PD-1 may increase therapeutic susceptibility in HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liye Zhou
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Tenny Mudianto
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Xiaojing Ma
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts.,School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Rachel Riley
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ravindra Uppaluri
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts. .,Department of Surgery/Otolaryngology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
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17
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Huang R, Jin X, Gao Y, Yuan H, Wang F, Cao X. DZNep inhibits Hif-1α and Wnt signalling molecules to attenuate the proliferation and invasion of BGC-823 gastric cancer cells. Oncol Lett 2019; 18:4308-4316. [PMID: 31579098 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.10769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
3-deazaneplanocin A (DZNep) is a histone methyltransferase inhibitor, which may cause the reactivation of silenced tumor suppressor genes in tumors to inhibit the development, metastasis and dissemination of tumor cells. However, the effects and mechanisms of its application in gastric cancer remain unclear. The present study revealed an inhibitory function of DZNep in BGC-823 cells. The cell colony, Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK8), wound healing, Transwell and flow cytometry assays were performed, and the results demonstrated that DZNep could inhibit the proliferation, apoptosis and invasion of BGC-823 cells, and promote their apoptosis. The effects of intervention in BDC-823 cells with DZNep on the RNA and protein expression levels of hypoxia-inducible factor (Hif-1α) and Wnt/β-catenin signalling molecules were further examined using reverse transcription-quantitative PCR and western blot analysis. The results demonstrated that different concentrations of DZNep could inhibit the expression of enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) protein, decrease the RNA and protein expression levels of Hif-1α, total β-catenin and phosphorylated-β-catenin and increase the expression levels of non-phosphorylated-β-catenin to different degrees. The results of the present study suggests that DZNep inhibits BGC-823 gastric cancer cells via the inhibition of EZH2, Hif-1α and Wnt/β-catenin signalling molecules. These results provide theoretical basis for the application of DZNep in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, P.R. China
| | - Xiu Jin
- Department of Pathology, Basic Medical School, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, P.R. China.,Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong 272029, P.R. China
| | - Yongying Gao
- Department of Neurology, Ningxia People's Hospital, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750021, P.R. China
| | - Hongmei Yuan
- Department of Ultrasound, Ningxia People's Hospital, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750021, P.R. China
| | - Fei Wang
- Department of Pathology, Basic Medical School, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, P.R. China
| | - Xiangmei Cao
- Department of Pathology, Basic Medical School, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, P.R. China
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Li H, Wang FL, Shan LP, An J, Liu ML, Li W, Zhang JE, Wu PP. Comprehensive analysis of gene expression and DNA methylation for human nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2019; 276:2565-76. [PMID: 31240455 DOI: 10.1007/s00405-019-05525-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is one of the most malignant head and neck carcinomas with unique epidemiological features. In this study, we aimed to identify the novel NPC-related genes and biological pathways, shedding light on the potential molecular mechanisms of NPC. METHODS Based on Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database, an integrated analysis of microarrays studies was performed to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and differentially methylated genes (DMGs) in NPC compared to normal control. The genes which were both differentially expressed and differentially methylated were identified. Functional annotation and protein-protein interaction (PPI) network construction were used to uncover biological functions of DEGs. RESULTS Two DNA methylation and five gene expression datasets were incorporated. A total of 1074 genes were up-regulated and 939 genes were down-regulated in NPC were identified. A total of 719 differential methylation CpG sites (DMCs) including 1 hypermethylated sites and 718 hypomethylated sites were identified. Among which, 11 genes were both DEGs and DMGs in NPC. Pathways in cancer, p53 signaling pathway and Epstein-Barr virus infection were three pathways significantly enriched pathways in DEmRNAs of NPC. The PPI network of top 50 DEGs were consisted of 191 nodes and 191 edges. CONCLUSIONS Our study was helpful to elucidate the underlying mechanism of NPC and provide clues for therapeutic methods.
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